无毒。主治胃痹，心腹痛，结热，邪气，头痛，皮间邪热，安五脏，补中。一名苦心
一名志取，一名虎须，一名白参，一名识美，一名文希。生河内及宛朐、般阳续山。二月
八月采根，曝干。（恶防己，反藜芦。）
《本经》原文∶沙参，味苦，微寒。主血积惊气，除寒热，补中益肺气。久服利人。一
名知母。生川谷。
无毒。养肝胆气，安五脏，定志，益精，利九窍，除伏热，肠 ，止渴，醒酒，小便
赤，治恶疮，下部慝，平胃气，令人嗜食，轻身。一名地槐，一名菟槐，一名骄槐，一名
茎，一名虎麻，一名岑茎，一名禄白，一名陵郎。生汝南及田野。三月、八月、十月采根
曝干。（玄参为之使，恶贝母、漏芦、菟丝，反藜芦。）
《本经》原文∶苦参，味苦，寒。主心腹结气，症瘕积聚，黄胆，溺有余沥，逐水，除
痈肿，补中，明目止
味辛，无毒。主治崩中漏血，金疮血内漏，止痛，生肌肉，及 伤、恶血、腰痛，关
节缓急。一名接骨，一名南草，一名槐。生常山。七月、八月采，阴干。（地黄为之使，恶
雷丸。）
《本经》原文∶续断，味苦，微温。主伤寒，补不足，金创痈伤折跌，续筋骨，妇人乳
难。久服益气力。一
味酸，微寒，无毒。主除胸胁淡癖，逐停水，破结实，消胀满、心下急、痞痛、逆气
胁风痛，安胃气、止溏泄，明目。生河内。九月、十月采，阴干。
《本经》原文∶枳实，味苦，寒。主大风在皮肤中，如麻豆苦痒，除寒热结，止利，长
肌肉，利五脏，益气
【沙参】
药性无毒。主要治疗胃腑气机阻滞（胃痹），心腹部疼痛，体内郁结的热邪，外来的邪气，头痛，皮肤间的邪热，安定五脏，补益中焦脾胃。别名有苦心、志取、虎须、白参、识美、文希。产于河内以及宛朐、般阳续山等地。在二月和八月采集根部，晒干。（忌与防己同用，与藜芦相反。）
《神农本草经》原文记载：沙参，味苦，性微寒。主治血积、惊悸气乱，去除寒热症状，补益中焦，增益肺气。长期服用对人体有利。别名知母。产于山川河谷。
【苦参】
药性无毒。滋养肝胆之气，安定五脏，定志安神，补益精髓，通利九窍，去除潜伏的热邪，治疗肠风下血，止渴，解酒毒，治疗小便赤涩，治疗恶疮，治疗下部隐疾，调和胃气，使人食欲增加，使身体轻健。别名有地槐、菟槐、骄槐、茎、虎麻、岑茎、禄白、陵郎。产于汝南及田野之地。在三月、八月、十月采集根部，晒干。（玄参为其引经药/辅佐药，忌与贝母、漏芦、菟丝子同用，与藜芦相反。）
《神农本草经》原文记载：苦参，味苦，性寒。主治心腹结气、症瘕积聚、黄疸、小便淋漓不尽，逐除水饮，去除痈肿，补益中焦，明目止痢。
【续断】
药性味辛，无毒。主要治疗妇女崩中漏血，金创出血内漏，止痛，促进肌肉生长，以及跌打损伤、恶血停滞、腰痛、关节拘急僵硬。别名有接骨、南草、槐。产于常山。在七月、八月采集，阴干。（地黄为其引经药/辅佐药，忌与雷丸同用。）
《神农本草经》原文记载：续断，味苦，性微温。主治伤寒，补益不足，治疗金创痈伤骨折，接续筋骨，治疗妇人乳汁难下。长期服用可益气力。
【枳实】
药性味酸，微寒，无毒。主要去除胸胁部的淡癖（痰饮积聚），逐除停聚的水饮，破除结实，消除胀满、心下急迫、痞痛、逆气、胁肋风痛，安定胃气，止住溏泄，明目。产于河内。在九月、十月采集，阴干。
《神农本草经》原文记载：枳实，味苦，性寒。主治大风邪气在皮肤中，如麻豆般苦痒，去除寒热结聚，止住痢疾，促进肌肉生长，通利五脏，益气。
[Sha Shen (Adenophorae Radix)]
Non-toxic. Primarily treats Wei Bi (stomach qi stagnation), abdominal pain, internal heat accumulation, pathogenic factors, headache, pathogenic heat in the skin, calms the five Zang organs, and tonifies the Middle Jiao. Also known as Ku Xin, Zhi Qu, Hu Xu, Bai Shen, Shi Mei, Wen Xi. Grows in Henei, Wanqu, and Banyang Xushan. Roots are harvested in February and August and sun-dried. (Incompatible with Fang Ji; contrary to Li Lu.)
*Shennong Bencao Jing* original text: Sha Shen, bitter flavor, slightly cold. Treats blood accumulation, palpitations due to qi disorder, eliminates chills and fever, tonifies the Middle, and benefits Lung Qi. Long-term use is beneficial to the person. Also known as Zhi Mu. Grows in river valleys.
[Ku Shen (Sophorae Flavescentis Radix)]
Non-toxic. Nourishes Liver and Gallbladder Qi, calms the five Zang organs, stabilizes the mind, benefits essence, unblocks the nine orifices, removes latent heat, treats intestinal wind bleeding, stops thirst, resolves alcohol toxicity, treats red urine, treats malignant sores, treats hidden diseases of the lower body, harmonizes Stomach Qi, increases appetite, and lightens the body. Also known as Di Huai, Tu Huai, Jiao Huai, Jing, Hu Ma, Cen Jing, Lu Bai, Ling Lang. Grows in Runan and fields. Roots are harvested in March, August, and October and sun-dried. (Xuan Shen acts as its assistant; incompatible with Bei Mu, Lou Lu, Tu Si; contrary to Li Lu.)
*Shennong Bencao Jing* original text: Ku Shen, bitter flavor, cold. Treats heart and abdominal qi knotting, mass accumulations, jaundice, dribbling urination, expels water, removes carbuncles and swellings, tonifies the Middle, brightens the eyes, and stops dysentery.
[Xu Duan (Dipsaci Radix)]
Pungent flavor, non-toxic. Primarily treats uterine bleeding and spotting, internal leakage from traumatic wounds, stops pain, promotes muscle regeneration, and treats injuries, stasis, lower back pain, and joint stiffness. Also known as Jie Gu, Nan Cao, Huai. Grows in Changshan. Harvested in July and August and dried in shade. (Di Huang acts as its assistant; incompatible with Lei Wan.)
*Shennong Bencao Jing* original text: Xu Duan, bitter flavor, slightly warm. Treats Shang Han, tonifies deficiencies, treats traumatic wounds, carbuncles, fractures, and dislocations, reconnects sinews and bones, and treats difficulty in lactation for women. Long-term use boosts Qi and strength.
[Zhi Shi (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus)]
Sour flavor, slightly cold, non-toxic. Primarily eliminates mild phlegm-fluid retention in the chest and hypochondrium, expels stagnant fluids, breaks up solid accumulations, reduces distension and fullness, treats epigastric urgency,痞 pain (obstructive pain), rebellious Qi, hypochondriac wind-pain, calms Stomach Qi, stops loose stools, and brightens the eyes. Grows in Henei. Harvested in September and October and dried in shade.
*Shennong Bencao Jing* original text: Zhi Shi, bitter flavor, cold. Treats severe wind pathogens in the skin causing itching like mustard seeds, eliminates heat and cold knots, stops diarrhea, promotes muscle growth, unblocks the five Zang organs, and benefits Qi.