喉有二孔，左为咽，属胃（纳食之关。）右为喉、属肺
（纳气之关。）口内上 属胃（阴分），下 属脾（阳分），舌之中心属
心，四围属脾，舌根亦属心经，小舌名帝丁属胃。
喉之左右通舌根者肝经，外两耳垂下肝经。舌白苔属
寒，黄苔者属热，如焦黄者热甚，黑者热之极。凡舌
苔不论黄焦黑，以指摸之而滑有津者，非真热也，不
可一味凉药，用八味丸引火归原之法。大舌边红，脾
之火也，可用清凉之剂。喉痈地位属肝，再进内寸许，
或烂或肿，俱属脾胃火毒之症。结毒者亦有之，但两
关脉浮者，非结毒也，沉者为真。此乃分经之大略，若
喉舌诸症，另后分形，细查无谬。
（共十四条）
凡治毒症之法，须看其气血壮盛者，多服凉药不
妨。如气血衰弱者，凉药不可多用，多则气血愈衰，
即用十八味神药为妥。
凡治喉中红肿者，须视或痈、或蛾，认症不真不
可下他药。先用六味汤一服，吹金不换。然后查清，
加减可也，切不可轻易加减。急者先针患上出血亦可。
凡帝丁在咽喉当中，为人一身之主宰，动刀针时
切宜防犯，犯则血出不止。痼肿极难治也。
凡夜深看症，须得细照，再三推详。如见症不真，
不可轻用刀针，乱投药石，先服六味汤一帖，令患者
漱吃，以俟天明再看。
凡看症或病者痛肿，口不能开，吹药不得者，灸
颊车穴三、五壮，或用通关散吹鼻内，或煎水灌于鼻
中亦可，令病者连连咽下，开口为度。
凡针舌下两边青筋，血出鲜者易治，成块黑者死。
若痰血热结于胸中，连服凉膈散，消痰解毒为妙。
凡诸药料，必须拣道地者预备，俱为细末，临期
急用，将白滚水泡一刻，去渣，频漱咽下为度。如煎，
不可多煎，数滚为准，多煎则不效矣。
凡每年有时疫喉风，俗名鳗鲤瘟。两腮肿胀，沿
街遍巷有一门传染者，此症乃少阳经之患。用六味汤
加苏叶、羌活、牛蒡、柴胡各一钱，服之可愈。如一
门人多，用十服之料，煎一大锅，每人分吃。
凡针必须以银打就，细如大引针，头上一粒如菜
子样，略凿一小缺。有用针头灸之法，取其易放艾员耳。
凡艾要陈者为妙，员如小绿豆大，置于针头缺
处，以香燃之灸，或多少不一，看症之轻重耳。（此为针
头灸。）
凡喉枪不可用钢阔头长大者。近来病患多畏用手
法，况喉间地步窄侧，如动手之时，病者或摇头退缩，
恐伤他处。必要或铜，或金银，外打一小筒，中藏利
刃，收放在手，捺出则锋露，收之则藏，不伤别处矣。
凡针身、首、四肢之穴必用细针，惟十指五穴，可
用三棱针针之，以血多为妙。
凡看症，若病者以舌叠起，则不见喉间矣。必须
以物压之，则舌不叠起矣。或骨，或牙，或角皆可，压舌之具。
凡治应病方药，必须根据此分量，不可因药味太
重，以大黄等为峻利，心生疑忌，不敢服之。余存心
济世，决不用重剂误人。古云∶有病则病当之，岂有
害于患者哉。更不可轻听人之言，反误其事。惜乎！
咽喉有两个孔道，左侧为咽，归属于胃（是饮食进入的关口）；右侧为喉，归属于肺（是呼吸气息的关口）。口腔内部上方归属于胃（属阴分），下方归属于脾（属阳分）；舌头的中心归属于心，四周归属于脾，舌根也归属于心经，小舌名为帝丁，归属于胃。
喉咙左右两侧连通舌根的经络是肝经，外耳垂下方的经络也是肝经。舌苔发白属于寒证，发黄属于热证，如果焦黄则热势严重，发黑则是热极的表现。凡是舌苔不论黄、焦、黑，用手指触摸感觉滑润有津液的，并非真正的热证，不可一味使用凉药，应采用八味丸引火归原的方法。舌头肿大且边缘发红，是脾的火邪所致，可以使用清凉的药剂。喉痈的部位归属于肝，再向内进一寸左右，无论是溃烂还是肿胀，都属于脾胃火毒的病症。结毒病也有这种情况，但如果两关脉象浮起的，不是结毒，脉象沉实的才是真结毒。这是分经辨证的大略原则，至于喉舌各种病症，另外在后面按形态分类，仔细查验就不会出错。
（共十四条）
凡是治疗毒症的方法，必须观察患者气血是否壮盛。气血壮盛的，多服凉药无妨。如果气血衰弱，凉药不可多用，用多了会使气血更加衰弱，此时使用十八味神药较为妥当。
凡是治疗喉咙红肿的，必须辨别是痈还是蛾，如果辨认症状不确切，不可施用其他药物。先服用一剂六味汤，然后吹入金不换药粉。之后查清病情，再进行加减调整即可，切不可轻易随意加减。急症可以先针刺患处使其出血。
凡是帝丁位于咽喉正中，是人体一身的主宰，动刀针时务必防止误伤，一旦误伤会导致血流不止，造成顽固性肿胀，极难治愈。
凡是深夜诊察病症，必须借助细密的照明，反复推敲详查。如果看到的症状不真切，不可轻率使用刀针或乱投药物，应先让患者服用一帖六味汤漱口并咽下，等待天亮后再行查看。
凡是诊察病症，或者患者疼痛肿胀导致口不能张开，无法吹药的，可以灸颊车穴三至五壮，或者用通关散吹入鼻内，或者煎水灌入鼻中也可以，让患者连连吞咽，以能张口为度。
凡是针刺舌下两边的青筋，如果流出的血颜色鲜红则容易治疗，如果结成块状且发黑则预后不良（死证）。如果痰血热邪结聚于胸中，连续服用凉膈散，消除痰浊、解毒为妙。
凡是各种药材，必须挑选地道优质的预备好，都研磨成细末，临用时急需取用，用白色的开水浸泡一刻钟，滤去药渣，频繁漱口后咽下为止。如果是煎煮，不可久煎，以煮沸数次为准，久煎则药效不佳。
凡是每年有时行疫病喉风，俗名鳗鲤瘟。表现为两腮肿胀，沿街遍巷有一家传染的现象，此症属于少阳经的病变。使用六味汤加上苏叶、羌活、牛蒡子、柴胡各一钱，服用后可痊愈。如果一家多人患病，可用十份的药料，煎一大锅，每人分服。
凡是针刺必须用银制成，粗细如同大引针，针头有一粒如菜籽大小的样子，略微凿出一个小缺口。有用针头灸的方法，是为了方便放置艾绒的缘故。
凡是艾绒要用陈年的为好，形状如小绿豆大小，放置在针头缺口处，用香点燃进行艾灸，灸的壮数多少不一，视病症轻重而定。（这称为针头灸。）
凡是治疗喉枪（喉部急性化脓性炎症），不可使用钢制的宽头长针。近来患者多畏惧手法操作，况且喉间空间狭窄，如果在动手时，患者摇头退缩，恐怕会伤及其他部位。一定要用铜，或者金银制作，外部打制一个小筒，中间藏有利刃，收在手中，按压出来则锋刃露出，收回则隐藏，不会伤及别处。
凡是针刺身体、头部、四肢的穴位必须用细针，只有十指的五个穴位，可以用三棱针针刺，以放出较多血液为妙。
凡是诊察病症，如果患者舌头卷叠起来，就看不见喉间了。必须用物体压住舌头，使舌头不再卷叠。可以用骨头、牙齿或角等作为压舌的工具。
凡是治疗对应病症的方药，必须依据此处的分量，不可因为药味太重，比如大黄等峻烈之品，而心生疑忌，不敢服用。我存心济世，决不用重剂误导人。古话说：有病则病当之，难道会对患者有害吗？更不可轻信旁人的言论，反而耽误事情。可惜啊！
The throat and pharynx have two openings: the left is the pharynx (Yan), belonging to the Stomach (the gateway for food intake); the right is the larynx (Hou), belonging to the Lung (the gateway for breath). Inside the mouth, the upper part belongs to the Stomach (Yin aspect), and the lower part belongs to the Spleen (Yang aspect). The center of the tongue belongs to the Heart, its periphery belongs to the Spleen, and the root of the tongue also belongs to the Heart meridian. The uvula, named "Diding," belongs to the Stomach.
The pathways connecting the left and right sides of the larynx to the root of the tongue are the Liver meridian; the area below the earlobes externally is also related to the Liver meridian. A white tongue coating indicates Cold syndrome; a yellow coating indicates Heat syndrome. If it is scorched yellow, the heat is severe; if black, the heat is extreme. Regardless of whether the tongue coating is yellow, scorched, or black, if it feels slippery and moist to the touch, it is not true Heat. One should not blindly use cooling herbs but instead employ the method of Ba Wei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia) to guide fire back to its source. An enlarged tongue with red edges indicates Fire of the Spleen, which can be treated with cooling agents. The location of a throat abscess (Hou Yong) belongs to the Liver. Moving inward about one cun, whether there is ulceration or swelling, it belongs to Fire-Toxin of the Stomach and Spleen. Jie Du (Syphilitic toxin or similar chronic toxic accumulation) may also present this way, but if the Guan pulse (radial pulse at the wrist corresponding to the Kidney/Liver/Spleen) is floating, it is not Jie Du; a sinking pulse indicates the true condition. This is a general overview of meridian differentiation. For various throat and tongue conditions, refer to the subsequent sections for morphological classification and careful examination to avoid errors.
(There are fourteen articles in total.)
When treating toxic diseases, one must assess whether the patient's Qi and Blood are robust. If Qi and Blood are strong, taking more cooling medicines is acceptable. However, if Qi and Blood are weak, cooling medicines should not be used excessively, as they will further deplete Qi and Blood; in such cases, using Shi Ba Wei Shen Yao (Eighteen-Ingredient Divine Medicine) is appropriate.
When treating redness and swelling in the throat, one must distinguish between an abscess (Yong) and tonsillitis/ulceration (E). If the symptoms are not clearly identified, do not administer other medications. First, administer one dose of Liu Wei Tang (Six-Ingredient Decoction), then insufflate Jin Bu Huan (Golden Unchanging Powder). After clarifying the condition, adjustments can be made. Do not change the prescription lightly or arbitrarily. In acute cases, pricking the affected area to release blood is also effective.
The Diding (uvula) is located in the center of the throat and serves as the master of the entire body. When using knives or needles, one must be extremely cautious not to injure it. Injury may lead to uncontrollable bleeding and stubborn swelling, which is very difficult to treat.
When examining symptoms at night, adequate illumination is required, and the case must be analyzed repeatedly. If the symptoms are not clearly visible, do not rashly use knives, needles, or random medications. Instead, have the patient take one dose of Liu Wei Tang (Six-Ingredient Decoction), gargle, and swallow, waiting until dawn to re-examine.
When examining patients who have painful swelling preventing them from opening their mouths or receiving insufflated medicine, moxa moxibustion can be applied to Jiache (ST6, Jawbone) acupoint for three to five moxa cones. Alternatively, Tong Guan San (Pass-the-Gate Powder) can be insufflated into the nose, or decocted water can be poured into the nose. The goal is for the patient to swallow repeatedly until the mouth opens.
When pricking the blue veins on both sides under the tongue, fresh blood indicates an easy-to-treat condition, whereas clotted black blood indicates a fatal prognosis. If phlegm, blood, and heat toxins are knotted in the chest, continuously administering Liang Ge San (Cooling the Diaphragm Powder) to resolve phlegm and detoxify is excellent.
All medicinal materials must be selected for their authentic origin and quality, ground into fine powders, and prepared for immediate use. Soak in boiling white water for one quarter-hour, filter out the dregs, and frequently gargle and swallow until finished. If decocting, do not boil for too long; a few boils are sufficient. Over-boiling reduces efficacy.
During annual epidemics of throat wind (Hou Feng), commonly known as Man Li Wen (Eel Carp Plague), characterized by swollen cheeks and contagious spread within neighborhoods, the condition belongs to the Shaoyang meridian. Use Liu Wei Tang (Six-Ingredient Decoction) supplemented with Zi Ye (Perilla Leaf), Qiang Huo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Niu Bang Zi (Arctii Fructus), and Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix), each one qian. This can cure the disease. If multiple family members are infected, prepare ten doses, decoct in a large pot, and distribute to each person.
Needles must be made of silver, thin like a large guiding needle, with a head size resembling a mustard seed, slightly chiseled with a small notch. There is a method of needle-moxibustion, designed to facilitate the placement of moxa cones.
Old moxa is superior. Shape it into cones the size of small mung beans, place them in the notch of the needle head, ignite with incense for moxibustion. The number of cones varies depending on the severity of the condition. (This is called needle-head moxibustion.)
For treating Hou Qiang (acute throat inflammation/abscess), do not use wide-headed, long steel needles. Recently, patients often fear manual manipulation. Moreover, the space in the throat is narrow; if the patient moves their head or shrinks back during the procedure, other areas might be injured. It is necessary to use copper, gold, or silver, fabricated with an outer tube housing a sharp blade inside. When pressed, the blade extends; when released, it retracts, preventing injury to surrounding tissues.
For acupuncture points on the body, head, and limbs, fine needles must be used. Only the five specific points on the ten fingers can be pricked with a three-edged needle, aiming for abundant bloodletting.
When examining the throat, if the patient rolls up their tongue, the throat becomes invisible. An object must be used to press down the tongue to prevent it from rolling up. Bone, teeth, or horn can serve as tongue depressors.
Prescriptions for treating specific diseases must strictly follow the dosages provided here. Do not hesitate to use heavy doses due to fear of harsh herbs like Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). I am dedicated to saving lives and will never use excessive doses that harm patients. As the ancients said: "When there is disease, the disease bears the impact of the drug." How could it harm the patient? Do not easily listen to others' opinions, which may only delay proper treatment. Alas!