人中百病。难疗者莫过于水也水者肾之制也。肾者人之本也。肾气壮则水还于海。肾气虚则水散于皮。
又三焦壅塞荣卫闭格。血气不从。虚实交变。水随气流。故为水病。有肿于头目者。有肿于腰脚者。有肿于
四肢者。有肿于双目者。有因嗽而发者。有因劳而生者。有因凝滞而起者。有因虚乏而成者。有因五脏而
出者。有因六腑而来者。类目多种而状各不同。所以难治者。由此百状。人难晓达。纵晓其端。则又苦人以
娇恣不循理法。触冒禁忌。弗能备矣。故人中水疾。死者多矣。水有十名具于篇末。一曰青水。二曰赤水。三
曰黄水。四曰白水。五曰黑水。六曰玄水。七曰风水。八曰石水。九曰里水。十曰气水。青水者。其根起于肝。其
状先从而肿而渐行一身也。赤水者。其根起于心。其状先从胸肿起也。黄水者。其根起于脾。其状先从腹
肿也。白水者。其根起于肺。其状先从脚肿而上气喘嗽也。黑水者。其根起于肾。其状先从足跗肿。玄水者。
其根起于胆。其状先从头面起肿而至足者。是也。风水者。其根起于胃。其状先从四肢起。腹满大而通身
肿也。石水者。其根在膀胱。其状起脐下而腹独大。是也。里水者。其根在小肠。其状先从小腹。胀而不肿。渐
渐而肿也（又注云。一作小腹胀而暴肿也。）气水者。其根在大肠。其状乍来乍去。乍盛乍衰者。是也。此良由上下不通。
关窍不利。气血痞格。阴阳不调。而致之也。其脉洪大者可治。微细者不可治也。又消渴之疾久不愈。令人患水
气。其水临时发散。归于五脏六腑。则生为病也。消渴者。因冒风冲热。饥饱失节。饮酒过量。嗜欲伤频。或饵
金石。久而积成。使之然也。
在各类疾病中，难以治疗的，没有比水肿病更难的。水是肾脏所主管的，肾是人体生命的根本。肾气强壮，则水液回归于海（指肾与膀胱的气化功能正常，水液代谢有序）；肾气虚弱，则水液散溢于皮肤之间。
此外，三焦壅塞不通，营卫之气闭阻隔绝，血气运行不畅，虚实相互转化，水液随着气流窜动，因此形成水病。有的表现为头目浮肿，有的表现为腰脚浮肿，有的表现为四肢浮肿，有的表现为双目浮肿。有的因咳嗽而引发，有的因劳累而生发，有的因气机凝滞而起，有的因身体虚乏而成。有的源于五脏病变，有的源于六腑病变。分类名目繁多，症状各不相同。之所以难治，是因为病症表现百端，人们难以通晓明白。即使有人知晓其端倪，又苦于患者娇生惯养、放纵任性，不遵循理法，触犯禁忌，无法做到全面防范。所以患水疾的人，死亡的很多。水病有十种名称，详见篇末：一叫青水，二叫赤水，三叫黄水，四叫白水，五叫黑水，六叫玄水，七叫风水，八叫石水，九叫里水，十叫气水。
青水，其根源起于肝，其症状先从眼部肿胀开始，逐渐蔓延至全身。赤水，其根源起于心，其症状先从胸部肿胀开始。黄水，其根源起于脾，其症状先从腹部肿胀开始。白水，其根源起于肺，其症状先从脚部肿胀开始，并伴有气喘和咳嗽。黑水，其根源起于肾，其症状先从足背肿胀开始。玄水，其根源起于胆，其症状先从头面部肿胀开始，直至足部。风水，其根源起于胃，其症状先从四肢开始，腹部胀大且全身浮肿。石水，其根源在膀胱，其症状从脐下开始，只有腹部特别肿大。里水，其根源在小肠，其症状先从小腹胀满但不肿胀开始，逐渐发展为肿胀（又有注释说：另一种说法是小腹胀而且突然肿胀）。气水，其根源在大肠，其症状时来时去，时重时轻。这主要是由于上下不通畅，关窍不利，气血痞塞阻隔，阴阳不调和所致。脉象洪大的可以治疗，脉象微细的不可治疗。另外，消渴病长久不愈，会让人患上水气病。水气随时发散，归于五脏六腑，从而产生各种疾病。消渴病，是因为冒受风邪、冲击热邪，饥饱失常，饮酒过量，房事频繁伤及肾精，或者长期服用金石类药物，久而久之积聚而成，导致这种情况发生。
Among all diseases, none is more difficult to treat than edema (Water Disease). Water is controlled by the Kidney. The Kidney is the root of human life. When Kidney Qi is strong, water returns to the Sea (referring to normal Qi transformation and fluid metabolism in the Kidney and Bladder); when Kidney Qi is deficient, water scatters into the skin.
Furthermore, when the Triple Burner is obstructed, Ying and Wei (Defensive and Nutritive Qi) are blocked and separated, blood and Qi do not flow smoothly, deficiency and excess transform into each other, and water follows the flow of Qi, thus forming water disease. There are cases where swelling occurs in the head and eyes, cases where swelling occurs in the waist and feet, cases where swelling occurs in the four limbs, and cases where swelling occurs in both eyes. Some arise due to coughing, some due to labor/fatigue, some due to stagnation, and some due to deficiency and exhaustion. Some originate from the Zang organs, and some from the Fu organs. The categories are numerous, and the manifestations vary. The reason it is difficult to treat is that there are hundreds of symptoms, which are hard for people to understand comprehensively. Even if one understands the beginning, patients often suffer from being pampered and willful, failing to follow principles and laws, and violating taboos, making prevention impossible. Therefore, many people die from water diseases. There are ten names for water diseases, detailed at the end of the chapter: 1. Qing Shui (Green Water), 2. Chi Shui (Red Water), 3. Huang Shui (Yellow Water), 4. Bai Shui (White Water), 5. Hei Shui (Black Water), 6. Xuan Shui (Dark Water), 7. Feng Shui (Wind Water), 8. Shi Shui (Stone Water), 9. Li Shui (Interior Water), 10. Qi Shui (Qi Water).
Qing Shui (Green Water): Its root originates in the Liver. Its manifestation begins with swelling around the eyes and gradually spreads over the whole body.
Chi Shui (Red Water): Its root originates in the Heart. Its manifestation begins with swelling in the chest.
Huang Shui (Yellow Water): Its root originates in the Spleen. Its manifestation begins with swelling in the abdomen.
Bai Shui (White Water): Its root originates in the Lung. Its manifestation begins with swelling in the feet, accompanied by panting and coughing.
Hei Shui (Black Water): Its root originates in the Kidney. Its manifestation begins with swelling on the dorsum of the foot.
Xuan Shui (Dark Water): Its root originates in the Gallbladder. Its manifestation begins with swelling in the head and face, extending down to the feet.
Feng Shui (Wind Water): Its root originates in the Stomach. Its manifestation begins with the four limbs, followed by abdominal distension and full-body swelling.
Shi Shui (Stone Water): Its root lies in the Bladder. Its manifestation begins below the umbilicus, with only the abdomen becoming particularly enlarged.
Li Shui (Interior Water): Its root lies in the Small Intestine. Its manifestation begins with distension in the lower abdomen without initial swelling, which gradually progresses to swelling (Another note says: alternatively, small abdominal distension with sudden swelling).
Qi Shui (Qi Water): Its root lies in the Large Intestine. Its manifestation comes and goes, waxing and waning. This is primarily due to the lack of communication between the upper and lower parts, obstruction of the orifices, stagnation and blockage of blood and Qi, and disharmony of Yin and Yang. A洪大 (Hong Da / Surging) pulse indicates a treatable condition, while a微细 (Wei Xi / Fine and Thready) pulse indicates an untreatable condition.
Additionally, Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) that persists for a long time can lead to Shui Qi (Water Qi/Edema). The water qi disperses temporarily and settles in the Zang and Fu organs, causing various diseases. Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting Syndrome) arises from exposure to wind and heat, irregular eating habits, excessive alcohol consumption, frequent sexual activity damaging the essence, or long-term ingestion of mineral drugs (Jin Shi), which accumulate over time to cause this condition.