额上心证∶赤色者，心经有风热，主心烦惊悸，卧坐不安。青黑色，中有邪，主惊风
腹痛。《宝鉴》云∶心乃中邪，手螈 而啼叫。青黑甚，则心腹痛。微黄色，皮干燥，主盗
汗。头发干，黄燥，主惊疳骨热微渴。
左脸肝证∶赤色身热拘急，肝风热也。青黑主惊或腹痛。浅赤潮热心燥。有一等小儿，
夜间潮热，日中面脸不安，唇红干燥，恐验不真，脉必紧数。
右脸肺证∶赤色身热，浅色潮热，或不便而气粗壅嗽。青白色主咳嗽恶心。青色主风
入肺，时时咳嗽。青黑主惊风欲发，或腹痛，婴儿盘肠内吊。
鼻上脾证∶赤色，身热，不思饮食。深黄色，小便不通。鼻孔干燥气粗，主衄血。
《宝鉴》云∶鼻干喘息，鼻气有声，主衄血，肺热。淡白色主泄泻，食不化。
下颏肾证∶赤色主膀胱热，膀胱与肾为表里，有热则水道不利，小便不通。
印堂证∶青黑色主腹痛、夜啼。《灵秘》云∶印堂青黑，夜啼，如伤风，主头疼不止。
眉上证∶寒主久痢。《灵秘》云∶痢疾眉头皱。王氏云∶眉中心淡白色主泄泻，粪白，
食物不化。
人中证∶《宝鉴》云∶人中左右两边黄，主伤食。人中下青，主乳不化，便清粪白。
《灵秘》云∶人中鼻下俱青，亦主乳食不消。
唇口证∶唇白主吐涎呕逆，亦主吐血便血。唇红赤干燥而皱者，主渴。《灵秘》云∶
渴来唇带赤。唇红赤不皱主口臭，大便不通，夜间心躁不睡。红干而燥主热。王氏云∶口臭
唇黄，脾受积，后必发肿，夜起粪白不化。又曰∶唇口紫吐涎，主虫痛。《飞仙论》云∶唇
口紫不吐涎，是积。《宝鉴》云∶口四畔黄如橘，脾之积热。《千金》云∶唇缬赤主心热，
口舌生疮。《至圣诀》云∶唇红赤主衄血，唇白赤，热，唇口动主惊热。又云∶口滴清水，
欲生重舌，又主口疮。有一等小儿，脾冷流涎，颈下常湿，名曰滞颐，不在此条。钱氏云∶
口频撮气不和，益黄散。又云∶血虚怯，为冷所乘则唇青。孙真人云∶唇青主脾寒，或时腹
疼乳食减少。
舌上证∶舌干、舌白、舌黑、舌燥、舌苔、舌黄、舌赤肿，主便不通，虽通少。焦黄、
舌裂、舌上芒刺，舌上出血，皆热极阳毒也。舌上生疮，心脾热，舌上卷主惊。有久泻痢舌
黑必润，不可以为热。盖久痢上焦虚热，舌黑必润，死不治。
气噎证∶气噎不通，必主惊候。《灵秘》云∶噎饮须知死。叹气、硬气、下气、频呵
欠主惊。
两耳证∶王氏云∶耳前微赤主耳聋，微黄主肾惊。睡中切牙，耳叶干燥主疳，骨蒸热。
面色淡白∶主恶心不食，惊泻。面青白主吐泻。《灵秘》云∶主惊风欲发。王氏云∶
面青唇白主吐奶不化胃
冷。《难经》云∶面白喜嚏，悲愁不乐，只欲哭。
面青黑色∶吐沫者虫痛，不吐沫者食积，亦主惊。《灵秘》云∶主天钓风，面脊，遍身热发
躁，多变痢疾。面青有汗，口内气热，必发钓痛。以上三证出《灵秘》。《宝鉴》云∶面黄
夜卧盗汗，面青白有惊，面青黑或时吐沫者，客忤。面黑青主天钓啼呼凶。
面青脸赤∶主壮热惊搐，面青白黑，往来不定，主心腹痛，发渴无时。《宝鉴》云∶脸
赤面黄白主心疳壮热。《千金》云∶面赤目黄主小便不禁。通真子云∶面青筋急或多嗔闷。
面红赤色∶主伤寒发热，心燥不安。若淡鲜，欲惊发狂。《灵秘》云∶主身热伤寒。
通真子云∶面赤心烦仍喜笑。
面黄脸赤∶主伤寒潮热惊搐，睡卧不安。如肉内微微赤者，主疳食潮热。钱氏云∶心疳面
黄，脸赤身壮热，安神丸主之。
面黄白色∶主疳积，大便不调，夜起，食不消呕逆。《宝鉴》云∶面黄白有积。《灵秘》云∶
面黄白主脾肺有积。通真子云∶面色痿黄，泻利无时。钱氏云∶面 白气发，肚腹疼痛，不思
乳食。
面目皆黄∶是脾热黄胆。《宝鉴》云∶黄胆皆因胃热。钱氏云∶此证多于大病之后，若不
因病而身微黄者，胃热。面黄，肚大脾干。初生婴儿身黄曰胎疸。
头面青筋∶此为欲发惊。因热必作搐，因吐必肚痛。若头面大小青筋如绿绳透起者，急治。
不尔，便发搐，搐则进退难瘥。
非时弄色∶面色不定谓之弄色，面色非时，变易不定者，是胎风，有惊，亦主客忤。
面色或青或白或黑，不定者心腹冷痛。
额头对应心脏的证候：面色发红，是心经有风热，主要表现为心烦、惊悸，坐卧不安。面色青黑，说明中有邪气，主要表现为惊风、腹痛。《宝鉴》记载：心脏受邪，出现手足抽搐并啼叫。若青黑色严重，则导致心腹疼痛。面色微黄，皮肤干燥，表现为盗汗。头发干枯、发黄且燥，表现为惊疳（小儿因营养不良或寄生虫引起的慢性消耗性疾病）、骨蒸潮热及轻微口渴。
左脸颊对应肝脏的证候：面色发红，身体发热且肢体拘挛急迫，是肝经风热所致。面色青黑，主惊风或腹痛。面色浅红伴潮热，心中烦燥。有一类小儿，夜间出现潮热，白天面部不适，嘴唇红而干燥，恐病情验证不确切，脉象必定紧数。
右脸颊对应肺脏的证候：面色发红，身体发热；面色浅红伴潮热，或者大便不通畅且呼吸粗重、咳嗽气壅。面色青白，主咳嗽、恶心。面色发青，主风邪入肺，时时咳嗽。面色青黑，主惊风欲发作，或腹痛，婴儿盘肠内吊（一种婴儿剧烈腹痛的病症）。
鼻部对应脾脏的证候：面色发红，身体发热，不思饮食。深黄色，小便不通。鼻孔干燥且呼吸粗重，主鼻出血（衄血）。《宝鉴》记载：鼻干喘息，鼻中呼吸有声，主鼻出血，属肺热。淡白色主泄泻，食物不消化。
下巴对应肾脏的证候：面色发红，主膀胱热。膀胱与肾互为表里，有热则水道不利，小便不通。
印堂（两眉之间）的证候：面色青黑，主腹痛、夜间啼哭。《灵秘》记载：印堂青黑，夜间啼哭，如同伤风，主头痛不止。
眉毛上方的证候：寒邪主久痢。《灵秘》记载：痢疾患者眉头皱起。王氏记载：眉中心淡白色主泄泻，粪便色白，食物不消化。
人中（鼻下唇上沟槽）的证候：《宝鉴》记载：人中左右两边发黄，主伤食。人中下部发青，主乳食不化，大便清稀色白。《灵秘》记载：人中及鼻下俱青，也主乳食不消。
唇口的证候：唇色白主吐涎沫、呕吐逆气，也主吐血、便血。唇色红赤、干燥且起皱者，主口渴。《灵秘》记载：口渴时嘴唇带红色。唇色红赤但不皱者，主口臭，大便不通，夜间心中烦躁不睡。唇红干而燥主热。王氏记载：口臭、唇黄，是脾受积滞，之后必发肿胀，夜间起来大便色白不消化。又说：唇口紫暗且吐涎沫，主虫痛。《飞仙论》记载：唇口紫暗但不吐涎沫，是积滞。《宝鉴》记载：口周四畔发黄如橘子皮色，是脾之积热。《千金方》记载：唇色红赤如花斑样，主心热，口舌生疮。《至圣诀》记载：唇红赤主鼻出血，唇白赤且热，唇口动主惊热。又说：口滴清水，欲生重舌（双舌），也主口疮。有一类小儿，脾冷流涎，颈下常湿，名叫“滞颐”，不在此条论述范围内。钱氏记载：口频繁撮动，气机不和，用益黄散治疗。又说：血虚体弱，被寒气侵袭则唇青。孙真人记载：唇青主脾寒，有时腹痛，乳食减少。
舌头的证候：舌干、舌白、舌黑、舌燥、舌苔、舌黄、舌赤肿，主大便不通，即使通也量少。焦黄、舌裂、舌上生芒刺、舌上出血，都是热极阳毒的表现。舌上生疮，是心脾热；舌上卷曲主惊风。有长期泄痢导致舌黑但必湿润的，不可当作热证。因为久痢导致上焦虚热，舌黑必润，这是死证，无法治愈。
气噎（气机阻塞）的证候：气噎不通，必主惊风证候。《灵秘》记载：噎饮须知其预后不良。叹气、硬气、下气、频繁打呵欠，主惊风。
两耳的证候：王氏记载：耳前微红主耳聋，微黄主肾惊。睡中磨牙，耳叶干燥主疳积，骨蒸潮热。
面色淡白的证候：主恶心不食，惊泻。面色青白主呕吐泄泻。《灵秘》记载：主惊风欲发作。王氏记载：面青唇白主吐奶不化，胃冷。《难经》记载：面白喜欢打喷嚏，悲伤愁闷不乐，只想哭。
面青黑色的证候：吐沫者是虫痛，不吐沫者是食积，也主惊风。《灵秘》记载：主天钓风（一种小儿惊风病），面脊（背部僵硬），遍身发热烦躁，多变痢疾。面青有汗，口内气热，必发钓痛。以上三种证候出自《灵秘》。《宝鉴》记载：面黄夜间盗汗，面青白有惊风，面青黑有时吐沫者，是客忤（外邪侵犯）。面黑青色主天钓啼呼，凶险。
面青脸赤的证候：主壮热惊搐，面青白黑颜色往来不定，主心腹痛，发渴无定时。《宝鉴》记载：脸赤面黄白主心疳壮热。《千金方》记载：面赤目黄主小便不禁。通真子记载：面青筋急或多怒闷躁。
面红赤色的证候：主伤寒发热，心中烦躁不安。若颜色淡鲜，欲发惊狂。《灵秘》记载：主身热伤寒。通真子记载：面赤心烦仍喜欢笑。
面黄脸赤的证候：主伤寒潮热惊搐，睡卧不安。如果肌肉内微微发红者，主疳食潮热。钱氏记载：心疳面色黄，脸赤身体壮热，用安神丸主治。
面黄白色的证候：主疳积，大便不调，夜间起床，食物不消化呕吐逆气。《宝鉴》记载：面黄白有积滞。《灵秘》记载：面黄白主脾肺有积滞。通真子记载：面色萎黄，泄利无定时。钱氏记载：面黄白气短，肚腹疼痛，不思乳食。
面目皆黄的证候：是脾热黄疸。《宝鉴》记载：黄疸皆因胃热。钱氏记载：此证多于大病之后，若不因病而身体微黄者，是胃热。面黄，肚子大脾干。初生婴儿身体黄叫做胎疸。
头面青筋的证候：这是欲发惊风的征兆。因热必然发生抽搐，因呕吐必然腹痛。如果头面大小青筋如绿绳透起者，需紧急治疗。否则，就会发生抽搐，抽搐则进退难愈。
非时弄色（面色无常）：面色不定叫做弄色，面色在非正常时间变化不定者，是胎风，有惊风，也主客忤。面色或青或白或黑，不定者，是心腹冷痛。
**Forehead (Heart Syndrome):** A red complexion indicates wind-heat in the Heart Meridian, primarily manifesting as mental restlessness, palpitations, and inability to sit or lie comfortably. A blue-black complexion indicates pathogenic factors within, primarily manifesting as convulsive wind and abdominal pain. *Baojian* states: When the Heart is invaded by evil, there is twitching of the hands and feet accompanied by crying. If the blue-black color is severe, it leads to heart and abdominal pain. A slightly yellow complexion with dry skin indicates night sweats. Dry, yellow, and brittle hair indicates infantile malnutrition (*Gan*) with bone-steaming fever and slight thirst.
**Left Cheek (Liver Syndrome):** A red complexion with body heat and limb stiffness indicates liver wind-heat. A blue-black complexion indicates convulsions or abdominal pain. A light red complexion with tidal fever indicates mental irritability. In some children, there is tidal fever at night and facial discomfort during the day, with red and dry lips; the prognosis may be uncertain, but the pulse will likely be tight and rapid.
**Right Cheek (Lung Syndrome):** A red complexion with body heat; a light red complexion with tidal fever, or constipation with coarse breathing and coughing with qi stagnation. A blue-white complexion indicates cough and nausea. A blue complexion indicates wind invading the lungs, causing frequent coughing. A blue-black complexion indicates impending convulsive wind, or abdominal pain, such as "panchang neidiao" (a condition of severe abdominal cramping in infants).
**Nose (Spleen Syndrome):** A red complexion with body heat and loss of appetite. A deep yellow complexion indicates urinary obstruction. Dry nostrils with coarse breathing indicate epistaxis (nosebleed). *Baojian* states: Dry nose with panting and audible nasal breathing indicates epistaxis due to lung heat. A pale white complexion indicates diarrhea and indigestion.
**Chin (Kidney Syndrome):** A red complexion indicates bladder heat. The Bladder and Kidney are exterior-interior partners; heat causes dysfunction of the water passages, leading to urinary obstruction.
**Yintang (Between Eyebrows) Syndrome:** A blue-black complexion indicates abdominal pain and nocturnal crying. *Linmi* states: Blue-black Yintang with nocturnal crying, resembling wind-cold, indicates persistent headache.
**Above Eyebrows Syndrome:** Cold pathogens indicate chronic dysentery. *Linmi* states: Dysentery patients furrow their brows. Wang Shi states: A pale white center above the eyebrows indicates diarrhea with white stool and undigested food.
**Ren Zhong (Philtrum) Syndrome:** *Baojian* states: Yellow on both sides of the Ren Zhong indicates food injury. Cyanosis below the Ren Zhong indicates undigested milk, with clear and white stool. *Linmi* states: Cyanosis below the nose and at the Ren Zhong also indicates undigested milk and food.
**Lips and Mouth Syndrome:** White lips indicate spitting saliva, vomiting, and regurgitation, and also hematemesis and hematochezia. Red, dry, and wrinkled lips indicate thirst. *Linmi* states: Thirst is accompanied by reddish lips. Red lips without wrinkles indicate bad breath, constipation, and nighttime mental restlessness preventing sleep. Red, dry, and parched lips indicate heat. Wang Shi states: Bad breath and yellow lips indicate spleen accumulation, which will later lead to swelling; nocturnal passage of white, undigested stool. It is also said: Purple lips and mouth with spitting saliva indicate worm pain. *Feixian Lun* states: Purple lips and mouth without spitting saliva indicate accumulation. *Baojian* states: Yellow around the four corners of the mouth like an orange peel indicates spleen accumulated heat. *Qianjin Fang* states: Red and mottled lips indicate heart heat and sores in the mouth and tongue. *Zhisheng Jue* states: Red lips indicate epistaxis; white-red lips with heat and movement of the lips and mouth indicate convulsive heat. It is also said: Dripping clear saliva from the mouth indicates impending double tongue (reling) and mouth sores. Some children have cold spleen with salivation and constant wetness under the neck, named "Zhiyi," which is not covered in this section. Qian Shi states: Frequent puckering of the mouth indicates disharmony of qi, treated with Yihuang San. It is also said: Blood deficiency and weakness caused by cold invasion result in cyanotic lips. Sun Taizhen states: Cyanotic lips indicate spleen cold, sometimes abdominal pain, and reduced milk/food intake.
**Tongue Syndrome:** Dry, white, black, parched, coated, yellow, or swollen red tongue indicate constipation, even if bowel movements occur, they are scanty. Scorched yellow, cracked tongue, prickles on the tongue, and bleeding from the tongue all indicate extreme heat and yang toxicity. Sores on the tongue indicate heart and spleen heat; a curled tongue indicates convulsions. In cases of chronic diarrhea/dysentery, a black tongue must be moist; do not mistake it for heat. Because chronic dysentery causes upper jiao deficient heat, a black and moist tongue is a death sign and incurable.
**Qi Obstruction Syndrome:** Qi obstruction indicates convulsive conditions. *Linmi* states: Obstruction and drinking indicate a fatal prognosis. Sighing, rigid qi, descending qi, and frequent yawning indicate convulsions.
**Ears Syndrome:** Wang Shi states: Slight redness in front of the ears indicates deafness; slight yellow indicates kidney fright. Teeth grinding during sleep and dry earlobes indicate *Gan* syndrome and bone-steaming fever.
**Pale White Complexion:** Indicates nausea, anorexia, and convulsive diarrhea. Blue-white complexion indicates vomiting and diarrhea. *Linmi* states: Indicates impending convulsive wind. Wang Shi states: Blue face and white lips indicate undigested milk and cold stomach. *Nanjing* states: Pale face with frequent sneezing, sorrow, and unhappiness, desiring only to cry.
**Blue-Black Complexion:** Spitting foam indicates worm pain; not spitting foam indicates food accumulation, and also indicates fright. *Linmi* states: Indicates Tian Diao wind, stiff back, generalized fever and irritability, often transforming into dysentery. Blue face with sweat and hot breath indicates Diaotong pain. The above three syndromes are from *Linmi*. *Baojian* states: Yellow face with night sweats, blue-white face with fright, and blue-black face with occasional spitting foam indicate Ke Wu (alien influence). Black-blue face with crying and calling is ominous for Tian Diao.
**Blue Face and Red Cheeks:** Indicates high fever and convulsions; fluctuating blue, white, and black colors indicate heart and abdominal pain with intermittent thirst. *Baojian* states: Red cheeks and yellow-white face indicate Heart Gan with high fever. *Qianjin Fang* states: Red face and yellow eyes indicate urinary incontinence. Tong Zhenzi states: Blue face with tense veins or frequent anger/stifling.
**Red Complexion:** Indicates Shaoyang fever and mental restlessness. If pale and bright, it indicates impending convulsive mania. *Linmi* states: Indicates body heat from Shaoyang disease. Tong Zhenzi states: Red face with mental restlessness and tendency to laugh.
**Yellow Face and Red Cheeks:** Indicates Shaoyang tidal fever and convulsions, restless sleep. If the flesh underneath is slightly red, it indicates Gan-food tidal fever. Qian Shi states: Heart Gan with yellow face, red cheeks, and high fever is treated with Anshen Wan.
**Yellow-White Complexion:** Indicates Gan accumulation, irregular bowel movements, nocturnal waking, indigestion, and vomiting. *Baojian* states: Yellow-white face indicates accumulation. *Linmi* states: Yellow-white face indicates spleen and lung accumulation. Tong Zhenzi states: Withered yellow complexion with unregulated diarrhea. Qian Shi states: Yellow-white face with shortness of breath, abdominal pain, and aversion to milk/food.
**Yellow Face and Eyes:** Indicates spleen heat jaundice. *Baojian* states: Jaundice is due to stomach heat. Qian Shi states: This syndrome often occurs after major illnesses; if the body is slightly yellow without illness, it is stomach heat. Yellow face with large abdomen and dry spleen. Neonatal jaundice is called Tai Dan.
**Cyan Veins on Head and Face:** This indicates impending convulsions. Heat causes spasms; vomiting causes abdominal pain. If cyan veins on the head and face rise like green ropes, urgent treatment is required. Otherwise, spasms will occur, making recovery difficult.
**Abnormal Color Changes:** Indeterminate complexion is called "Nongse." Unpredictable changes in complexion indicate fetal wind, fright, and also Ke Wu. Indeterminate colors (blue, white, or black) indicate cold pain in the heart and abdomen.