味苦辛，寒，大寒，无毒。主五脏积热，胃胀闭，涤去蓄结饮食，推陈致新，除邪气
，疗五脏十二经脉中百二十疾，暴伤寒，腹中大热，止烦满，消渴，利小便及 蚀疮。《蜀
本》云∶大黄为使，能化七十二种石为水。吴氏云∶神农∶苦。扁鹊∶甘。《药性论》∶君
。有小毒。主项下瘰 ，破积，散坚结。日华子云∶治喉闭。一云∶治赤眼，疗恶寒，治
五种淋疾及小便不通，又治头痛。火为之使。恶∶苦参、苦菜、曾青。畏∶女菀、杏仁、竹
叶。
味辛甘，冷，无毒。治心热烦躁并五脏宿滞，症结，明目，退膈上虚热，消肿毒。《太
阴号》曰∶治热毒风，搜冷， 癖气胀满，五劳七伤，骨蒸传尸，头痛烦热，搜除恶疾，五
脏秘涩，大小肠不通，三焦热淋，疰忤疾，咳嗽，呕逆，苦干涩，咽喉闭塞，心、肝、脾、
肺脏、胃积热，惊悸健忘，营卫不调，中酒，中脍，饮食过度，腰膝冷痛，手脚酸，久冷久
热，四肢壅塞，背膊拘急，眼昏目眩，久视无力，肠风痔病，血癖不调，妇人产后，小儿疳
气，阴毒伤寒，表里疫 等疾。一云∶长服安胎，诞孩无疮肿疾病。马牙硝∶味甘，大寒，
无毒。除五脏积热、伏气，点眼去赤肿障翳，涩泪痛，消食，治小儿鹅口、重舌。
味苦，大寒，无毒。主风热癫痫，小儿惊邪螈 ，风眩头痛，肺壅，耳聋，口疮，喉痹，
牙颔肿痛，目赤热痛，多眵泪。生∶茂州。恶∶麦句姜。
【硝石】
味苦、辛，性寒至大寒，无毒。主治五脏积热，胃脘胀满闭塞，涤荡去除体内蓄积的饮食停滞，推陈出新，祛除邪气，治疗五脏及十二经脉中发生的一百二十种疾病，突发伤寒，腹部大热，缓解烦闷胀满，消除消渴症，通利小便以及腐蚀疮疡。《蜀本》记载：以大黄为引使药，能化七十二种矿石为水状。吴氏记载：神农认为其味苦；扁鹊认为其味甘。《药性论》记载：作为君药。有小毒。主治颈部下方的瘰疬，破除积聚，消散坚硬结块。日华子记载：治疗喉闭。另一种说法：治疗红眼病，治疗恶寒，治疗五种淋疾及小便不通，又治疗头痛。用火炮制作为引使药。禁忌：畏苦参、苦菜、曾青。忌：女菀、杏仁、竹叶。
【玄明粉】
味辛、甘，性冷，无毒。治疗心热烦躁及五脏宿留的滞气，症结，明目，消退膈上的虚热，消肿毒。《太阴号》记载：治疗热毒风，搜剔冷气，癖气胀满，五劳七伤，骨蒸传尸（肺结核等消耗性疾病），头痛烦热，搜剔祛除恶疾，五脏秘涩，大小肠不通，三焦热淋，注忤疾（中恶或精神异常疾病），咳嗽，呕逆，口干舌燥，咽喉闭塞，心、肝、脾、肺脏及胃部的积热，惊悸健忘，营卫不调，醉酒，食用肉类过量，饮食过度，腰膝冷痛，手脚酸痛，久冷或久热，四肢壅塞，背膊拘急，眼昏目眩，久视无力，肠风痔病，血癖不调，妇人产后诸疾，小儿疳气，阴毒伤寒，表里疫病等各种疾病。另一种说法：长期服用可安胎，分娩时婴儿无疮肿疾病。马牙硝：味甘，性大寒，无毒。清除五脏积热、伏气，点眼去除赤肿障翳，涩泪痛，消食，治疗小儿鹅口疮、重舌。
【生硝】
味苦，性大寒，无毒。主治风热癫痫，小儿惊邪抽搐，风眩头痛，肺壅，耳聋，口疮，喉痹，牙颔肿痛，目赤热痛，多眵泪。产地：生硝产于茂州。禁忌：畏麦句姜。
[Niter]
Taste: bitter, pungent. Nature: cold to very cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: primarily treats accumulated heat in the five zang organs, gastric distension and obstruction, clears away retained food stagnation, eliminates the old to generate the new, dispels pathogenic factors, treats one hundred and twenty diseases occurring in the five zang organs and the twelve meridians, sudden attack of cold damage (Shanghan), excessive heat in the abdomen, relieves irritability and fullness, consumes thirst (Xiao Ke), promotes urination, and cauterizes sores. The *Shu Ben* states: with Rhubarb (*Da Huang*) as the guiding herb, it can transform seventy-two types of minerals into water. Wu Shi records: Shen Nong considered its taste bitter; Bian Que considered its taste sweet. *Yao Xing Lun* states: acts as a sovereign herb. Slightly toxic. Primarily treats scrofula under the neck, breaks up accumulations, and dissipates hard nodules. Ri Huazi records: treats throat closure. Another account says: treats red eye disease, treats aversion to cold, treats five types of strangury and urinary obstruction, and also treats headache. Fire-processing serves as the guiding method. Contraindications: incompatible with Bitter Sophora Root (*Kushen*), Bitter Vegetable (*Kucai*), and Azurite (*Cengqing*). Aversion: Mugwort Flower (*Nuwan*), Apricot Kernel (*Xingren*), Bamboo Leaf (*Zhuye*).
[Mirabilite Purified / Xuanming Fen]
Taste: pungent, sweet. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: treats heart-heat with restlessness and stagnant qi lodged in the five zang organs, pathological masses, brightens the eyes, clears deficiency-heat above the diaphragm, reduces swelling and toxicity. *Tai Yin Hao* states: treats wind-heat toxin, searches out cold qi, treats gas accumulation due to phlegm-fluid retention, five exhaustions and seven injuries, bone-steaming consumption (tuberculosis-like wasting diseases), headache with fever, searches out and eliminates malignant diseases, constipation of the five zang organs, obstruction of both large and small intestines, damp-heat strangury of the San Jiao, zhuyu disease (sudden illness or mental aberration), cough, vomiting and reflux, dry mouth and tongue, throat obstruction, accumulated heat in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and stomach, palpitations and forgetfulness, disharmony of Ying and Wei nutrients, alcohol intoxication, overconsumption of meat, dietary excess, cold pain in waist and knees, soreness and pain in hands and feet, chronic cold or chronic heat, obstruction of the four limbs, stiffness and tension in the back and shoulders, blurred vision and dizziness, weakness after prolonged visual effort, intestinal wind hemorrhoids, blood stasis irregularities, postpartum conditions in women, infant malnutrition (gan syndrome), yin-toxin cold damage, and various epidemic diseases affecting both interior and exterior. Another account says: long-term use calms the fetus, ensuring the newborn has no sores or diseases. Horse Tooth Niter (*Mayaxiao*): taste sweet, nature very cold, non-toxic. Clears accumulated heat and latent qi in the five zang organs, applied to eyes to remove redness, swelling, cataracts, tearing, and pain, aids digestion, treats infant thrush and double tongue.
[Raw Niter / Sheng Xiao]
Taste: bitter. Nature: very cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: primarily treats wind-heat epilepsy, pediatric convulsions due to fright-pathogen, wind-dizziness headache, lung congestion, deafness, mouth ulcers, throat bi-syndrome, swelling and pain of teeth and jaw, red and hot painful eyes, excessive eye discharge and tearing. Origin: Raw Niter is produced in Maozhou. Contraindications: incompatible with Wheat Ginger (*Maijujiang*).