【热痰虚痰】 必用天门冬、治咳逆，消火痰清肺。知母（润肺消痰止嗽。）黄芩（泻肺火，治
膈上热痰，痰因火上攻，治以降火也。）黄连（治中焦热痰，恶心，兀兀欲吐，恶心欲吐者痰也。）
栝蒌子（润肺降痰，胸有痰者，以肺受火逼，失降下之令，得甘缓润下之剂，则痰自降，治嗽之要药
也） 青黛（收五脏郁火，消热痰。） 桔梗（下肺气，消痰涎。） 柴胡（去诸痰热结实，积聚寒
热，推陈致新。） 前胡（主痰满胸胁中痞，寒热，推陈致新。） 茵陈蒿（化痰利膈，行滞气。）
白前（消痰止嗽，保定肺气。） 贝母（润心肺，消痰，开郁，治腹结实，心下满，咳逆上
气。） 款冬花（润心肺，消痰止嗽，治涕唾稠粘，肺痿肺痈。） 紫菀（治肺痿吐脓血，消痰
止嗽。） 马兜铃（治肺热咳嗽，痰结喘促。） 兰草（除胸中痰壅，散久积陈郁之气。）
连翘（消痰结。） 淡竹叶（主胸中痰热咳逆。） 桑白皮（消痰，去肺中水气。） 竹沥（消虚痰，
痰盛虚气食少者用之。痰在四肢非此不开。） 荆沥（除痰吐，治头旋目眩，心头 欲吐。痰
盛，人气实，能食者宜此。） 茗苦茶（去痰热渴疾。） 诃黎勒（泄逆气，消火痰止嗽。）
五倍子（含口中治顽痰有功。） 苏子（润心肺，消痰气。） 乌梅（下气去痰。） 恶实（治喉
痹，风热痰壅，咽膈不利。）
【湿痰实痰】 必用白术（治脾胃湿痰，怠惰嗜卧，除胃中热，消虚痰。）苍术（治湿痰、痰饮
成窠囊。） 茯苓（消膈中水，肺痿痰壅。） 半夏（消痰涎，止呕吐，治胸中寒痰痞塞，大
肠痰饮，厥头痛。） 枳壳（化痰涎，利胸膈。） 枳实（主胸膈痰癖，逐停滞，泻痰，能冲墙壁。）
橘皮（除膈间痰热，导滞气，去白理肺降痰。） 木瓜（下气降痰唾。） 大腹皮（下气，治痰膈醋心。）
葶苈（治肺壅咳逆喘促，痰饮。） 甘遂（主留饮水结胸中。） 荛花（治留癖痰饮咳逆。）
茺花（主咳逆喉鸣，消胸中痰饮喜唾。） 旋复花（主结气痰饮肋下满，消胸上痰结，唾如胶漆。）
槐实（止涎唾。） 续随子（除痰饮积聚，利二肠。）
【寒痰风痰】 必用生姜（治痰嗽，止呕吐。呕吐者痰也。） 细辛（破寒痰，开胸中滞。）
半夏（见前。） 南星（除风痰湿痹，利胸膈。） 浓朴（消痰化气。） 天雄（通九窍，利皮肤，
消风痰。） 乌头（主风寒咳逆，消膈上痰，附子之功亦同。） 益智仁（治胃受寒邪，止呕哕，
摄涎唾。） 威灵仙（去腹内冷滞心痛，痰饮久积。） 神曲（开胃消食，主胸膈痰逆。）
巴豆（破留饮痰癖。） 砒霜（主诸疟风痰在膈，可作吐药。） 大麦芽（化食消痰。）
莱菔子（治喘嗽，末研服可吐风痰。） 藜芦（主上膈风痰暗风痫病。） 白芥子（治胸膈冷痰，
痰在肋下，痰在皮里膜外，非此不达。）
【消克痰积】 必用大黄（下留痰宿饮。）槟榔（逐水除痰癖。） 巴豆、砒霜（见前。）
山楂子（消食积痰。） 射干（治咳唾喉痹咽痛，行太阴厥阴之积痰，使结核自消小。结核不痛，
痰也。） 矾石（消饮止渴，治痰壅。） 芒硝（下痰实痞满。） 玄明粉（去肠胃宿垢，软积
消痰。） 卤咸（消痰，磨积块。） 硼砂（消痰止嗽，破 结。） 青礞石（治食积痰不消化。）
蛤粉（坠痰软坚，热痰能降，湿痰能燥，结痰能软，积痰能消。） 食盐（吐胸中痰癖。）
瓜蒂（吐惊痫喉风，痰涎塞壅。） 常山（主温疟胸中痰结吐逆。）
【热痰与虚痰】治疗时必须使用天门冬，以治疗咳嗽气逆，消除火邪之痰并清润肺脏。知母（具有润肺、消除痰液、止咳的功效。）黄芩（清泻肺火，治疗膈膜上方的热痰；因火邪上攻导致生痰，故用此药以降火为主。）黄连（治疗中焦的热痰，症状为恶心、心中懊恼欲吐，这种恶心欲吐的感觉即是痰邪所致。）栝蒌子（润肺降痰，若胸中有痰，是因为肺部受火邪逼迫，失去了肃降的功能，服用甘缓润下的药物后，痰自然下降，这是治疗咳嗽的关键药物。）青黛（收敛五脏郁结之火，消除热痰。）桔梗（下泄肺气，消除痰涎。）柴胡（去除各种痰热结实积聚及寒热往来，推陈出新。）前胡（主治胸胁部痰满痞塞、寒热往来，推陈出新。）茵陈蒿（化痰利膈，行滞气。）白前（消除痰液、止咳，安定肺气。）贝母（润心肺、消痰、开郁结，治疗腹部结实、心下胀满、咳嗽气逆。）款冬花（润心肺、消痰止咳，治疗鼻涕唾液稠粘，以及肺痿、肺痈。）紫菀（治疗肺痿吐脓血，消除痰液、止咳。）马兜铃（治疗肺热咳嗽、痰结喘促。）兰草（清除胸中痰壅，疏散久积陈旧的郁气。）连翘（消除痰结。）淡竹叶（主治胸中痰热引起的咳嗽气逆。）桑白皮（消除痰液，去除肺中的水气。）竹沥（消除虚痰，适用于痰盛、虚损、食欲减退者。痰在四肢时，非此药不能开通。）荆沥（除痰止吐，治疗头晕目眩、心中欲吐。痰盛且人气实、能进食者适宜使用。）苦茶（去除痰热及口渴疾病。）诃黎勒（泄降逆气，消除火邪之痰并止咳。）五倍子（含于口中，对治疗顽固性痰症有功。）苏子（润心肺，消除痰气。）乌梅（下气去痰。）恶实（治疗喉痹、风热痰壅、咽喉膈膜不利。）
【湿痰与实痰】治疗时必须使用白术（治疗脾胃湿痰，症状为倦怠嗜卧，清除胃中热邪，消除虚痰。）苍术（治疗湿痰、痰饮形成窠囊。）茯苓（消除膈膜中的水气，治疗肺痿痰壅。）半夏（消除痰涎，止呕吐，治疗胸中寒痰痞塞、大肠痰饮、厥阴头痛。）枳壳（化痰涎，利胸膈。）枳实（主治胸膈痰癖，驱逐停滞之物，泻除痰饮，力量强劲如能冲毁墙壁。）橘皮（清除膈间痰热，疏导滞气，去白部分可理肺降痰。）木瓜（下气降痰唾。）大腹皮（下气，治疗痰膈醋心感。）葶苈（治疗肺壅咳逆喘促、痰饮。）甘遂（主治留饮结聚于胸中。）荛花（治疗留癖痰饮咳逆。）茺花（主治咳逆喉鸣，消除胸中痰饮喜唾。）旋复花（主治结气痰饮致肋下胀满，消除胸上痰结，痰液粘稠如胶漆。）槐实（止涎唾。）续随子（消除痰饮积聚，通利大小肠。）
【寒痰与风痰】治疗时必须使用生姜（治疗痰嗽，止呕吐。呕吐即是痰邪所致。）细辛（破除寒痰，开通胸中滞塞。）半夏（见上文。）南星（消除风痰湿痹，利胸膈。）浓朴（消痰化气。）天雄（通九窍，利皮肤，消除风痰。）乌头（主治风寒咳逆，消除膈上痰，附子的功效也与此相同。）益智仁（治疗胃受寒邪，止呕哕，摄持涎唾。）威灵仙（去除腹内冷滞心痛、痰饮久积。）神曲（开胃消食，主治胸膈痰逆。）巴豆（破除留饮痰癖。）砒霜（主治各种疟疾风痰在膈膜，可作为催吐药使用。）大麦芽（化食消痰。）莱菔子（治疗喘嗽，研末服用可吐出风痰。）藜芦（主治上膈风痰、暗风痫病。）白芥子（治疗胸膈冷痰，痰在肋下、皮里膜外，非此药不能到达。）
【消克痰积】治疗时必须使用大黄（下泄留痰宿饮。）槟榔（逐水除痰癖。）巴豆、砒霜（见上文。）山楂子（消食积痰。）射干（治疗咳唾、喉痹咽痛，运行太阴厥阴经的积痰，使结核自行消散变小。结核不痛的，属于痰邪。）矾石（消饮止渴，治疗痰壅。）芒硝（下泄痰实痞满。）玄明粉（去除肠胃宿垢，软化积块、消除痰液。）卤咸（消痰，磨碎积块。）硼砂（消痰止咳，破结。）青礞石（治疗食积痰不消化。）蛤粉（坠痰软坚，热痰能降，湿痰能燥，结痰能软，积痰能消。）食盐（吐出胸中痰癖。）瓜蒂（吐出惊痫喉风、痰涎塞壅。）常山（主治温疟胸中痰结吐逆。）
[Hot Phlegm and Deficiency Phlegm] Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix) must be used to treat cough with reverse flow of Qi, eliminate fire-phlegm, and clear the Lungs. Zhi Mu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) [moistens the Lungs, eliminates phlegm, and stops coughing]. Huang Qin (Scutellariae Radix) [purges Lung fire, treats hot phlegm above the diaphragm; since phlegm is caused by fire attacking upwards, this herb is primarily used to descend fire]. Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma) [treats middle jiao hot phlegm, characterized by nausea and a sense of restlessness with desire to vomit; such nausea and desire to vomit indicate the presence of phlegm]. Gualouzi (Trichosanthis Semen) [moistens the Lungs and descends phlegm; when there is phlegm in the chest, it is because the Lungs are forced by fire and have lost their descending function. With sweet,緩, moistening, and descending agents, phlegm will naturally descend. It is a key herb for treating coughing]. Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) [collects pent-up fire from the five zang organs and eliminates hot phlegm]. Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) [descends Lung Qi and eliminates phlegm fluid]. Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) [removes various accumulations of heat-phlegm and firmness, resolves alternating cold and heat, and promotes the renewal of fresh Qi after eliminating stale matter]. Qianhu (Peucedani Radix) [mainly treats fullness and oppression of phlegm in the chest and hypochondrium, alternating cold and heat, promoting renewal]. Yinchenhao (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba) [transforms phlegm, benefits the diaphragm, and moves stagnant Qi]. Baiqian (Cynanchi Stauntonii Rhizoma et Radix) [eliminates phlegm, stops coughing, and stabilizes Lung Qi]. Beimu (Fritillariae Bulbus) [moistens the Heart and Lungs, eliminates phlegm, opens depression, treats abdominal firmness, epigastric fullness, and cough with upward rushing Qi]. Kuandonghua (Farflos Periplocae) [moistens the Heart and Lungs, eliminates phlegm, stops coughing, treats thick and sticky sputum, fei wei (Lung atrophy), and fei yong (Lung abscess)]. Ziwan (Asteris Radix) [treats fei wei with expectoration of pus and blood, eliminates phlegm, and stops coughing]. Madouling (Aristolochiae Fructus) [treats Lung heat cough, phlegm accumulation, and wheezing]. Lancao (Eupatorii Herba) [removes phlegm obstruction in the chest and disperses long-standing accumulated stagnant Qi]. Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) [eliminates phlegm nodules]. Danzhuye (Lophatheri Herba) [mainly treats cough and reverse flow of Qi due to phlegm-heat in the chest]. Sangbaipi (Mori Cortex) [eliminates phlegm and removes water qi in the Lungs]. Zhuli (Phyllostachris Bamboo Sap) [eliminates deficiency phlegm; used when phlegm is abundant, Qi is deficient, and appetite is poor. If phlegm is in the four limbs, only this can open the blockage]. Jingli (Calami Rhizoma processed with bamboo sap) [removes phlegm and vomiting, treats vertigo and dizziness, and a sensation of wanting to vomit from the heart. Suitable for those with abundant phlegm, robust constitution, and good appetite]. Mingku Cha (Camelliae Sinensis Folium, bitter tea) [removes phlegm-heat and thirst-related diseases]. Helile (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus) [drains rebellious Qi, eliminates fire-phlegm, and stops coughing]. Wubeizi (Galla Chinensis) [holding in the mouth is effective for treating stubborn phlegm]. Suzi (Perillae Fructus) [moistens the Heart and Lungs, eliminates phlegm qi]. Wumei (Mume Fructus) [descends Qi and removes phlegm]. Eshi (Bursae Fructus) [treats throat bi, wind-heat phlegm obstruction, and discomfort in the throat and diaphragm].
[Damp Phlegm and Excess Phlegm] Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) must be used [treats spleen-stomach damp phlegm, lethargy and propensity to sleep, clears stomach heat, and eliminates deficiency phlegm]. Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma) [treats damp phlegm and phlegm-fluid forming cyst-like structures]. Fuling (Poria) [eliminates water in the diaphragm, treats fei wei with phlegm obstruction]. Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) [eliminates phlegm fluid, stops vomiting, treats cold phlegm obstruction in the chest, large intestine phlegm-fluid, and jue tou (Jue-yin type headache)]. Zhike (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride) [transforms phlegm fluid, benefits the chest and diaphragm]. Zhishi (Citri Reticulatae Verde Fructus) [mainly treats chest and diaphragm phlegm-pi, drives out stagnation, purges phlegm, with strength capable of breaking through walls]. Jupi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) [removes phlegm-heat between the diaphragm, guides stagnant Qi, removing the white pith allows it to regulate the Lungs and descend phlegm]. Mugua (Chaenomelis Fructus) [descends Qi and reduces phlegm saliva]. Dafupi (Arecae Pericarpium) [descends Qi, treats phlegm obstruction with acid regurgitation]. Tingli (Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae) [treats Lung congestion, cough, reverse flow of Qi, wheezing, and phlegm-fluid]. Gansui (Kansui Radix) [mainly treats retained water-gathering binding in the chest]. Yaohua (Adonidis Flamen) [treats lingering phlegm-fluid and cough]. Chonghua (Adonidis Flamen, variant) [mainly treats cough with wheezing sounds, eliminates chest phlegm-fluid and excessive salivation]. Xuanjinhua (Inulae Flos) [mainly treats constrained Qi and phlegm-fluid causing fullness under the ribs, eliminates upper chest phlegm nodules, sputum sticky like glue or lacquer]. Huaishi (Strobilurus Loranthi) [stops saliva]. Xuisuizi (Euphorbiae Lathyridis Semen) [removes phlegm-fluid accumulation, benefits the two intestines].
[Cold Phlegm and Wind Phlegm] Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) must be used [treats phlegm-cough, stops vomiting. Vomiting indicates the presence of phlegm]. Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) [breaks cold phlegm, opens chest stagnation]. Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma) [see above]. Nanxing (Arisaema Cum Bile) [removes wind-phlegm and damp bi, benefits the chest and diaphragm]. Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) [transforms phlegm and regulates Qi]. Tianxiong (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) [opens the nine orifices, benefits the skin, eliminates wind-phlegm]. Wutou (Aconiti Radix) [mainly treats wind-cold cough and reverse flow of Qi, eliminates phlegm above the diaphragm; Fuzi has similar efficacy]. Yizhiren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus) [treats stomach affected by cold pathogen, stops retching, controls saliva]. Weilingxian (Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma) [removes internal cold stagnation and heart pain, long-standing phlegm-fluid]. Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata) [opens the stomach, aids digestion, mainly treats chest-diaphragm phlegm-rebellion]. Badou (Crotonis Fructus) [breaks retained fluid and phlegm-pi]. Pishuang (Arsenicum Rubrum) [mainly treats various malaria wind-phlegm in the diaphragm, can be used as an emetic]. Dayaimai (Hordei Fructus Germinatus) [transforms food and eliminates phlegm]. Laifuzi (Raphani Semen) [treats wheezing and coughing; taken as powder can induce vomiting of wind-phlegm]. Lilu (Veratri Radix) [mainly treats upper diaphragm wind-phlegm, hidden wind, and epilepsy]. Baijiezi (Sinapis Semen) [treats cold phlegm in the chest and diaphragm; if phlegm is in the hypochondrium or outside the skin and fascia, only this herb can reach it].
[Eliminating and Attacking Phlegm Accumulation] Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) must be used [downward drains retained phlegm and old fluid]. Binglang (Arecae Semen) [drives out water and eliminates phlegm-pi]. Badou (Crotonis Fructus), Pishuang (Arsenicum Rubrum) [see above]. Shanzhazhi (Crataegi Fructus) [transforms food accumulation and phlegm]. Shegan (Belamcandae Rhizoma) [treats cough with expectoration, throat bi, and sore throat; moves accumulated phlegm in the Taiyin and Jueyin meridians, allowing nodules to spontaneously dissipate and shrink. Nodules that do not hurt are phlegm]. Fanshi (Alumen) [transforms fluid, stops thirst, treats phlegm obstruction]. Mangxiao (Natrii Sulfas) [downward drains phlegm-excess and fullness]. Xuanmingfen (Natrii Sulfas Depuratus) [removes intestinal and gastric old filth, softens accumulation and eliminates phlegm]. Luxian (Sal) [eliminates phlegm, grinds down mass formations]. Pengsha (Borax) [eliminates phlegm, stops coughing, breaks nodules]. Qingmengshi (Calaminaris Folium) [treats indigestion due to food accumulation and phlegm]. Gafen (Concha Meretricis et Cyclinae) [drags down phlegm and softens hardness; hot phlegm can be descended, damp phlegm dried, knotted phlegm softened, and accumulated phlegm eliminated]. Yanshi (Sal) [induces vomiting of chest phlegm-pi]. Gudi (Cucumeris Fructus) [induces vomiting of convulsions, wind affecting the throat, and obstructed phlegm-fluid]. Changshan (Dichroae Radix) [mainly treats warm malaria with chest phlegm-nodules and vomiting].