张景岳曰∶厥逆之证，危症也。《内经》特重而详言之，如云卒厥、暴厥，皆厥逆之总名；寒厥、热厥，
分厥逆之阴阳；连经、连脏，论厥逆之死生。近世犹有气厥、血厥、痰厥、酒厥、尸厥、脏厥、蛔厥等症。
张仲景亦论伤寒厥之阴阳。然仲景所论伤寒之厥，辨在邪气，故寒厥宜温，热厥宜攻。《内经》之厥重在
元气，故热厥当补阴，寒厥当补阳也。以上症，今悉误认中风，而不知总属非风之证。
一、气厥有二，气虚、气实也。气虚卒倒者，必形气索然，色青白，身微冷，脉微弱，此气脱症也，
宜参、 、归、术、地黄、枸杞、大补元煎，甚者回阳饮、独参汤。气实者形气愤然勃然，脉沉弱而滑，
胸膈喘满，此气逆症也。经曰∶大怒则形气绝而血菀于上。治宜排气饮、四磨饮、八味顺气散、苏合香丸，
先顺其气，然后随其虚实调之。若因怒伤气，逆气旋去，而真气受损。又若素多忧郁恐畏，气怯气陷者，
勿用行气开滞之药。
一、血厥有二，血脱、血逆也。血脱者如大崩大吐，或产血尽脱，气亦随之而脱，故卒仆暴死。宜先
掐人中，或烧醋炭，以收其气。急用人参一二两煎汤灌之，使气不尽脱，必
渐苏矣。然后因其寒热，徐为调理。此血脱益气也。若用血药及寒凉止血者，必死。血逆者，即经云血
之与气并走于上，又云大怒则形气绝而血菀于上之类。夫血因气逆，必先理其气，气行则血无不行。宜
通淤煎、化肝煎，俟血行气舒，然后随症调之。
一、色厥有二，暴脱、动血也。暴脱者，以其人本虚，偶因奇遇，而悉力勉焉；或相慕日久，而纵竭
情欲。故于事毕，则气随精去，暴脱不返。宜急掐人中，仍用阴人搂定，用口相对，务使暖气嘘通，以接
其气，勿令放脱，以保其神，随速用独参汤灌之，或速灸气海数十壮，以复阳气，庶可挽回。又有不即病而
病此者，以精去于频，气脱于渐，每于房欲二三日后，方见此症，人于中年之后，多因病此。是皆所谓色
厥也。治此宜培补命门，或水或火，从宜而补，色厥之血动者，以血气并走于上，与大怒血逆者不同。此因
欲火上炎，故血随气上。必情欲动极，或不能遂，或借酒以强遏其郁火者有之。其症忽尔暴吐，或鼻衄不
止，或厥逆汗出，气喘咳嗽，此皆阴火上冲而然。治此必先制火，以抑其势，消化饮、四阴煎。其有阴竭于
下，火不归原，则无烦热脉症。血厥垂危，非镇阴煎不能救。待其势定，然后因症治之。
一、痰厥症，凡痰壅气闭，宜或吐或开，以治其标。痰气稍开，盒饭治本。如因火者，清之降之；因
风寒者，散之温之；因湿者，燥之利之；因脾虚补脾；因肾虚补肾。治其所以痰，而痰自清矣。然犹有不
可治痰者，愈攻则痰愈多矣。
张景岳说：厥逆这种病证，属于危重病症。《黄帝内经》特别重视并详细论述了它，比如文中提到“卒厥”、“暴厥”，这些都是厥逆的总称；“寒厥”和“热厥”，是用来区分厥逆的阴阳属性；“连经”和“连脏”，是用来判断厥逆患者生死预后的。近代还有气厥、血厥、痰厥、酒厥、尸厥、脏厥、蛔厥等病证。张仲景也论述过伤寒引起的厥逆之阴阳。然而，张仲景所论述的伤寒厥逆，辨析重点在于邪气，所以寒厥适宜用温法，热厥适宜用攻下法。《黄帝内经》中的厥逆重在元气，所以热厥应当补阴，寒厥应当补阳。以上这些病证，现在都被误认为是中风，而不知道它们总归属于非风类的病证。
一、气厥有两种，即气虚和气实。气虚导致的突然昏倒，必定表现为形体气息衰败，面色青白，身体微冷，脉象微弱，这是气脱的病证，适宜用人参、[缺字]、当归、白术、地黄、枸杞、大补元煎，病情严重的用回阳饮、独参汤。气实的患者，形体气势愤怒勃发，脉象沉弱而滑，胸膈部喘促胀满，这是气逆的病证。医经说：“大怒则形体之气断绝，血液郁积于上部。”治疗适宜用排气饮、四磨饮、八味顺气散、苏合香丸，先顺其气，然后根据其虚实情况进行调理。如果是因为愤怒损伤了气机，逆乱之气随即消散，但真气已经受损。又或者平素多忧郁恐惧，导致气怯气陷的患者，不要使用行气破滞的药物。
一、血厥有两种，即血脱和血逆。血脱的情况如同大出血或剧烈呕吐，或者产后失血过多导致气血随之脱失，因此突然仆倒甚至假死。适宜先掐人中穴，或者烧醋炭熏鼻，以收敛其气。紧急时用人参一两至二两煎汤灌服，使气不完全脱失，病人必然会逐渐苏醒。然后根据病人的寒热情况，慢慢进行调理。这是“血脱益气”的方法。如果使用补血药及寒凉止血药，病人必死无疑。血逆的情况，就是医经所说的“血与气并走于上”，以及“大怒则形体之气断绝而血液郁积于上部”之类的情形。因为血随气逆，必须先调理气机，气行则血无不行。适宜用通淤煎、化肝煎，等到血行气舒后，再根据症状进行调理。
一、色厥有两种，即暴脱和动血。暴脱的情况，是因为病人本身体质虚弱，偶然遇到意外喜事，便竭力勉强为之；或者相互爱慕日久，于是放纵竭尽情欲。所以在事情结束后，气随着精液流失，突然脱失而不能恢复。适宜立即掐人中穴，仍然让女性抱住固定，口对口相对，务必使暖气嘘通，以接续其气，不要让气完全放脱，以保全其神志，随后迅速用独参汤灌服，或者迅速艾灸气海穴数十壮，以恢复阳气，或许可以挽回生命。又有不是立即发病而是过后才出现此症的，是因为频繁耗损精气，气逐渐脱失，往往在房事两三天后，才出现这种症状，人到中年之后，多因患此病。这都是所谓的色厥。治疗此症适宜培补命门，无论是补水还是补火，都应根据适宜情况进补。色厥中涉及动血的，是因为血气并走于上，这与大怒导致的血逆不同。这是因为欲火上炎，所以血随气上行。必定是情欲动极，或者欲望不能实现，或者有借酒来强行遏制郁火的情况。其症状忽然暴发吐血，或者鼻出血不止，或者厥逆汗出，气喘咳嗽，这都是阴火上冲所致。治疗此症必须先制伏火势，以抑制其势头，可用消化饮、四阴煎。如果有阴液枯竭于下，火不归原的情况，则没有烦热脉症。此时血厥垂危，非镇阴煎不能救治。等到病势稳定后，再根据症状进行治疗。
一、痰厥病证，凡是痰壅气闭的，适宜采用催吐或开窍的方法，以治其标。痰气稍微通畅后，就应当治本。如果是因火引起的，就清热降火；因风寒引起的，就发散温散；因湿引起的，就燥湿利湿；因脾虚引起的就补脾；因肾虚引起的就补肾。治疗产生痰的原因，痰自然就会清除。然而还有不可直接治痰的情况，越攻伐痰邪，痰反而越多。
Zhang Jingyue stated: The syndrome of Jue Ni (Jue-Ni, a critical condition characterized by cold limbs and loss of consciousness) is a critical illness. The *Neijing* (Classic of Internal Medicine) places special emphasis on it and discusses it in detail. For instance, it mentions "Cu Jue" (Sudden Jue) and "Bao Jue" (Violent Jue), which are general terms for Jue Ni; "Han Jue" (Cold Jue) and "Re Jue" (Hot Jue) differentiate the Yin and Yang aspects of Jue Ni; "Lian Jing" (Meridian Involvement) and "Lian Zang" (Organ Involvement) discuss the prognosis of life and death in Jue Ni. In recent times, there are also syndromes such as Qi Jue (Qi Jue), Xue Jue (Blood Jue), Tan Jue (Phlegm Jue), Jiu Jue (Alcohol Jue), Shi Jue (Corpse Jue), Zang Jue (Viscera Jue), and Hui Jue (Roundworm Jue). Zhang Zhongjing also discussed the Yin and Yang of Jue caused by Shang Han (Cold Damage). However, Zhang Zhongjing's discussion of Shang Han Jue focuses on distinguishing pathogenic factors; therefore, Han Jue is suitable for warming methods, and Re Jue is suitable for purging methods. The *Neijing*'s discussion of Jue emphasizes Yuan Qi (Primal Qi); thus, Re Jue should be treated by nourishing Yin, and Han Jue by tonifying Yang. All the above syndromes are currently mistaken for Feng Zhong (Wind Stroke), without realizing that they all belong to non-wind syndromes.
1. There are two types of Qi Jue: Qi Xu (Qi Deficiency) and Qi Shi (Qi Excess). When sudden collapse occurs due to Qi Xu, the patient invariably exhibits depleted physical energy, cyanotic or pale complexion, slight body coldness, and a weak and faint pulse. This is a syndrome of Qi Tuo (Qi Collapse). It is suitable to use Ren Shen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), [missing character], Dang Gui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Bai Zhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Di Huang (Rehmanniae Radix), Gou Qi Zi (Lycii Fructus), Da Bu Yuan Jian (Great Tonification Decoction), and for severe cases, Hui Yang Yin (Decoction to Restore Yang) or Du Shen Tang (Single Ginseng Decoction). For Qi Shi patients, the physical demeanor shows angry and vigorous Qi, the pulse is deep, weak, and slippery, with wheezing and fullness in the chest and diaphragm. This is a syndrome of Qi Ni (Qi Rebellion). The Classics state: "Great anger causes the form and Qi to sever, and blood stagnates in the upper part." Treatment should prioritize using Pai Qi Yin (Qi-Dispersing Decoction), Si Mo Yin (Four-Mortar Decoction), Ba Wei Shun Qi San (Eight-Ingredient Qi-Soothing Powder), or Su He Xiang Wan (Styrax Pill) to first smooth the Qi, and then regulate according to deficiency or excess. If anger damages the Qi mechanism, the rebellious Qi dissipates quickly, but the True Qi is damaged. Furthermore, for those who are prone to melancholy and fear, leading to timid and sinking Qi, one must not use Qi-moving and stagnation-breaking herbs.
2. There are two types of Xue Jue: Xue Tuo (Blood Collapse) and Xue Ni (Blood Rebellion). Xue Tuo occurs like massive hemorrhage or severe vomiting, or after childbirth when blood loss is complete, causing Qi to follow and collapse, resulting in sudden falling and apparent death. One should first press the Ren Zhong acupoint (GV26) or burn vinegar-soaked charcoal to inhale the fumes to gather the Qi. Urgently administer one or two liang of Ren Shen decoction to灌 (irrigate/administer) so that Qi does not completely collapse, and the patient will gradually revive. Then, adjust slowly according to cold or heat. This is the method of "Tonifying Qi for Blood Collapse." If blood-nourishing herbs and cold-cooling hemostatics are used, the patient will certainly die. Xue Ni refers to what the Classics say: "Blood and Qi move together to the upper part," and "Great anger causes the form and Qi to sever, and blood stagnates in the upper part." Since blood follows Qi rebellion, one must first regulate the Qi; when Qi moves, blood will flow without obstruction. It is suitable to use Tong Yu Jian (Stasis-Unblocking Decoction) or Hua Gan Jian (Liver-Transforming Decoction). Wait until blood flows and Qi relaxes, then treat according to symptoms.
3. There are two types of Se Jue (Sexual Jue): Bao Tuo (Sudden Collapse) and Dong Xue (Blood Movement). Bao Tuo occurs because the person is originally deficient, and occasionally encounters unexpected joyful events, striving excessively; or has loved each other for a long time, indulging in sexual desires to exhaustion. Thus, after the act, Qi leaves with the essence, causing sudden collapse that cannot return. One should immediately press Ren Zhong (GV26), keep the female partner holding firmly, face-to-face, ensuring warm breath passes through to reconnect the Qi, preventing total loss to preserve the Shen (Spirit). Quickly administer Du Shen Tang (Single Ginseng Decoction), or moxa Qihai (CV6) for dozens of moxibustion units to restore Yang Qi, hopefully saving the life. There are also cases where the disease does not appear immediately but develops later, due to frequent essence depletion and gradual Qi collapse. This often appears two or three days after sexual activity, and people after middle age are prone to this. These are all called Se Jue. Treatment should focus on tonifying Ming Men (Gate of Life), whether tonifying Water or Fire, according to appropriateness. For Se Jue involving blood movement, since Qi and Blood move together to the upper part, it differs from blood rebellion due to great anger. This is due to Desire Fire flaming upward, so blood follows Qi upward. This happens when desire is extreme, unfulfilled, or suppressed by alcohol. Symptoms include sudden violent hematemesis, persistent epistaxis, Jue Ni with sweating, wheezing, and coughing. These are all caused by Yin Fire rushing upward. Treatment must first control the fire to suppress its momentum, using Xiao Hua Yin (Digestion-Decoction) or Si Yin Jian (Four-Yin Decoction). If there is Yin exhaustion below and Fire not returning to its source, there will be no irritability or heat-related pulse/symptoms. In critical Xue Jue, only Zhen Yin Jian (Yin-Stabilizing Decoction) can save the patient. After the condition stabilizes, treat according to symptoms.
4. For Tan Jue (Phlegm Jue) syndrome, where Phlegm obstructs and Qi closes, one should use emetics or opening-orifice methods to treat the branch symptom. Once Phlegm-Qi is slightly opened, treat the root cause. If caused by Fire, clear and descend it; if caused by Wind-Cold, disperse and warm it; if caused by Dampness, dry and promote diuresis; if caused by Pi Xu (Spleen Deficiency), tonify the Spleen; if caused by Shen Xu (Kidney Deficiency), tonify the Kidney. Treat the cause of the Phlegm, and the Phlegm will clear itself. However, there are cases where treating Phlegm directly is contraindicated; attacking it too aggressively will only increase Phlegm production.