论曰虚劳之病，感五脏则为五劳，因七情则为七伤，劳伤之甚，身体疲极，则为六极，
所谓七伤者，一曰，大饱伤脾，脾伤则善噫，欲卧面黄，二曰，大怒气逆伤肝，肝伤则少血
目暗，三曰，强力举重，久坐湿地伤肾，肾伤则少精，腰背痛，厥逆下冷，四曰，形寒饮冷
伤肺，肺伤则少气，咳嗽鼻鸣，五曰，忧愁思虑伤心，心伤则苦惊喜忘善怒，六曰，风雨寒
暑伤形，形伤则肤发枯夭，七曰，大恐惧不节伤志，志伤则恍惚不乐，此七者，劳伤之因也
，故名七伤，所谓五劳者，一曰，肺劳令人短气，面肿鼻不闻香臭，二曰，肝劳令人面目干
黑，口苦目视不明，三曰，心劳令人忽忽喜忘，大便苦难，时或溏泄，口中生疮，四曰，脾
劳令人舌本苦直，不能咽唾，五曰，肾劳令人背难以俯仰。小便黄赤，时有余沥，阴痛生疮
，小腹满急，此五者劳气在五脏也，故名五劳，所谓六极者，一曰，气极令人内虚，五脏不
足，邪气多正气少，不欲言，二曰，血极令人无颜色，眉发堕落，忽忽喜忘，三曰，筋极令
人数转筋，十指爪甲皆痛，苦倦不能久立，四曰，骨极令人酸削齿苦痛，手足烦疼，不可以
立，不欲行动，五曰，肌极令人羸瘦无润泽，饮食不生肌肤，六曰，精极令人少气吸吸，然
内虚五脏气不足，发毛落，悲伤喜忘，此六者劳伤之甚，身体疲极也，故名六极，凡五劳六
极七伤之外，变证不一，治法皆以补养为宜，形不足者温之以气，精不足者补之以味，气味
相得，合而服之，以补精益气，此其要也。
论述说：虚劳这一病症，邪气侵犯五脏就会形成五劳，由七情（喜、怒、忧、思、悲、恐、惊）失调就会造成七伤，劳损损伤严重，身体极度疲乏，就会形成六极。
所谓七伤，一是饮食过饱损伤脾胃，脾受损则容易嗳气，想躺卧且面色发黄；二是大怒导致气机上逆损伤肝脏，肝受损则血液亏少，视力昏暗；三是用力举重或久坐潮湿之地损伤肾脏，肾受损则精气不足，腰背疼痛，四肢厥冷且下部发凉；四是感受形体寒冷或饮用冷水损伤肺脏，肺受损则气息短少，咳嗽且鼻中鸣响；五是忧愁思虑过度损伤心脏，心受损则心中苦闷、易受惊吓、健忘且易怒；六是风雨寒暑等外邪损伤形体，形体受损则皮肤毛发干枯早衰；七是大恐惧且房事不节损伤意志，志受损则神志恍惚、心情不悦。这七种情况，是劳伤的成因，所以称为七伤。
所谓五劳，一是肺劳使人气息短促，面部浮肿，鼻子闻不到气味；二是肝劳使人的面目干枯发黑，口苦，视物不清；三是心劳使人神情恍惚、易受惊吓、健忘，大便干结难解，有时又呈溏泄状，口中生疮；四是脾劳使人舌根僵硬，不能吞咽唾液；五是肾劳使人背部难以俯仰，小便黄赤，有时有余沥不尽，阴部疼痛生疮，小腹胀满急迫。这五种情况是劳气在五脏的表现，所以称为五劳。
所谓六极，一是气极使人内部虚弱，五脏精气不足，邪气多而正气少，不想说话；二是血极使人面色无华，眉毛头发脱落，神情恍惚、易受惊吓、健忘；三是筋极使人频繁发生转筋（肌肉痉挛），十个手指和指甲都疼痛，极度疲倦不能久站；四是骨极使人骨骼酸痛消瘦，牙齿剧烈疼痛，手足烦热疼痛，无法站立，不想活动；五是肌极使人消瘦且没有光泽，饮食营养无法转化为肌肤；六是精极使人气息微弱、呼吸浅促，内部虚弱，五脏之气不足，毛发脱落，悲伤且健忘。这六种情况是劳伤严重、身体极度疲乏的表现，所以称为六极。
除了五劳、六极、七伤之外，变证不一，治疗方法都以补养为宜。形体不足的，用具有温煦作用的药物来补益其气；精气不足的，用具有滋腻厚味的药物来填补其精。药性与病机相合，配合服用，以补充精益固元气，这是治疗的关键要点。
It is stated that the disease of Xu Lao (Deficiency Consumption) manifests as Wu Lao (Five Exhaustions) when pathogenic factors affect the five Zang organs, and as Qi Shang (Seven Injuries) due to emotional disturbances. When damage from overexertion is severe, leading to extreme physical fatigue, it manifests as Liu Ji (Six Extremes).
The so-called "Qi Shang" (Seven Injuries) are: First, excessive fullness injures the Spleen; Spleen injury leads to frequent belching, a desire to lie down, and a sallow complexion. Second, intense anger causes Qi counterflow, injuring the Liver; Liver injury results in blood deficiency and dim vision. Third, strenuous lifting or prolonged sitting on damp ground injures the Kidney; Kidney injury leads to seminal insufficiency, lower back and waist pain, cold extremities, and coldness below. Fourth, exposure to cold affecting the body or drinking cold beverages injures the Lung; Lung injury results in shortness of breath, coughing, and nasal resonance. Fifth, worry and overthinking injure the Heart; Heart injury leads to distress, frightfulness, forgetfulness, and irritability. Sixth, wind, rain, cold, and heat injure the physical form; Form injury leads withered and prematurely aging skin and hair. Seventh, great fear and lack of moderation injure the Will (Zhi); Will injury leads to mental confusion and unhappiness. These seven constitute the causes of injury from overexertion, hence named "Qi Shang."
The so-called "Wu Lao" (Five Exhaustions) are: First, Lung exhaustion causes shortness of breath, facial edema, and loss of smell. Second, Liver exhaustion causes dry and dark complexion around the eyes and face, bitter taste in the mouth, and blurred vision. Third, Heart exhaustion causes mental agitation, frightfulness, forgetfulness, difficult and hard stools, occasional loose stools, and oral ulcers. Fourth, Spleen exhaustion causes stiffness of the tongue root and inability to swallow saliva. Fifth, Kidney exhaustion causes difficulty in bending and extending the back, yellow-red urine, occasional dribbling after urination, genital pain and sores, and distension and urgency in the lower abdomen. These five represent exhaustion Qi residing in the five Zang organs, hence named "Wu Lao."
The so-called "Liu Ji" (Six Extremes) are: First, Qi Extreme causes internal emptiness, insufficiency of the five Zang organs, an excess of pathogenic factors and deficiency of healthy Qi, and reluctance to speak. Second, Blood Extreme causes pallor, loss of eyebrows and hair, mental agitation, frightfulness, and forgetfulness. Third, Tendon Extreme causes frequent muscle spasms, pain in all ten fingers and nails, severe fatigue, and inability to stand for long periods. Fourth, Bone Extreme causes soreness and emaciation of bones, severe toothache, vexatious pain in hands and feet, inability to stand, and reluctance to move. Fifth, Muscle Extreme causes emaciation and lack of luster, where food essence fails to nourish the muscles. Sixth, Essence Extreme causes shortness of breath and shallow respiration, internal emptiness, insufficiency of Qi in the five Zang organs, loss of hair, sadness, and forgetfulness. These six represent severe injury from overexertion and extreme physical fatigue, hence named "Liu Ji."
Beyond Wu Lao, Liu Ji, and Qi Shang, there are various other pathological changes. The treatment methods should all prioritize tonification and nourishment. For those with insufficient Form, tonify their Qi with warming agents; for those with insufficient Essence, replenish them with rich flavors. When the properties and flavors harmonize, they are taken together to benefit Essence and boost Qi; this is the essential principle.