窃谓臣虽小道，乃寄死生，最要变通，不宜固执。明药、脉、病、治之理；悉望、闻、问、切之情。药
推寒、热、温、凉、平和之气，辛、甘、淡、苦、酸、咸之味，升、降、浮、沉之性，宣、
通、泻、补之能；脉究浮、沉、迟、数、滑、涩之形，表、里、寒，
热、实、虚之应，阿阿嫩柳之和，弦、钩、毛、石之顺。药用君，臣、佐、使，脉分老、幼、瘦、肥。药乃天
地之精，药宜切病，脉者气血之表，脉贵有神。病有外感、内伤，风、寒、暑、热、燥、火之机，治用宣、
通、泻、补、滑、涩、湿、燥、重、轻之剂，外感异乎内伤，寒证不同热证。外感宜泻而内伤宜补，寒证可
温而热证可清。补泻得宜，须臾病愈；清温失度，顷刻人亡。外感风寒，宜分经而解散；内伤饮食，可调胃
以消熔。胃阳主气司纳受，阳常有余；脾阴主血司运化，阴常不足。胃乃六腑之本，脾为五脏之
源。胃气弱则百病生，脾阴足而万邪息。调理脾胃，为医中之王道，节戒饮食，乃却病之良方。病多
寒冷郁气，气郁发热，或出七情动火，火动生痰，有因行脏动静以伤暑邪，或者出入雨水而中
湿气，亦有饮食失调而生湿热，倘或房劳过度以动相火。制伏相火，要滋养其真阴；祛除湿热，须燥
补其脾胃。外湿宜表散，内湿宜淡渗。阳暑可清热，阴暑可散寒。寻火寻痰，分多分少而治；究表究
里，或汗或下而施。痰因火动，治火为先；火因气生，理气为本。治火，轻者可降，重者从其性而升消；理
气，微则宜调，甚则究其源而发散。实火可泻，或泻表而或泻里；虚火宜补，或补阴而或补阳。暴病之谓火，
怪病之谓痰。寒热湿燥风，五痰有异；温清燥润散，五治不同。有因火而生痰；有因痰而生火。或郁久
而成病，或病久而成郁。金、木、水、火、土，五郁当分；泄、折、达、发、夺，五法宜审。郁则生火生痰
而成病，则耗气耗血以致虚。病有微甚，治有逆从。微则逆治，甚则从攻。病有本标，急则治标，缓则
治本。法分攻补，虚而用补，实而用攻，少壮新邪，专攻是则；老衰久病，兼补为规。久病兼补虚而兼解郁，
陈症或荡涤而或销熔。积在胃肠，可下而愈，块居经络，宜消而痊。女人气滞于血，宜开
血而行气；男子阳多乎阴，可补阴以配阳。苁蓉、山药，男子之佳
珍；香附、缩砂，女人之至宝。气病、血病，二者当分；阳虚、阴虚，两般勿紊。阳虚气病，昼重而夜轻；
血病阴虚，昼轻而夜重。阳虚生寒，寒生湿，湿生热；阴虚生火，火生燥，燥生风。阳盛阴
虚则生火，火逼血而错经妄行；阴盛阳虚则生寒，寒滞气而周身浮肿。阳虚畏外寒，阴虚生内热。补阳补气，
用甘温之品；滋阴滋血，以苦寒之流。调气贵用辛凉，和血必须辛热。阳气为阴血之引导，阴血乃阳气之
根据归。阳虚补阳，而阴虚滋阴；气病调气，而血病和血。阴阳两虚，惟补其阳，阳生而阴长；气血俱病，只
调其气，气行而血随。藏冰发冰，以节阳气之燔；滋水养水，以制心火之亢。火降水升，斯人无病，阴平
阳秘，我体常春。小儿纯阳而无阴，老者多气而少血。肥人气虚有痰，宜豁痰而补气；瘦者血虚有
火，可泻火以滋阴。膏粱无厌发痈疽，热燥所使；淡薄不堪生肿胀，寒湿而然。北地耸高，宜清热而润燥；南
方下，可散湿以温寒。病机既明，用药勿忒。以方加减存乎人，要审病而合宜；用
药补泻在于味，须随时而换气。奇、偶、复七方须知，初、中、末三治要察。寒因热用，热因寒用；通因
通用，塞因塞用；高者抑之，下者举之；外者发之，内者夺之。寒则坚凝，热则开行。风能
胜湿，湿能润燥，辛能散结，甘能缓中，淡能利窍，苦以泄逆，酸以收耗，咸以软坚。升降浮沉则顺之，寒
热温凉宜逆也。病有浅深，治有难易。初感风寒，乍伤饮食，一药可愈；旧存 癖，久患
虚劳，万方难疗。复霜之疾亟疗，无妄之药勿试。病若挟虚，宜半攻而半补。医称多术，或用灸而用针，针
有劫病之功，灸获回生之验；针能去气病而作痛，灸则消血 以成形。脏寒虚脱者，治以灸
HT腑；脉病挛痹者，疗以针刺。血实蓄结肿热者，宜以砭石，气壅痿厥寒热者，当仿导引。经络不通，病生于
不仁者，须觅醪醴；血气凝泣，病生于筋脉者，可行熨药。病剽悍者，按而收之；干霍乱者，
刮而行之。医业十三科，宜精一派，病情千万变，仔细推详。姑撮碎言，以陈管见，后之学人，庶达迷津。
我私下认为，医道虽然被视为“小道”，却寄托着人的死生大权，最关键的是要懂得变通，不应当固执己见。必须明了药物、脉象、病症和治疗的基本原理；详尽掌握望、闻、问、切四诊的具体情形。
药物的性质推究其寒、热、温、凉、平和之气，辛、甘、淡、苦、酸、咸之味，升、降、浮、沉之性，以及宣散、通达、泻下、补益的功能；脉象则探究浮、沉、迟、数、滑、涩的形态，以及表、里、寒、热、实、虚的对应关系，如阿阿嫩柳般的柔和之象，弦、钩、毛、石等顺应四时的脉象。用药讲究君、臣、佐、使的配合，诊脉需区分患者是老、幼、瘦、肥的不同体质。药物是天地精华的凝聚，用药必须切合病情；脉象是气血的外在表现，脉象贵在有神气。
疾病分为外感和内伤两类，涉及风、寒、暑、热、燥、火的病机。治疗使用宣、通、泻、补、滑、涩、湿、燥、重、轻等不同性质的方剂。外感与内伤不同，寒证与热证各异。外感适宜用泻法，内伤适宜用补法；寒证可用温法，热证可用清法。补泻得当，片刻之间病愈；清温失度，顷刻之间人亡。外感风寒，应分经论治而解散邪气；内伤饮食，可调理脾胃以消化积滞。胃阳主气，主管受纳，阳气常有余；脾阴主血，主管运化，阴气常不足。胃是六腑的根本，脾是五脏的源头。胃气虚弱则百病丛生，脾阴充足则万邪平息。调理脾胃，是医学中的王道之法；节制饮食，是祛除疾病的良方。
疾病多由寒冷郁结之气引起，气郁则发热，或因七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）动火，火动则生痰；有的因起居动静不当而损伤于暑邪，有的因出入雨水之中而中湿气，也有因饮食失调而生湿热，倘若房劳过度而动相火。制伏相火，关键在于滋养真阴；祛除湿热，必须燥湿并补益脾胃。外湿适宜用汗法发散，内湿适宜用淡渗利湿法。阳暑可清热，阴暑可散寒。寻查火邪与痰浊，根据多少分别施治；探究病位在表在里，或采用汗法或采用下法。痰因火动，治疗以清火为先；火因气生，调理气机为本。治疗火邪，轻者可用降火法，重者顺从其性而用升消法；调理气机，轻微者宜调气，严重者须究其根源而发散。实火可用泻法，或泻表或泻里；虚火宜用补法，或补阴或补阳。突发急病多称为火，怪异难治之病多称为痰。寒、热、湿、燥、风五邪所致之痰各有不同；温、清、燥、润、散五种治法也各不相同。有的因火而生痰，有的因痰而生火。有的郁结日久而成病，有的因病久而导致气机郁结。金、木、水、火、土五郁当分别对待；泄、折、达、发、夺五法宜审慎选择。郁结则生火生痰而成病，病久则耗气耗血以致虚损。病情有轻重之分，治疗有逆从之别。轻症用逆治法，重症用从攻法。病有本标之分，急则治其标，缓则治其本。治法分攻补，虚证用补法，实证用攻法，年少体壮新近感邪，专一用攻法是准则；年老体衰久患重病，兼用补法是规范。久病兼补虚损并兼解郁结，陈年旧症或用荡涤法或用消熔法。积滞在胃肠，可用下法治愈；肿块居于经络，宜用消法痊愈。女子气滞于血，宜活血行气；男子阳多于阴，可补阴以配阳。肉苁蓉、山药，是男子的佳珍；香附、缩砂仁，是女人的至宝。气病与血病，二者应当分清；阳虚与阴虚，两种情况切勿混淆。阳虚导致的气病，白天重夜间轻；血病导致的阴虚，白天轻夜间重。阳虚生寒，寒生湿，湿生热；阴虚生火，火生燥，燥生风。阳盛阴虚则生火，火逼迫血液导致月经错乱妄行；阴盛阳虚则生寒，寒阻滞气机导致周身浮肿。阳虚畏外寒，阴虚生内热。补阳补气，使用甘温的药物；滋阴滋血，使用苦寒的药物。调气贵在用辛凉之品，和血必须用辛热之药。阳气是阴血的引导，阴血是阳气的根基。阳虚补阳，阴虚滋阴；气病调气，血病和血。阴阳两虚，只补其阳，阳生则阴长；气血俱病，只调其气，气行则血随。藏冰发冰，用以节制阳气的燔灼；滋水养水，用以制约心火的亢盛。火降水升，此人便无疾病，阴平阳秘，我的身体常保青春。小儿纯阳而无阴，老者多气而少血。胖人气虚有痰，宜豁痰补气；瘦者血虚有火，可泻火滋阴。嗜食膏粱厚味易发痈疽，这是热燥所致；饮食淡薄不堪易生肿胀，这是寒湿造成。北方地势高耸，宜清热润燥；南方地势低下，可散湿温寒。病机既然明了，用药便不会差错。处方的加减在于医者的人为判断，要审察病情是否合宜；用药的补泻在于药味的选择，须随时令变化而调整气机。奇、偶、复七方必须知晓，初、中、末三阶段的治疗要点要观察清楚。寒因热用，热因寒用；通因通用，塞因塞用；高者抑之，下者举之；外者发之，内者夺之。寒则坚凝，热则开行。风能胜湿，湿能润燥，辛能散结，甘能缓中，淡能利窍，苦以泄逆，酸以收耗，咸以软坚。升降浮沉则顺其性，寒热温凉宜逆其性。病情有浅深之分，治疗有难易之别。初感风寒，乍伤饮食，一药即可痊愈；旧存癖积，久患虚劳，万方难疗。复霜之疾（指陈旧难治之疾）亟需治疗，无妄之药不要尝试。若病兼虚证，宜半攻半补。医家技艺繁多，或用灸或用针，针刺有劫除病邪之功，艾灸获回生之验；针刺能去气病而缓解疼痛，艾灸能消散血瘀以成形体。脏寒虚脱者，用灸法治之；脉病挛痹者，用针刺疗之。血实蓄结肿热者，宜用砭石放血；气壅痿厥寒热者，当仿效导引术。经络不通，病生于麻木不仁者，须觅酒醴（药酒）；血气凝泣，病生于筋脉者，可行熨药疗法。病势剽悍者，按而收之；干霍乱者，刮而行之。医业十三科，宜精通一派；病情千万变，仔细推详。姑且撮录这些零碎之言，以陈述管见，后来的学人，或许能由此通达迷津。
I privately believe that although medicine may seem a minor art, it entrusts life and death. The most crucial aspect is adaptability; one should not be stubborn. One must understand the principles of drugs, pulse, disease, and treatment; and thoroughly grasp the conditions revealed by observation (Wang), listening/smelling (Wen), inquiry (Wen), and palpation (Qie).
Regarding drugs, one deduces their Qi of cold, heat, warm, cool, and neutral nature; their flavors of pungent, sweet, bland, bitter, sour, and salty; their properties of ascending, descending, floating, and sinking; and their abilities to disperse, unblock, purge, and tonify. Regarding pulses, one investigates forms such as superficial (Fu), deep (Chen), slow (Chi), rapid (Shu), slippery (Hua), and choppy (Se); and their correspondence to exterior/interior (Biao/Li), cold/heat, excess/deficiency (Xu/Shi). One observes the harmonious softness like "A-A-Nen-Liu" and the compliance of string-like (Xian), hook-like (Gou), hair-like (Mao), and stone-like (Shi) pulses in accordance with seasons. Drug usage employs Sovereign (Jun), Minister (Chen), Assistant (Zuo), and Envoy (Shi) roles; pulse diagnosis distinguishes between old, young, thin, and fat constitutions. Drugs are the essence of heaven and earth; drug application must fit the disease. Pulses are the manifestation of Qi and Blood; the pulse values spirit (Shen).
Diseases are categorized into external contraction (Wai Gan) and internal injury (Nei Shang), involving mechanisms of wind, cold, summer-heat, heat, dryness, and fire. Treatments utilize agents of dispersing, unblocking, purging, tonifying, lubricating, astringing, dampening, drying, heavy, and light natures. External contractions differ from internal injuries; cold syndromes differ from heat syndromes. External contractions are suitable for purging, while internal injuries are suitable for tonifying; cold syndromes can be warmed, and heat syndromes can be cleared. If tonification and purging are appropriate, the disease heals in an instant; if clearing and warming are mismanaged, death occurs in a moment. For external contraction of wind-cold, one should differentiate meridians and resolve the pathogen; for internal injury from diet, one should regulate the stomach to digest food. Stomach Yang governs Qi and reception; Yang is often in excess. Spleen Yin governs Blood and transformation; Yin is often deficient. The Stomach is the root of the six Fu organs; the Spleen is the source of the five Zang organs. When Stomach Qi is weak, myriad diseases arise; when Spleen Yin is sufficient, myriad pathogens cease. Regulating the Spleen and Stomach is the kingly way of medicine; dietary restraint is the good prescription for dispelling disease.
Diseases often stem from cold stagnation or Qi stagnation leading to fever, or from the Seven Emotions moving fire, which generates phlegm. Some result from improper activity injuring one to summer-heat pathogens; some from exposure to rain and dampness; some from dietary imbalance generating damp-heat; some from excessive sexual activity stirring ministerial fire. To subdue ministerial fire, one must nourish true Yin; to dispel damp-heat, one must dry dampness and tonify the Spleen and Stomach. Exterior dampness is suitable for diaphoresis; interior dampness is suitable for bland leaching. Yang summer-heat is treated by clearing heat; Yin summer-heat is treated by dispersing cold. Investigating fire and phlegm, treatment varies by quantity; investigating exterior and interior, one applies either diaphoresis or purgation. Phlegm moves due to fire; treating fire is primary. Fire arises from Qi; regulating Qi is fundamental. Treating fire: mild cases use descending; severe cases follow its nature to ascend and dissipate. Regulating Qi: slight cases use harmonizing; severe cases investigate the source and disperse. Excess fire is purged, either from the exterior or interior; deficiency fire is tonified, either Yin or Yang. Sudden illness is termed fire; strange illness is termed phlegm. Cold, heat, damp, dryness, and wind produce five different types of phlegm; warmth, clearing, drying, moistening, and dispersing constitute five different treatments. Fire may generate phlegm; phlegm may generate fire. Prolonged stagnation becomes disease; prolonged disease becomes stagnation. The Five Stagnations (Metal, Wood, Water, Fire, Earth) must be differentiated; the Five Methods (draining, breaking, reaching, issuing, seizing) must be carefully considered. Stagnation generates fire and phlegm, becoming disease; stagnation consumes Qi and Blood, leading to deficiency.
Diseases have severity; treatments have counteraction (Ni) and following (Cong). Mild cases use counteraction; severe cases use following attack. Diseases have root (Ben) and branch (Biao); urgent cases treat the branch, chronic cases treat the root. Methods divide into attacking and tonifying: deficiency uses tonification, excess uses attack. Young and strong with new pathogens focus on attacking; old and frail with long-standing disease combine tonification. Long-standing disease combines tonifying deficiency and resolving stagnation; chronic conditions may involve purging accumulation or digesting stagnation. Accumulation in the intestines and stomach can be cured by purgation; masses in the meridians are healed by resolution. Women: Qi stagnation in Blood requires activating Blood to move Qi. Men: Yang exceeds Yin, requiring tonifying Yin to match Yang. Cong Rong (Cistanche Herba) and Shan Yao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) are fine treasures for men; Xiang Fu (Cyperi Rhizoma) and Suo Sha (Amomi Fructus Rotundus) are supreme treasures for women. Qi disease and Blood disease must be distinguished; Yang deficiency and Yin deficiency must not be confused. Yang deficiency Qi disease is heavier by day and lighter by night; Blood disease Yin deficiency is lighter by day and heavier by night. Yang deficiency generates cold, cold generates dampness, dampness generates heat. Yin deficiency generates fire, fire generates dryness, dryness generates wind. Yang excess and Yin deficiency generate fire; fire forces blood causing irregular menstruation. Yin excess and Yang deficiency generate cold; cold stagnates Qi causing generalized edema. Yang deficiency fears exterior cold; Yin deficiency generates interior heat. Tonifying Yang and Qi uses sweet-warm substances; nourishing Yin and Blood uses bitter-cold substances. Regulating Qi values pungent-cool; harmonizing Blood requires pungent-hot. Yang Qi guides Yin Blood; Yin Blood is the foundation of Yang Qi. Yang deficiency tonifies Yang; Yin deficiency tonifies Yin. Qi disease regulates Qi; Blood disease harmonizes Blood. Both Yin and Yang deficiency: only tonify Yang, as Yang generation leads to Yin growth. Both Qi and Blood diseased: only regulate Qi, as Qi movement leads to Blood flow. Store ice and emit ice to control the blazing of Yang Qi; nourish water to restrain the hyperactivity of Heart Fire. When fire descends and water rises, the person is free of disease; when Yin is peaceful and Yang is secret, the body remains youthful.
Children are purely Yang without Yin; the elderly have much Qi but little Blood. Fat people have Qi deficiency with phlegm; resolve phlegm and tonify Qi. Thin people have Blood deficiency with fire; purge fire and nourish Yin. Indulgence in rich foods causes carbuncles and sores due to heat-dryness; inability to endure bland food causes swelling due to cold-dampness. Northern regions are high; clear heat and moisten dryness. Southern regions are low; disperse dampness and warm cold. Once the disease mechanism is clear, do not err in medication. Formula modifications depend on the physician; examine the disease for appropriateness. Drug tonification and purging depend on flavors; adapt to seasonal changes. Know the Seven Formulas (Odd, Even, Compound); observe the Three Treatments (Initial, Middle, Terminal). Treat cold with hot methods, treat hot with cold methods; treat obstruction with unblocking, treat retention with astringing; suppress what is high, elevate what is low; release what is exterior, seize what is interior. Cold causes coagulation; heat causes movement. Wind overcomes dampness; dampness moistens dryness. Pungency disperses knots; sweetness moderates the center; blandness opens orifices; bitterness drains rebellion; sourness collects depletion; saltiness softens hardness. Ascending, descending, floating, and sinking should follow their nature; cold, heat, warm, and cool should oppose their nature. Diseases have depth; treatments have difficulty. Initial wind-cold or sudden dietary injury may be cured by one drug; old accumulations or long-standing consumptive disease are hard to cure with myriad methods. Urgent illnesses require immediate treatment; reckless drugs should not be tried. If disease involves deficiency, half-attack and half-tonify. Medicine has many techniques: moxibustion and acupuncture. Acupuncture has the merit of劫病 (robbing/removing disease); moxibustion has the verification of reviving life. Acupuncture removes Qi disease and stops pain; moxibustion eliminates blood stasis to form structure. Visceral cold and collapse are treated with moxibustion; pulse-related spasms and bi-syndrome are treated with needle insertion. Blood excess with accumulation, swelling, and heat is suitable for Bian Shi (stone lancet); Qi congestion with flaccidity, syncope, cold, and heat should imitate Dao Yin (guiding and pulling). Meridian blockage causing numbness requires wine preparations; Qi and Blood stagnation affecting sinews and vessels allows for herbal compresses. Fierce diseases are controlled by pressing; Gan Huo Luan (dry cholera) is treated by scraping. Medicine divides into thirteen departments; master one school. Disease conditions change thousands of ways; analyze carefully. I briefly collect these fragmented words to present my limited view, hoping future learners may navigate the maze.