经络 咽者咽也。接三脘以通胃。故以咽物。喉者候也。通五脏以系肺。故以候气。有云嗌者即咽之低
处也。然喉痹则呼吸不利。天气闭塞也。咽痛则饮唾不入。地气闭塞也。是以喉痹。必兼咽嗌痛。而咽嗌
痛未必兼喉痹也。又十二经皆凑于喉。而内经独言一阴一阳结为之喉痹者。重于君相二火也。又一
阴心胞与肝。一阳三焦与胆。四经皆有相火。气热则为痹必矣。第火有虚实之分。喉有紧慢之别。
紧喉者其发暴。咽喉肿痛。痰涎壅盛。声音不出。脓水不入。由膏粱浓味所致。为之实火。斯时也。不及用
药。宜刺少商穴委中穴。出紫黑血以泻其热。噙牛黄点舌丹以消其毒。俟稍缓。吹以冰硼散。服清咽利
膈散以清其源。痰盛者桐油饯导之。
牛黄点舌丹 治喉风喉痹。痰火壅盛。并大头瘟及痈毒等。
牛黄（五分） 熊胆（五分） 蟾酥（三分） 犀角（三分） 羚羊角（三分） 珍珠（三分） 冰片（五分）
麝香（三分） 沉香（五分） 辰砂 雄黄 硼砂 血竭 乳香 没药 葶苈（各一钱）
各为细末。称准和匀。乳汁为丸。绿豆大。金薄为衣。每用一丸。呷舌下噙化。徐徐咽之。化尽口内麻。以
冷水漱口咽之。则患处出汗。
冰硼散 治咽肿。及口齿肿痛。并久嗽痰火。咽哑作痛。
冰片（五分） 硼砂（五钱） 玄明粉（五钱） 朱砂（六分）
共为末。日吹五七次。
金锁匙 治喉风喉闭。痰涎壅盛。口噤不开。汤水不入者。
焰硝（一两五钱） 硼砂（五钱） 雄黄（二钱） 白僵蚕（一钱） 冰片（二分半）
各研末。和匀吹之。痰涎即出。或化为水。
桐油饯 治喉闭痰壅。呼吸不利。汤水难入者。
用温汤半碗。加桐油三四匙。搅匀。用硬鸡翎蘸油。探入喉内。连探四五次。其痰壅出。再探再吐。以人
醒声高为度。
清咽利膈汤 治咽喉肿痛。痰涎壅盛。及乳蛾喉痹喉痈。重舌木舌。或膈胸不利。烦躁饮冷。大便闭结
等症。
黄芩 栀子 连翘 薄荷 甘草 桔梗 黄连 玄参 金银花 牛蒡子 防风 荆芥（各一钱） 朴硝
大黄（各二钱）
一加 升麻 葛根 大青 青黛 羌活 半夏 射干 山豆根等类
水二钟。淡竹叶二十片。煎八分。加蜜二匙。食远服。
经络：咽，是吞咽的意思。连接三脘以通达胃腑，所以用来吞咽食物。喉，是候察的意思。连通五脏以系连肺脏，所以用来候察气息。有人说“嗌”就是咽的低处。然而，喉痹会导致呼吸不畅，这是天气闭塞的表现；咽痛则导致饮食和唾液无法进入，这是地气闭塞的表现。因此，喉痹必然兼有咽和嗌的疼痛，但咽和嗌的疼痛未必兼有喉痹。另外，十二经脉都汇聚于咽喉，而《内经》唯独说“一阴一阳结为之喉痹”，这是重视君火与相火的作用。又说，一阴（心包络与肝）和一阳（三焦与胆），这四经都有相火，气热就会导致痹阻，这是必然的。只是火有虚实之分，喉病有紧慢之别。
紧喉证，其发病急暴。症状为咽喉肿痛，痰涎壅盛，声音不出，脓水难进。这是由于过食膏粱厚味所致，属于实火。此时如果不及时用药，适宜针刺少商穴、委中穴，放出紫黑色的血以泻除热邪。含服牛黄点舌丹以消除毒邪。等到病情稍缓后，用冰硼散吹入患处，服用清咽利膈散以清除病源。痰盛者，用桐油饯进行导吐。
牛黄点舌丹：治疗喉风、喉痹，痰火壅盛，以及大头瘟和痈毒等症。
配方：牛黄（五分）、熊胆（五分）、蟾酥（三分）、犀角（三分）、羚羊角（三分）、珍珠（三分）、冰片（五分）、麝香（三分）、沉香（五分）、辰砂、雄黄、硼砂、血竭、乳香、没药、葶苈子（各一钱）。
制法与用法：将上述药材研为细末，称量准确并混合均匀。用乳汁泛丸，如绿豆大小。外用金箔为衣。每次使用一丸，放于舌下含化，徐徐咽下。待药丸在口内完全化尽，感到麻木时，用冷水漱口并咽下，则患处会出汗。
冰硼散：治疗咽部肿胀，以及口腔牙齿肿痛，还有久咳导致的痰火、咽哑作痛。
配方：冰片（五分）、硼砂（五钱）、玄明粉（五钱）、朱砂（六分）。
制法与用法：共研为粉末。每日吹入患处五至七次。
金锁匙：治疗喉风、喉闭，痰涎壅盛，口噤不开，汤水无法进入者。
配方：焰硝（一两五钱）、硼砂（五钱）、雄黄（二钱）、白僵蚕（一钱）、冰片（二分半）。
制法与用法：分别研为粉末，混合均匀后吹入患处。痰涎随即排出，或化为水流出来。
桐油饯：治疗喉闭痰壅，呼吸不畅，汤水难以进入者。
用法：取温水半碗，加入桐油三四匙，搅拌均匀。用硬鸡毛蘸取油液，探入喉内，连续探查四五次。使壅盛的痰液吐出，再探再吐，以患者苏醒、声音洪亮为标准。
清咽利膈汤：治疗咽喉肿痛，痰涎壅盛，以及乳蛾、喉痹、喉痈，重舌、木舌，或者胸膈不利，烦躁喜饮冷物，大便闭结等症状。
基础配方：黄芩、栀子、连翘、薄荷、甘草、桔梗、黄连、玄参、金银花、牛蒡子、防风、荆芥（各一钱）、朴硝、大黄（各二钱）。
加减法：可加升麻、葛根、大青叶、青黛、羌活、半夏、射干、山豆根等类药物。
煎服法：用水两钟，淡竹叶二十片，煎至八分满。加入蜂蜜两匙，饭后服用。
Meridians: The pharynx (throat for swallowing) refers to the act of swallowing. It connects the three epigastria to communicate with the stomach, thus used for swallowing food. The larynx (throat for breathing) refers to monitoring or guarding. It connects the five zang organs to link with the lungs, thus used for monitoring qi. Some say "yi" (pharyngeal isthmus) is the lower part of the pharynx. However, in cases of throat obstruction (Hou Bi), breathing becomes difficult, which indicates the blockage of heavenly qi. In cases of sore throat, food and saliva cannot enter, which indicates the blockage of earthly qi. Therefore, throat obstruction must be accompanied by pain in the pharynx and yi, but pain in the pharynx and yi does not necessarily accompany throat obstruction. Furthermore, all twelve meridians converge at the throat, yet the *Nei Jing* (Inner Canon) specifically states that the knotting of one yin and one yang causes throat obstruction, emphasizing the importance of Ministerial Fire and Sovereign Fire. It is also stated that one yin (Pericardium and Liver) and one yang (San Jiao and Gallbladder), these four meridians all contain Ministerial Fire; when qi becomes hot, obstruction inevitably occurs. However, fire has deficiency and excess distinctions, and throat diseases have tight and slow variations.
Tight Throat Syndrome: Its onset is sudden and violent. Symptoms include swelling and pain in the throat and neck, copious phlegm and saliva, loss of voice, and inability to take in pus or water. This is caused by excessive consumption of rich and greasy foods, belonging to Excess Fire. At this time, if medication is not administered promptly, it is appropriate to puncture Shaoshang (LU 11) and Weizhong (BL 40) acupoints to release dark purple-black blood to drain heat. Hold Niuhuang Dianshe Dan (Calculus Bovis Tongue-Pointing Pill) under the tongue to eliminate toxicity. Wait until the condition slightly缓和 (relaxes), then blow Bingpeng San (Ice and Borax Powder) into the lesion, and administer Qingyan Lige Tang (Throat-Clearing and Diaphragm-Relieving Decoction) to clear the source. For those with abundant phlegm, use Tongyou Qian (Camellia Oil Lozenge) to induce vomiting.
Niuhuang Dianshe Dan (Calculus Bovis Tongue-Pointing Pill): Treats Hou Feng (Throat Wind), Hou Bi (Throat Obstruction), copious phlegm-fire, as well as Da Tou Wen (Big Head Plague) and carbuncles/toxins.
Ingredients: Calculus Bovis (5 fen), Ursus Arctos Bile (5 fen), Bufo Toxin (3 fen), Rhinoceros Horn (3 fen), Antelope Horn (3 fen), Pearl (3 fen), Borneolum Syntheticum (5 fen), Moschus (3 chen), Aquilaria Wood (5 fen), Cinnabar, Realgar, Borax, Dragon's Blood, Frankincense, Myrrh, Lepidium Seed (each 1 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Grind each ingredient into a fine powder, weigh accurately, and mix uniformly. Form pills using milk, sized like mung beans. Coat with gold foil. Use one pill per dose, place under the tongue to dissolve slowly, and swallow gradually. When the pill completely dissolves in the mouth and numbness is felt, rinse the mouth with cold water and swallow. This will cause sweating at the affected site.
Bingpeng San (Ice and Borax Powder): Treats pharyngeal swelling, as well as oral and dental swelling and pain, and also chronic cough due to phlegm-fire, hoarseness, and sore throat.
Ingredients: Borneolum Syntheticum (5 fen), Borax (5 qian), Mirabilite (5 qian), Cinnabar (6 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Grind together into powder. Blow into the affected area five to seven times daily.
Jin Suo Chi (Golden Lock Key): Treats Hou Feng (Throat Wind) and Hou Bi (Throat Closure), copious phlegm and saliva, trismus (lockjaw), and inability to take in soup or water.
Ingredients: Niter (1 liang 5 qian), Borax (5 qian), Realgar (2 qian), White Silkworm (1 qian), Borneolum Syntheticum (2.5 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Grind each into powder separately, mix uniformly, and blow into the affected area. Phlegm and saliva will immediately discharge, or transform into water flow.
Tongyou Qian (Camellia Oil Lozenge): Treats throat closure with phlegm obstruction, difficulty in breathing, and inability to take in soup or water.
Administration: Take half a bowl of warm water, add three or four spoons of Camellia Oil, and stir evenly. Dip a stiff chicken feather into the oil, probe into the throat, and repeat probing four or five times continuously. This will expel the obstructed phlegm. Probe again and vomit again, continuing until the patient regains consciousness and their voice becomes loud.
Qingyan Lige Tang (Throat-Clearing and Diaphragm-Relieving Decoction): Treats swelling and pain in the throat and neck, copious phlegm and saliva, as well as Ru E (Goiter/Tonsillitis), Hou Bi (Throat Obstruction), Hou Yong (Throat Abscess), Chong She (Double Tongue), Mu She (Wooden Tongue), or discomfort in the chest and diaphragm, irritability, preference for cold drinks, and constipation.
Base Formula: Scutellaria Root (1 qian), Gardenia Fruit (1 qian), Forsythia Fruit (1 qian), Mint Herb (1 qian), Licorice Root (1 qian), Platycodon Root (1 qian), Coptis Rhizome (1 qian), Rehmannia Root (1 qian), Honeysuckle Flower (1 qian), Burdock Fruit (1 qian), Saposhnikovia Root (1 qian), Schizonepeta Spike (1 qian), Mirabilite (2 qian), Rhubarb (2 qian).
Modifications: May add Cimicifuga Rhizome, Pueraria Root, Isatis Leaf, Indigo Naturalis, Notopterygium Rhizome, Pinellia Tuber, Belamcanda Rhizome, or Sophora Root, etc.
Decoction and Administration: Use two zhong of water and twenty leaves of Light Bamboo Leaf. Decoct until eight parts remain. Add two spoons of honey. Take after meals.