如太阴司天,阴脉岁当见左寸,反见右寸。其右寸本然阳脉而移左寸,曰阴阳交,交者死。
若左独阴脉不见,或右独不见,乃不应阴气,止疾而已。尺同。惟寅申巳亥辰戌丑未八年有之。
少阴司天,阴脉岁当见两寸,反见两尺。其尺本然阳脉而移两寸,曰尺寸反,反者死。尺同,尺
寸独义因前。惟子午卯酉四年有之。
歌曰∶
左寸交右右交左,右尺交左左交右。
两寸反移两尺居,两尺反移两寸守。
不应谓阴之所在,脉乃沉细,不应本脉也。若覆手诊之,则沉为浮,细为大矣。尺寸本无上
下,今以上下字言之,以别南北政司天在泉所主耳。
\r南北政尺寸脉不应图\ps127a37.bmp\r
歌曰∶
南政寸上尺居下,北政寸上尺下推。
三阴司天不应上,在泉于下不应之。
太阴须诊左寸尺,厥阴右手尺寸持。
少阴脉兼两寸尺,此理微妙诚难知。
按脉不应专主三阴言,然少阴君火也,故主两寸两尺。所以少阴司天,两寸不应;少阴在泉,
两尺不应。子之左丑属太阴,故太阴司天,左寸不应;太阴在泉,左尺不应。子之右亥属厥阴,
故厥阴司天,右寸不应;厥阴在泉,右尺不应。但看三阴所在,司天主寸,在泉主尺,不论南政
北政,此要法也。
一人卧病,医诊左尺不应,以为肾气绝矣,死在旦夕。更医诊之,察色切脉,则面戴阳,气
口皆弦而长,乃伤寒三阳合病也。又方涉海为风涛所惊,遂血菀而神慑,为热所搏,乃吐血一升
许,且胁痛烦渴谵语。投小柴胡汤减参加生地,半剂后,俟其胃实,以承气汤下之而愈。适是年
岁运左尺当不应,此天和脉,非肾绝也。
如果太阴湿土司天,这一年阴脉应当在左寸部出现,反而出现在右寸部。右寸本应是阳脉却移至左寸,这称为“阴阳交”,出现“交”的现象主死。
如果只有左寸的阴脉不见,或者只有右寸的阴脉不见,这是阴气不应(指脉象与岁气不相呼应),仅表现为疾病而已。尺部的情况与此相同。这种现象只在寅、申、巳、亥、辰、戌、丑、未这八年中出现。
如果少阴君火司天,这一年阴脉应当在两寸部出现,反而出现在两尺部。尺部本应是阳脉却移至两寸,这称为“尺寸反”,出现“反”的现象主死。尺部的情况与此相同,“尺寸独义”的含义承接前文。这种现象只在子、午、卯、酉这四年中出现。
歌诀说:
左寸交于右,右交于左;右尺交于左,左交于右。
两寸的反移居在两尺的位置,两尺的反移居在两寸的位置。
所谓“不应”,是指阴气所在之处,脉象应当沉细,这才是符合本气的脉象。如果反手诊察,那么沉就变成浮,细就变大(即脉象显露)。寸和尺本来没有上下之分,现在用上下字来表述,是为了区分南政和北政年份中司天和在泉所主导的气运罢了。
歌诀说:
南政年份,寸在上而尺在下;北政年份,寸在上而尺在下进行推演。
三阴司天时,上方的脉不应(沉伏);三阴在泉时,下方的脉不应(沉伏)。
太阴司天或在地泉,需要诊察左寸和左尺;厥阴司天或在地泉,诊察右手的寸部和尺部。
少阴的脉兼涉两寸和两尺,其中的道理微妙确实难以知晓。
按脉象不应主要专指三阴而言,然而少阴属于君火,所以主管两寸和两尺。因此,少阴司天时,两寸脉不应;少阴在泉时,两尺脉不应。地支中的子、丑属于太阴,所以太阴司天时,左寸脉不应;太阴在泉时,左尺脉不应。地支中的子、右亥属于厥阴,所以厥阴司天时,右寸脉不应;厥阴在泉时,右尺脉不应。只要看三阴所在的位置,司天主管寸部,在泉主管尺部,不论南政还是北政,这是关键的方法。
有一人卧病,医生诊察发现左尺脉不应,认为肾气已绝,将在旦夕之间死亡。另一位医生诊察后,观察面色并切脉,发现患者面戴阳(面部泛红如妆),气口脉皆弦而长,这是伤寒三阳合病。又因刚渡海被风浪惊吓,导致血郁滞而神志惊恐,为热邪所搏结,于是吐血约一升左右,且伴有胁痛、烦躁口渴、胡言乱语。投用小柴胡汤减去人参加入生地黄,服用半剂后,等待其胃气充实,再用承气汤攻下而痊愈。恰逢该年岁运左尺应当不应,这是顺应天时的正常脉象,并非肾气绝灭。
If Taiyin (Great Yin) is the ruling Qi of Heaven, the Yin pulse should appear in the left Cun position this year; if it instead appears in the right Cun position, this is problematic. The right Cun is inherently a Yang position but has shifted to the left Cun; this is called "Yin-Yang Intersection" (Yin-Yang Jiao). The occurrence of "Intersection" indicates death.
If the Yin pulse is absent only on the left side, or absent only on the right side, this signifies that the Yin Qi is "not responding" (Bu Ying), meaning the pulse does not correspond to the seasonal Qi. This results merely in illness, not death. The situation at the Chi position is the same. This phenomenon occurs only in the eight years corresponding to Yin, Shen, Si, Hai, Chen, Xu, Chou, and Wei.
If Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) is the ruling Qi of Heaven, the Yin pulse should appear in both Cun positions this year; if it instead appears in both Chi positions, this is problematic. The Chi position is inherently a Yang position but has shifted to both Cun positions; this is called "Cun-Chi Reversal" (Cun-Chi Fan). The occurrence of "Reversal" indicates death. The situation regarding the Chi position is consistent with this, and the specific meaning of "Cun-Chi alone" follows from the previous context. This phenomenon occurs only in the four years corresponding to Zi, Wu, Mao, and You.
The verse states:
Left Cun intersects with Right, Right intersects with Left;
Right Chi intersects with Left, Left intersects with Right.
Both Cuns reverse and move to occupy the Chi positions;
Both Chis reverse and move to guard the Cun positions.
"Not responding" refers to the location of Yin Qi, where the pulse should be deep and fine (Chen Xi); this conforms to the inherent pulse quality. If one examines the pulse with the hand turned over (supinated), then deep becomes superficial (Fu) and fine becomes large (Da). The Cun and Chi positions originally have no distinction of upper and lower; the terms "upper" and "lower" are used here solely to distinguish the governance of Sihan (Ruling Qi of Heaven) and Zaiquan (Ruling Qi of Earth) in Southern and Northern Zheng (Political) years.
The verse states:
In Southern Zheng, Cun is above and Chi is below;
In Northern Zheng, infer based on Cun above and Chi below.
When the Three Yins rule Heaven, the upper pulse does not respond;
When they rule Earth, the lower pulse does not respond.
For Taiyin, examine the left Cun and Chi;
For Jueyin, hold the right Cun and Chi.
Shaoyin's pulse involves both Cuns and Chis;
This principle is subtle and truly hard to know.
Pulse non-response primarily pertains to the Three Yins. However, since Shaoyin belongs to Minister Fire, it governs both Cuns and both Chis. Therefore, when Shaoyin rules Heaven, both Cuns do not respond; when Shaoyin rules Earth, both Chis do not respond. In the Earthly Branches, Zi and Chou belong to Taiyin. Thus, when Taiyin rules Heaven, the left Cun does not respond; when Taiyin rules Earth, the left Chi does not respond. Zi and Hai (on the right side of the diagrammatic representation) belong to Jueyin. Thus, when Jueyin rules Heaven, the right Cun does not respond; when Jueyin rules Earth, the right Chi does not respond. One need only observe the location of the Three Yins: Sihan governs the Cun position, and Zaiquan governs the Chi position. Regardless of whether it is Southern Zheng or Northern Zheng, this is the essential method.
A patient was bedridden with illness. A physician examined the left Chi pulse and found it non-responsive, concluding that Kidney Qi was exhausted and death would occur within a day or two. Another physician examined the patient, observing the complexion and palpating the pulse. The patient's face showed floating Yang (Dai Yang - redness like makeup on the cheeks), and the Qi Kou (radial artery) pulse was wiry and long. This was diagnosed as a combined disease of the Three Yang stages in Shanghan (Cold Damage). Additionally, the patient had recently crossed the sea and was frightened by wind and waves, causing blood to stagnate and spirit to become terrified. Heat forced the blood upward, resulting in vomiting approximately one sheng of blood, accompanied by hypochondriac pain, irritability, thirst, and delirium. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction) was administered with Ren Shen (Ginseng) removed and Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia Root) added. After half a dose, once the stomach qi was confirmed to be solid, Cheng Qi Tang (Order the Qi Decoction) was given to purge the bowels, leading to recovery. Coincidentally, in that year's annual cycle, the left Chi was supposed to be non-responsive due to the heavenly harmony pulse pattern; this was a Tian He Mai (Heavenly Harmony Pulse), not an exhaustion of Kidney Qi.