The *Doumen Fang* treats stagnation and obstruction in the chest and diaphragm, aiming to resolve phlegm and open the stomach qi. For injuries caused by alcohol and improper diet, use Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) ground into powder, mixed with Zingiberis Recens Juice (Jiangzhi) to form cakes. Wrap these cakes in wet paper and roast them over slow fire until fragrant and cooked. Take two cups of water, add one cake and five fen of salt, decoct until reduced to one cup, and take warm.

The *Jingyan Fang* treats blooming and obstruction resulting from indigestion due to excessive consumption of cold foods. Use one liang of Halitum (Maya Xiao) quenched [processed], and half sheng of aged Evodiae Fructus (Wuzhuyu), decoct to obtain a concentrated juice. Pour the Halitum into the hot juice and take while warm. If bowel movement does not resume after a long time, administer another dose; recovery will be immediate.

The *Qianjin Fang* treats chest bi syndrome with qi stagnation and fullness, and unfavorable qi flow in the heart and diaphragm. Use two liang of Aurantii Immaturus Fructus (Zhishi), stir-fried with bran and ground into powder. At any time, take two qian, washed down with clear rice soup.

Tang Dynasty physician Wei Di’s *Duxing Fang* treats sudden onset of chest pain that recurs after remission. Use five jin of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus (Xie) root, crush it, extract the juice, and drink it; the pain will stop immediately.

The *Neijing* states: "All cases of abdominal distension and enlargement belong to heat." It also states: "All edema and fullness caused by dampness belong to Spleen Earth." Furthermore: "When Taiyin is affected, it leads to middle jiao fullness, Huoluan (cholera-like disorder), vomiting, and diarrhea." It also says: "Abdominal fullness, distension extending to the hypochondrium, lower extremity coldness (Jue), and upper body confusion/malaise, the pathology lies in Taiyin and Yangming. This is due to the depression and constraint of cold-dampness."

It further states: "All cases of abdominal distension and enlargement, where percussion sounds like a drum, belong to heat." The *Yuanbing Shi* states: "Qi belongs to Yang, Yang manifests as heat; when Qi is excessive, such symptoms occur."

The *Zhenjing* states: "Regarding distension (Zhang), all cases reside outside the zang-fu organs, pressing against the organs, expanding the chest and hypochondrium, and swelling the skin, hence named 'distension'." Or, Jueqi (rebellious qi) resides below, Yingqi (nutritive qi) remains stagnant, Coldqi rebels upward, True qi and Pathogenic qi attack each other, the two qi types contend and combine, thus forming distension.

The *Yin-Yang Yingxiang Lun* states: "If turbid qi stays above, distension occurs. If clear qi stays below, sun-xie (diarrhea with undigested food) occurs. This is the reversal of Yin and Yang, representing the deviation of disease."

I believe that distension and fullness are initially caused by damp-heat, dietary irregularities, and internal injury from fatigue and exhaustion, leading to stagnation of Spleen qi, which is termed distension and fullness. If this accumulation and damage persist for a long time, Spleen qi declines daily, qi stagnates and blood coagulates, gradually becoming immobile. From distension and fullness, it evolves into Drum Distension (Guzhang). Because the exterior is hard and full, yet the interior is hollow with no substance, resembling a drum, it is difficult to treat and commonly known as Single Abdominal Distension. Since the four limbs do not swell, but only the abdomen swells like a drum, this represents the shape of Gu poison formed by the结 (knitting/consolidating) of qi and blood, which cannot be resolved or dispersed. Hence, it is also named "Gu" (Poison/Worm). Blood transforms into worms, and the name is derived from the meaning of the character. The *Shengqi Tongtian Lun* states: "When a disease persists, it transmits and transforms; if the upper and lower [qi mechanisms] do not communicate... even a good physician cannot help. This is what is meant."