《内经》曰∶粗大者，阴不足，阳有余，为热中也。诸浮不躁者，在阳则为热，其有躁
者，在手。岐伯曰∶脉至而从，按之不鼓，诸阳皆然。（王注云∶病热而脉数，按之不鼓，
乃寒盛格阳而致之，非热也。形证是寒，按之而脉气鼓击于指下盛者，是为热盛拒阴而生
病，非寒也。）
平人气象篇曰∶病热而脉静，泄而脉大，脱血而脉实，病在中。脉虚，病在外。脉
涩坚者，皆难治。大奇论曰∶脉至而搏，血衄，身热者，死。推而内之，外而不内，身有热也。
《脉经》曰∶大热，病气热，脉满，是谓重实；尺寸脉俱虚，是谓重虚。《脉经》阴数
多热，数为热极，数脉为虚为热，数洪，热烦。脉来如悬钩浮为热，滑数，心下结，热盛。紧
而数，寒热俱作。沉细滑疾者热。
脉数盛滑紧者，病在外热；脉沉而紧，上焦有热，下寒。
寸口脉浮大而病者，名曰阳中之阳病，苦烦满，身热，头痛，腹中热。寸口脉实，热
在脾肺。数为吐，为热在胃口。关脉滑数，胃中有客热，缓而滑，为热中。《难经》曰∶病热
之脉，阴阳俱浮，浮之滑，沉之散涩，发热恶寒。脉浮数者，瘟病也。身热，头痛，自汗，
多眠，阳脉浮滑，阴脉濡弱者，风温也。《活人书》云∶中脘有痰，令人憎寒壮热，恶风，
自汗。寸口脉浮，胸痞满，有类伤寒，但头不痛，项不强，为异。热病已得汗，而脉尚躁盛，
此阴脉之极也，死。热病不得汗，而脉躁盛者，此阳脉之极也，死。脉浮而涩，涩而身有
热者，死。
《黄帝内经》说：脉象粗大，是阴气不足、阳气有余，属于热中病。凡是浮取而不躁动的脉象，如果在阳分则表现为热证；如果伴有躁动，则病在手经（阳经）。岐伯说：脉象表现与病情顺从，但重按之下脉搏不鼓指，所有的阳脉都是如此。（王冰注解说：患热病而脉象数急，重按时脉搏不鼓指，这是寒邪极盛格拒阳气所致，并非真正的热证。如果形体症状表现为寒证，但重按时脉气在指下鼓击有力且盛大，这是热邪极盛格拒阴气而发病，并非寒证。）
《素问·平人气象论篇》说：患热病而脉象静缓，腹泻而脉象盛大，失血而脉象实大，这些都属于病在中焦（脏腑），脉象虚弱的，病位在外（经络/体表）。脉象涩而坚硬的，都难以治疗。《素问·大奇论篇》说：脉象来势搏击有力，伴有鼻出血、身体发热的，预后不良（主死）。推按脉象向内深入，若脉气仅浮于外而不能内入，说明身体有发热。
《脉经》说：高热，病气炽热，脉象满实，这叫做“重实”；寸部和尺部脉象都虚弱，这叫做“重虚”。《脉经》指出：阴脉数急多主热，数脉主热极，数脉既主虚也主热，数而洪大的脉象主热烦。脉来像悬挂的钩子一样浮取明显主热，滑数脉主心下部痞结、热盛。紧而数的脉象，主寒热交替发作。沉细滑疾的脉象主热。
脉象数盛、滑利、紧实的，病位在表且有热；脉象沉而紧的，上焦有热，下焦有寒。
寸口脉浮大而患者患病，名叫“阳中之阳病”，痛苦于烦闷胀满、身体发热、头痛、腹中发热。寸口脉实，热在脾肺。脉数主呕吐，主热在胃口。关脉滑数，胃中有客热；脉缓而滑，主热中病。《难经》说：患热病的脉象，阴阳两部都浮，轻取滑利，重取散涩，伴有发热恶寒。脉浮数的，是瘟病。身体发热、头痛、自汗、嗜睡，阳脉浮滑，阴脉濡弱的，是风温病。《活人书》说：中脘部位有痰饮，使人憎寒壮热、恶风、自汗。寸口脉浮，胸膈痞满，症状类似伤寒，只是头部不痛、项背不强，这是不同之处。热病已经出汗，但脉象仍然躁动盛大，这是阴脉衰竭到了极点，主死。热病不出汗，但脉象躁动盛大的，这是阳脉衰竭到了极点，主死。脉浮而涩，涩而身体仍有发热的，主死。
The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: A coarse and large pulse indicates deficiency of Yin and excess of Yang, constituting "Re Zhong" (Heat in the Middle). For all floating pulses that are not restless, if they manifest in the Yang aspect, it indicates Heat; if accompanied by restlessness, the disease is located in the Hand meridians. Qibo stated: When the pulse conforms to the disease but does not beat vigorously upon deep pressure, this applies to all Yang pulses. (Wang Bing's commentary notes: In heat diseases where the pulse is rapid but does not beat vigorously upon deep pressure, this is caused by extreme Cold repelling Yang, not true Heat. Conversely, if the clinical signs indicate Cold, but the pulse qi beats vigorously and strongly under the fingers upon deep pressure, this is caused by extreme Heat repelling Yin, not Cold.)
The *Ping Ren Qi Xiang Pian* (Chapter on Normal People and Pulse-Qi Manifestations) states: In heat diseases with a quiet pulse, in diarrhea with a large pulse, and in blood loss with a solid pulse, these indicate disease in the interior. If the pulse is deficient, the disease is in the exterior. Pulses that are choppy and hard are difficult to treat. The *Da Qi Lun* (Chapter on Extraordinary Paradoxes) states: A pulsating pulse accompanied by epistaxis and body heat indicates death. Pushing the pulse inward, if it remains external and does not enter, it indicates body heat.
The *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) states: High fever with hot pathogenic qi and a full pulse is called "Chong Shi" (Double Excess); deficiency in both the Cun (Inch) and Chi (Cubit) positions is called "Chong Xu" (Double Deficiency). The *Mai Jing* states: Numerous pulses in the Yin position often indicate Heat; a Rapid pulse indicates extreme Heat; a Rapid pulse can indicate both Deficiency and Heat; a Rapid and Surging pulse indicates Heat and vexation. A pulse coming like a suspended hook and floating indicates Heat; a Slippery and Rapid pulse indicates stagnation in the epigastrium and excessive Heat. A Tight and Rapid pulse indicates alternating Chills and Fever. A Deep, Fine, Slippery, and Quick pulse indicates Heat.
A Numerous, Vigorous, Slippery, and Tight pulse indicates Heat in the exterior; a Deep and Tight pulse indicates Heat in the Upper Jiao and Cold in the Lower Jiao.
A Floating and Large pulse at the Cun Kou (Radial Artery) in a patient is named "Yang within Yang Disease," characterized by distress from vexation and fullness, body heat, headache, and heat in the abdomen. A Solid pulse at the Cun Kou indicates Heat in the Spleen and Lung. A Rapid pulse indicates vomiting and Heat at the stomach opening. A Slippery and Rapid pulse at the Guan (Bar) position indicates Guest Heat in the Stomach; a Slow and Slippery pulse indicates Re Zhong (Heat in the Middle). The *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: The pulse in heat diseases shows both Yin and Yang positions as Floating; smooth upon light pressure and scattered/choppy upon deep pressure, accompanied by fever and aversion to cold. A Floating and Rapid pulse indicates Plague Disease. Body heat, headache, spontaneous sweating, and somnolence, with a Floating and Slippery Yang pulse and a Weak and Deficient Yin pulse, indicate Wind-Warmth Disease. The *Huoren Shu* (Book for Saving Lives) states: Phlegm in the Zhong Wan area causes aversion to cold with high fever, aversion to wind, and spontaneous sweating. A Floating pulse at the Cun Kou with chest stuffiness resembles Taiyang Shang Han (Cold Damage), but differs because there is no headache or neck stiffness. If heat disease has sweated but the pulse remains restless and vigorous, this represents the extreme depletion of Yin pulses and indicates death. If heat disease has not sweated but the pulse is restless and vigorous, this represents the extreme depletion of Yang pulses and indicates death. A Floating and Choppy pulse, where the body still has heat, indicates death.