论曰伤寒咽喉痛者，少阴受邪，邪毒壅遏于上焦，微则咽喉发痛，甚则痛而生疮，又伤
寒过经，邪热内盛，熏于上焦，亦令人咽喉肿痛，各随其证，以法治之。
治少阴病二三日咽痛者，可与甘草汤方
甘草（炙锉一两）
上一味，以水三盏，煎取一盏半，去滓分温二服。
治少阴病二三日，咽痛服甘草汤不瘥者，可与桔梗汤方
桔梗（半两炒） 甘草（炙一两）
上二味，各锉细，以水三盏，煎取一盏，去滓分温二服。
治少阴病咽中痛，生疮不能语言，声不出者。苦酒汤方
半夏（十四枚汤洗七遍切焙） 生鸡子（一枚）
上二味，将鸡子破壳去黄，入半夏在内，并苦酒满鸡子壳，置剪刀 中，安火上，令三
四沸去滓，少少含咽之，不瘥更作服。
治少阴病，咽中痛。半夏汤方
半夏（汤洗七遍切焙） 桂（去粗皮） 甘草（炙锉）
上三味，等分，粗捣筛，每服先以水一盏，煎七沸，纳药两方寸匕，更煮三沸，下火放
冷，少少咽之。
治伤寒咽喉闭塞，痛，咳多腥气。射干汤方
射干 木通（锉） 升麻（各一两） 桔梗 玄参 黄芩（去黑心） 甘草（炙锉各三
分）
上七味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓食后温服。
治伤寒咽喉痛塞不通，小便赤涩。羚羊角汤方
羚羊角（镑） 升麻 木通（锉） 射干 甘草（炙锉各一两） 芍药（半两） 生芦
根（锉三两）
上七味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓食后温服。
治伤寒咽喉壅塞，小便不通，气胀口舌干燥。麦门冬汤方
麦门冬（去心焙） 大黄（锉焙） 防己 玄参 葛根 木通（锉） 青竹茹 滑石（碎
各半两） 甘草（炙锉一分） 木香（一分半）
上一十味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，入生姜半分拍碎，葱白五寸切，同煎至八
分，
治伤寒热毒未解，咽喉壅塞，口内生疮。连翘散方
连翘（半两） 白药子（三分） 丹参 山栀子仁 柴胡（去苗各半两） 甘草（炙锉
一分） 恶实 黄柏（去粗皮蜜炙半两）
上八味，捣罗为细散，每服食后，用蜜水调下二钱匕，日二。
治伤寒时气，肺热咳嗽，咽喉痛，如有疮。地黄煎方
生地黄汁（半升） 升麻 玄参 芍药 柴胡（去苗各一两） 贝母（去心三分） 麦
门冬（去心焙一两） 竹叶（一两） 白蜜（五两）
上九味，除地黄蜜外、细锉，用水五大盏，煎至二盏，去滓下蜜及地黄汁，慢火煎成膏，
每服半匙，不计时候，咽津。
治伤寒咽喉痛，壅塞不通，口苦，玄参汤方
玄参（坚者一两） 羚羊角（镑） 升麻 射干（各三分） 芍药 木通（锉各半两）
上六味，粗捣筛，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，入生姜半分拍碎，同煎至八分，去滓食后温
服。
治伤寒毒瓦斯上冲，喉中痛，闷塞不通。茯苓汤方
赤茯苓（去黑皮半两） 木通（锉三分） 升麻 羚羊角（镑） 前胡（去芦头半两） 桑
根白皮（锉三分） 大黄（锉炒半两） 马蔺根 朴硝（各一两）
上九味，粗捣筛，每服三钱匕，水一盏，煎至六分，去滓食后温服
治伤寒咽喉痛，心中烦躁，舌上生疮。牛黄散方
牛黄（研） 朴硝（研） 甘草（炙锉各一两） 升麻 山栀子（去皮） 芍药（各半
两）
上六味，各捣研为细散，再同研令匀，每服一钱匕，食后煎姜蜜汤放冷调下。
治伤寒咽喉痛，口中干燥不止，犀角散方
犀角屑（半两） 黄连（去须） 铅霜（研各一分） 栝蒌根（半两） 郁金 甘草（炙
锉各一分）
上六味，各捣研为细散，再同研匀，每服食后，用去心麦门冬熟水调下二钱匕。
治伤寒脏腑虚热，毒瓦斯攻冲，咽喉肿塞急痛。升麻丸方
升麻（三两） 甘草（生用） 射干（各二两）
上三味，捣罗为末，用牛蒡汁，和杵数百下，丸如弹子大，每服绵裹一丸，含化咽津，
不拘时，如和不成，入炼蜜少许。
治伤寒头痛身热，咽喉壅塞，语声不出。麻黄地骨皮汤方
麻黄（去节三分） 地骨皮 玄参（各半两） 五味子（三分） 甘草（炙锉） 干姜
（炮各一分） 附子（炮裂去皮脐半两） 桔梗（炒） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁炒） 知母
（各半两）
上十味，锉如麻豆，每服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去滓食后温服。
论述说：伤寒病出现咽喉疼痛的，是少阴经受邪，邪毒壅滞于上焦，轻微则咽喉发生疼痛，严重则疼痛并生疮疡；另外，伤寒病经过传变（过经），邪热内盛，熏蒸于上焦，也会使人咽喉肿痛，各随其证候，按照相应的方法治疗。
治疗少阴病二三日出现咽痛的，可以给予甘草汤方：
甘草（炙后锉碎一两）
以上一味药，用水三盏，煎取一盏半，去渣，分两次温服。
治疗少阴病二三日，咽痛服用甘草汤后未痊愈的，可以给予桔梗汤方：
桔梗（炒半两） 甘草（炙一两）
以上两味药，分别锉细，用水三盏，煎取一盏，去渣，分两次温服。
治疗少阴病咽中疼痛，生疮不能说话，声音发不出的，用苦酒汤方：
半夏（十四枚，汤洗七遍，切后焙干） 生鸡蛋（一枚）
以上两味药，将鸡蛋打破壳去掉蛋黄，放入半夏在内，并用苦酒（醋）加满鸡蛋壳，放在剪刀（古时一种容器或指代特定器具，此处依原文直译，实为小瓶或罐）中，置于火上，煮至三四沸，去渣，少量含咽，若未愈再制作服用。
治疗少阴病，咽中疼痛。用半夏汤方：
半夏（汤洗七遍，切后焙干） 桂枝（去粗皮） 甘草（炙后锉碎）
以上三味药，等分，粗捣筛，每次服药先用水一盏，煎七沸，加入药物约两方寸匕的量，再煮三沸，离火放冷，少量咽下。
治疗伤寒咽喉闭塞，疼痛，咳嗽多带腥气。用射干汤方：
射干 木通（锉） 升麻（各一两） 桔梗 玄参 黄芩（去黑心） 甘草（炙锉各三分）
以上七味药，粗捣筛，每次服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去渣，饭后温服。
治疗伤寒咽喉痛塞不通，小便赤涩。用羚羊角汤方：
羚羊角（镑片） 升麻 木通（锉） 射干 甘草（炙锉各一两） 芍药（半两） 生芦根（锉三两）
以上七味药，粗捣筛，每次服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去渣，饭后温服。
治疗伤寒咽喉壅塞，小便不通，气胀口舌干燥。用麦门冬汤方：
麦门冬（去心焙干） 大黄（锉焙干） 防己 玄参 葛根 木通（锉） 青竹茹 滑石（碎各半两） 甘草（炙锉一分） 木香（一分半）
以上十味药，粗捣筛，每次服五钱匕，水一盏半，加入生姜半分拍碎，葱白五寸切段，同煎至八分，
治疗伤寒热毒未解，咽喉壅塞，口内生疮。用连翘散方：
连翘（半两） 白药子（三分） 丹参 山栀子仁 柴胡（去苗各半两） 甘草（炙锉一分） 恶实 黄柏（去粗皮蜜炙半两）
以上八味药，捣罗成细散，每次饭后，用蜜水调下二钱匕，每日两次。
治疗伤寒时气，肺热咳嗽，咽喉痛，如有疮疡。用地黄煎方：
生地黄汁（半升） 升麻 玄参 芍药 柴胡（去苗各一两） 贝母（去心三分） 麦门冬（去心焙一两） 竹叶（一两） 白蜜（五两）
以上九味药，除地黄、蜂蜜外，其余细锉，用水五大盏，煎至二盏，去渣，下蜂蜜及地黄汁，慢火煎成膏，每次服半匙，不限时候，咽津液。
治疗伤寒咽喉痛，壅塞不通，口苦，用玄参汤方：
玄参（质地坚硬的为一两） 羚羊角（镑片） 升麻 射干（各三分） 芍药 木通（锉各半两）
以上六味药，粗捣筛，每次服五钱匕，水一盏半，加入生姜半分拍碎，同煎至八分，去渣，饭后温服。
治疗伤寒毒瓦斯上冲，喉中痛，闷塞不通。用茯苓汤方：
赤茯苓（去黑皮半两） 木通（锉三分） 升麻 羚羊角（镑） 前胡（去芦头半两） 桑根白皮（锉三分） 大黄（锉炒半两） 马蔺根 朴硝（各一两）
以上九味药，粗捣筛，每次服三钱匕，水一盏，煎至六分，去渣，饭后温服。
治疗伤寒咽喉痛，心中烦躁，舌上生疮。用牛黄散方：
牛黄（研） 朴硝（研） 甘草（炙锉各一两） 升麻 山栀子（去皮） 芍药（各半两）
以上六味药，各捣研为细散，再共同研磨令均匀，每次服一钱匕，饭后煎姜蜜汤放冷调下。
治疗伤寒咽喉痛，口中干燥不止，用犀角散方：
犀角屑（半两） 黄连（去须） 铅霜（研各一分） 栝蒌根（半两） 郁金 甘草（炙锉各一分）
以上六味药，各捣研为细散，再共同研磨均匀，每次饭后，用去心麦门冬熟水调下二钱匕。
治疗伤寒脏腑虚热，毒瓦斯攻冲，咽喉肿塞急痛。用升麻丸方：
升麻（三两） 甘草（生用） 射干（各二两）
以上三味药，捣罗成末，用牛蒡汁，和药杵数百下，制成如弹子大的丸，每次用绵裹一丸，含化咽津，不拘时间，如果粘和不成功，加入少许炼蜜。
治疗伤寒头痛身热，咽喉壅塞，语声不出。用麻黄地骨皮汤方：
麻黄（去节三分） 地骨皮 玄参（各半两） 五味子（三分） 甘草（炙锉） 干姜（炮各一分） 附子（炮裂去皮脐半两） 桔梗（炒） 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁炒） 知母（各半两）
以上十味药，锉如麻豆大小，每次服五钱匕，水一盏半，煎至八分，去渣，饭后温服。
It is discussed that in Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) disease, when the throat hurts, it is due to pathogenic factors invading the Shaoyin channel. The pathogenic toxins are congested and obstructed in the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner). If mild, the throat becomes painful; if severe, pain occurs accompanied by sores. Furthermore, after a Taiyang (Greater Yang) cold damage has passed its stage, internal excess of pathogenic heat steams upward into the Upper Jiao, also causing swelling and pain in the throat. Treatment should follow the specific syndrome patterns.
For Shaoyin disease presenting with sore throat after two or three days, Gancao Tang (Licorice Decoction) may be administered:
Gancao (Roasted Licorize Root, prepared and cut, 1 liang)
Take this single herb, add 3 cups of water, decoct to obtain 1.5 cups, remove the dregs, and divide into two warm doses.
For Shaoyin disease presenting with sore throat after two or three days, if Gancao Tang fails to resolve the condition, Jiegeng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) may be administered:
Jiegeng (Prepared Platycodon Root, stir-fried, half liang); Gancao (Roasted Licorice Root, 1 liang)
Take these two herbs, cut them finely each, add 3 cups of water, decoct to obtain 1 cup, remove the dregs, and divide into two warm doses.
For Shaoyin disease with pain in the throat, formation of sores, inability to speak, and loss of voice, Kujiu Tang (Bitter Wine Decoction) is used:
Banxia (Prepared Pinellia Tuber, washed seven times in hot water, sliced and dried; 14 pieces); Sheng Jizi (Raw Chicken Egg, 1 piece)
Take these two herbs. Break the eggshell, remove the yolk, place the Banxia inside the shell, fill the shell completely with Kujiu (bitter wine/vinegar), place it in a scissor-like vessel (or small pot), set over fire, boil for three or four times, remove the dregs, and swallow slowly in small amounts. If not cured, prepare and take again.
For Shaoyin disease with pain in the throat, Banxia Tang (Pinellia Decoction) is used:
Banxia (Prepared Pinellia Tuber, washed seven times in hot water, sliced and dried); Gui (Cinnamon Twig, bark removed); Gancao (Roasted Licorice Root, prepared and cut)
Take these three herbs in equal parts, coarsely crush and sieve. For each dose, first add 1 cup of water, boil seven times, add approximately two Fangcunbi (a traditional measure of volume) of the herbal powder, boil three more times, remove from fire, let cool, and swallow slowly in small amounts.
For cold damage presenting with throat obstruction, pain, and coughing with a fishy odor, Shegan Tang (Belamcanda Decoction) is used:
Shegan (Belamcanda Rhizome); Mutong (Akebia Stem, cut); Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome, each 1 liang); Jiegeng (Platycodon Root); Xuanshen (Scrophularia Root); Huangqin (Scutellaria Root, black heart removed); Gancao (Roasted Licorice Root, prepared and cut, each 3 fen)
Take these seven herbs, coarsely crush and sieve. For each dose, take 5 Qianbi (a traditional measure of volume), add 1.5 cups of water, decoct until reduced to 0.8 cups, remove the dregs, and take warm after meals.
For cold damage presenting with throat pain and obstruction, red and scanty urination, Lingyangjiao Tang (Antelope Horn Decoction) is used:
Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn, shaved); Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome); Mutong (Akebia Stem, cut); Shegan (Belamcanda Rhizome); Gancao (Roasted Licorice Root, prepared and cut, each 1 liang); Shaoyao (Peony Root, half liang); Sheng Lugen (Fresh Reed Rhizome, cut, 3 liang)
Take these seven herbs, coarsely crush and sieve. For each dose, take 5 Qianbi, add 1.5 cups of water, decoct until reduced to 0.8 cups, remove the dregs, and take warm after meals.
For cold damage presenting with throat congestion, inability to urinate, abdominal distension, and dry mouth and tongue, Maimendong Tang (Ophiopogon Decoction) is used:
Maimendong (Ophiopogon Tuber, heart removed and dried); Dahuang (Rhubarb Root, cut and dried); Fangji (Stephania Root); Xuanshen (Scrophularia Root); Gegen (Pueraria Root); Mutong (Akebia Stem, cut); Qing Zhuru (Green Bamboo Shavings); Huashi (Talcum, crushed, each half liang); Gancao (Roasted Licorice Root, prepared and cut, 1 fen); Muxiang (Aucklandia Root, 1.5 fen)
Take these ten herbs, coarsely crush and sieve. For each dose, take 5 Qianbi, add 1.5 cups of water, add half a fen of smashed fresh ginger and five cun of cut green onion white, decoct together until reduced to 0.8 cups.
For cold damage where heat toxins have not resolved, throat congestion, and sores in the mouth, Lianqiao San (Forsythia Powder) is used:
Lianqiao (Forsythia Fruit, half liang); Bai Yaozi (Stemona Root, 3 fen); Danshen (Salvia Root); Shanzhizi Ren (Gardenia Seed, heart removed); Chaihu (Bupleurum Root, sprouts removed, each half liang); Gancao (Roasted Licorice Root, prepared and cut, 1 fen); Eshi (Arctium Fruit); Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark, coarse skin removed, honey-fried, half liang)
Take these eight herbs, pound and sift into a fine powder. After each meal, take 2 Qianbi mixed with honey water, twice daily.
For cold damage and epidemic qi, lung heat with cough, sore throat, and presence of sores, Dihuang Jian (Rehmannia Paste) is used:
Sheng Dihuang Zhi (Fresh Rehmannia Juice, half sheng); Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome); Xuanshen (Scrophularia Root); Shaoyao (Peony Root); Chaihu (Bupleurum Root, sprouts removed, each 1 liang); Beimu (Fritillaria Bulb, heart removed, 3 fen); Maimendong (Ophiopogon Tuber, heart removed and dried, 1 liang); Zhuye (Bamboo Leaf, 1 liang); Baimi (White Honey, 5 liang)
Take these nine herbs. Except for Dihuang and Baimi, finely cut the rest. Add 5 large cups of water, decoct until reduced to 2 cups, remove the dregs, add Baimi and Sheng Dihuang Zhi, and simmer on low heat until forming a paste. Take half a spoonful at any time, swallowing the saliva.
For cold damage presenting with sore throat, congestion and obstruction, and bitter taste in the mouth, Xuanshen Tang (Scrophularia Decoction) is used:
Xuanshen (Scrophularia Root, firm quality, 1 liang); Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn, shaved); Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome); Shegan (Belamcanda Rhizome, each 3 fen); Shaoyao (Peony Root); Mutong (Akebia Stem, cut, each half liang)
Take these six herbs, coarsely crush and sieve. For each dose, take 5 Qianbi, add 1.5 cups of water, add half a fen of smashed fresh ginger, decoct together until reduced to 0.8 cups, remove the dregs, and take warm after meals.
For cold damage where toxic vapors rush upward, causing throat pain and suffocating obstruction, Fuling Tang (Poria Decoction) is used:
Chifuling (Red Poria, black skin removed, half liang); Mutong (Akebia Stem, cut, 3 fen); Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome); Lingyangjiao (Antelope Horn, shaved); Qianhu (Peucedanum Root, radicle removed, half liang); Sanggen Baipi (Mulberry Root Bark, cut, 3 fen); Dahuang (Rhubarb Root, cut and stir-fried, half liang); Maligen (Iris Root); Xiaoyao (Mirabilite, each 1 liang)
Take these nine herbs, coarsely crush and sieve. For each dose, take 3 Qianbi, add 1 cup of water, decoct until reduced to 0.6 cups, remove the dregs, and take warm after meals.
For cold damage presenting with sore throat, mental restlessness, and sores on the tongue, Niuhuang San (Calculus Bovis Powder) is used:
Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis, ground); Xiaoyao (Mirabilite, ground); Gancao (Roasted Licorice Root, prepared and cut, each 1 liang); Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome); Shanzhizi (Gardenia Fruit, skin removed); Shaoyao (Peony Root, each half liang)
Take these six herbs, grind each into a fine powder separately, then mix thoroughly. For each dose, take 1 Qianbi, after meals, mix with cooled ginger-honey decoction.
For cold damage presenting with sore throat and incessant dryness in the mouth, Xijiao San (Rhino Horn Powder) is used:
Xijiao Xie (Rhino Horn shavings, half liang); Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome, whiskers removed); Qianshuang (Lead Frost, ground, each 1 fen); Gualou Gen (Trichosanthes Root, half liang); Yujin (Curcuma Root); Gancao (Roasted Licorice Root, prepared and cut, each 1 fen)
Take these six herbs, grind each into a fine powder separately, then mix thoroughly. After each meal, take 2 Qianbi mixed with cooked water prepared from Ophiopogon Tuber without the heart.
For cold damage involving deficiency-heat in the zang-fu organs, toxic vapors attacking and rushing upward, causing swollen, obstructed, and acutely painful throat, Shengma Wan (Cimicifuga Pill) is used:
Shengma (Cimicifuga Rhizome, 3 liang); Gancao (Licorice Root, raw); Shegan (Belamcanda Rhizome, each 2 liang)
Take these three herbs, pound and sift into powder. Mix with juice from Niu Bang Zi (Arctium Fruit), pound hundreds of times, form pills the size of a bullet. Wrap one pill in silk for each dose, hold in mouth to dissolve and swallow saliva, at any time. If too sticky, add a little refined honey.
For cold damage presenting with headache, body heat, throat congestion, and inability to speak, Mahuang Digupi Tang (Ephedra and Groundcherry Root Bark Decoction) is used:
Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, joints removed, 3 fen); Digupi (Groundcherry Root Bark); Xuanshen (Scrophularia Root, each half liang); Wuweizi (Schisandra Fruit, 3 fen); Gancao (Roasted Licorice Root, prepared and cut); Jiangjiang (Dried Ginger, processed, each 1 fen); Fuzi (Processed Aconite Root, cracked, skin and umbilicus removed, half liang); Jiegeng (Platycodon Root, stir-fried); Xingren (Apricot Seed, soaked in hot water, skin and tips removed, double kernel, stir-fried); Zhimu (Anemarrhena Rhizome, each half liang)
Take these ten herbs, cut like hemp seeds. For each dose, take 5 Qianbi, add 1.5 cups of water, decoct until reduced to 0.8 cups, remove the dregs, and take warm after meals.