（妇人症见《妇人良方》）
夫肺者，五脏之华盖也，处于胸中，主于气，候于皮毛，劳伤气血，腠理不密，外邪所
乘，内感于肺；或入房过度，肾水亏损，虚火上炎；或醇酒炙爆，辛辣浓味，熏蒸于肺；或咳唾
痰涎，汗下过度，重亡津液之所致也。其候恶风咳嗽，鼻塞项强，胸胁胀满，呼吸不利，咽
燥作渴，甚则四肢微肿，咳唾脓血。若吐痰臭浊，脓血腥秽，胸中隐隐微痛，右手寸口脉数
而实者，为肺疽。若吐涎沫而无脓，脉数而虚者，为肺痿也。若咳嗽喘急者，小青龙汤。咳
嗽胸胀者，葶苈大枣泻肺汤。咳脓腥浊者，桔梗汤；咳喘短气，或小便短少者，佐以参 补
肺汤；体倦食少者，佐以参术补脾汤。咳唾痰壅者，肾虚水泛也，六味地黄丸。口干咽燥者
，虚火上炎也，加减八味丸。此症皆因脾土亏损，不能生肺金，肺金不能生肾水，故始萌则
可救，脓成则多死。若脉微紧而数者，未有脓也。紧甚而数者，已有脓也。《内经》曰∶血
热则肉败，荣卫不行，必将为脓。大凡肺疮咳唾脓血，久久如粳米粥者，难治。若唾脓而不
止者，亦不可活也。其呕脓而自止者自愈，其脉短而涩者自痊。面色当白而反赤者，此火之
克金，皆不可活，苟能补脾肺滋肾水，庶有生者。但恐专攻其疮，脾胃益虚，鲜有不误者
治验
一儒者患肺痈，鼻流清涕，咳吐脓血，胸膈作胀。此风邪外伤也，先用消风散加乱发灰
，二
此脾土不能生肺金，肺金不能生肾水也。用补中益气汤、六味地黄丸而愈。
一儒者，原素善饮，咳脓项强，皮肤不泽。此脾肺气虚，外邪所乘而成肺痈也。先用桔
梗汤，后用人参补肺汤而痊。
一男子咳吐痰脓，胸腹膨胀，两寸与右关脉皆洪数。此火不能生土，而土不能生金也。
用桔梗汤为主，佐以补中益气汤而愈。
一男子不时咳嗽，作渴自汗，发热便数。自用清肺降火、理气渗利之剂服之，反小便不
通，面目赤色，唇裂痰壅，脾肺肾三脉浮大，按之而数。此足三阴亏损，不能相生，当滋化源，
否则成痈矣。不信，仍用分利之药，后果患肺痈，余用桔梗汤及六味丸而愈。
一男子面赤吐脓，发热作渴，烦躁引饮，脉洪数而无伦次。先用加减八味丸加麦门，大
剂一
麦门二钱五分、五味二钱，水煎代茶，日饮一剂，月余而安。此症面赤者，当补肺肾；面白
者，当补脾肺，治者验之。
一妇人素血虚，发热咳嗽，或用痰火之剂后，吐脓血，面赤脉数，其势甚危，此脓成而
血气虚也。余用八珍汤以补元气，用桔梗汤以治肺症，脉症渐愈。
一妇人感冒风寒，或用发表之剂，反咳嗽喘急，饮食少思，胸膈不利，大便不通，右寸
关脉浮数，欲用通利之剂。余曰∶此因脾土亏损，不能生肺金，若更利之，复耗津液，心患肺痈
矣。不信，仍利之，虚症悉至，后果吐脓。余朝用益气汤，夕用桔梗汤，各数剂，吐脓渐止
。又朝仍前汤，夕用十全大补汤，各五十余剂，喜其善调理，获愈。
一妇人咳嗽吐痰，胸膈作痛，右寸关浮滑，项下牵强，此脾胃积热成痰，非痈患也，以
二陈汤，加山栀、白术、桔梗，治之而愈。
一妇人素血虚，内热时咳，甲辰孟冬，两尺浮洪。余曰∶当防患肺症。丙午孟春，果咳
嗽，左右寸脉洪数，此心火型克肺金，而成肺痈也，脓已成矣，夏令可忧。余用壮水健脾之剂稍
愈。彼不慎调摄，果殁于仲夏。
（妇女病症参考《妇人良方》）
肺，是五脏的华盖，位于胸中，主管气，外应于皮毛。因劳倦损伤气血，腠理不固密，外邪乘虚而入，内伤于肺；或因房事过度，导致肾水亏损，虚火上炎；或因嗜食醇酒、炙烤爆炒及辛辣浓味食物，熏蒸于肺；或因咳嗽吐痰涎、发汗或攻下过度，严重耗伤津液所致。其症状表现为恶风、咳嗽、鼻塞、项强、胸胁胀满、呼吸不利、咽干作渴，严重时四肢微肿，咳唾脓血。若吐出臭浊之痰，脓血腥秽，胸中隐隐微痛，右手寸口脉数而实者，诊断为肺痈。若吐出涎沫而无脓，脉数而虚者，诊断为肺痿。若咳嗽喘急者，用小青龙汤。咳嗽胸胀者，用葶苈大枣泻肺汤。咳出腥浊脓血者，用桔梗汤；咳喘短气，或小便短少者，佐以参补肺汤；体倦食少者，佐以参术补脾汤。咳唾痰壅者，属肾虚水泛，用六味地黄丸。口干咽燥者，属虚火上炎，用加减八味丸。此症皆因脾土亏损，不能生肺金，肺金不能生肾水，故在初起阶段尚可救治，一旦成脓则多致死。若脉微紧而数者，说明尚未成脓。紧甚而数者，说明已有脓。《内经》说：血热则肉败，营卫不通，必将化为脓。大凡肺疮咳唾脓血，日久如粳米粥状者，难治。若唾脓不止者，亦不可活。其呕脓而自止者自愈，其脉短而涩者自痊。面色当白而反赤者，此为火克金，皆不可活，若能补脾肺、滋肾水，庶几有生机。但恐怕专攻其疮，使脾胃更虚，鲜有不误人者。
治验案例：
一位儒者患肺痈，鼻流清涕，咳吐脓血，胸膈作胀。此为风邪外伤所致，先用消风散加乱发灰，二剂后……（原文此处似有缺漏，依上下文推断为见效）。此乃脾土不能生肺金，肺金不能生肾水也。用补中益气汤、六味地黄丸而愈。
一位儒者，原本素来好饮酒，咳脓项强，皮肤不润泽。此为脾肺气虚，外邪乘虚而成肺痈。先用桔梗汤，后用人参补肺汤而痊愈。
一位男子咳吐痰脓，胸腹膨胀，两寸与右关脉皆洪数。此为火不能生土，而土不能生金也。用桔梗汤为主，佐以补中益气汤而愈。
一位男子不时咳嗽，作渴自汗，发热便数。自用清肺降火、理气渗利之剂服用后，反而小便不通，面目赤色，唇裂痰壅，脾肺肾三脉浮大，按之而数。此为足三阴亏损，不能相生，当滋化源，否则将成痈矣。患者不信，仍用分利之药，后果患肺痈，我用桔梗汤及六味丸而治愈。
一位男子面赤吐脓，发热作渴，烦躁引饮，脉洪数而无伦次。先用加减八味丸加麦门冬，大剂一服……（原文此处似有缺漏）。麦门冬二钱五分、五味子二钱，水煎代茶，日饮一剂，月余而安。此症面赤者，当补肺肾；面白者，当补脾肺，医者验之。
一位妇人素来血虚，发热咳嗽，或用痰火之剂后，吐脓血，面赤脉数，其势甚危，此为脓成而血气虚也。我用八珍汤以补元气，用桔梗汤以治肺症，脉症渐愈。
一位妇人感冒风寒，或用发表之剂，反咳嗽喘急，饮食少思，胸膈不利，大便不通，右寸关脉浮数，欲用通利之剂。我说：此因脾土亏损，不能生肺金，若更利之，复耗津液，心患肺痈矣。患者不信，仍利之，虚症悉至，后果吐脓。我朝用益气汤，夕用桔梗汤，各数剂，吐脓渐止。又朝仍前汤，夕用十全大补汤，各五十余剂，喜其善调理，获愈。
一位妇人咳嗽吐痰，胸膈作痛，右寸关浮滑，项下牵强，此为脾胃积热成痰，非痈患也，以二陈汤，加山栀、白术、桔梗，治之而愈。
一位妇人素来血虚，内热时咳，甲辰年孟冬，两尺脉浮洪。我说：当防患肺症。丙午年孟春，果咳嗽，左右寸脉洪数，此为心火刑克肺金，而成肺痈也，脓已成矣，夏令可忧。我用壮水健脾之剂稍愈。彼不慎调摄，果殁于仲夏。
(For women's diseases, refer to *Furen Liangfang* [Excellent Prescriptions for Women].)
The Lung is the canopy of the five zang organs. It resides in the chest, governs Qi (vital energy), and corresponds externally to the skin and hair. Laborious strain damages Qi and Blood, causing the interstices (pores) to be insecure; external pathogens take advantage of this weakness and damage the Lung internally. Alternatively, excessive sexual activity depletes Kidney Water (Kidney Yin), allowing deficient fire to flare upward. Indulgence in rich wine, roasted or fried foods, and pungent or strong flavors steams and harms the Lung. Excessive coughing and expectoration of phlegm-saliva, or overuse of sweating and purging methods, severely deprive the body of Body Fluids. The manifestations include aversion to wind, cough, nasal congestion, stiffness of the neck, distension and fullness of the chest and hypochondrium, difficulty in breathing, dry throat with thirst. In severe cases, there is slight swelling of the four limbs, and coughing up of pus and blood. If foul-smelling turbid sputum is expectorated, with bloody and foul pus, accompanied by a dull pain in the chest, and the pulse at the Cun position on the right hand is rapid and excess, it is diagnosed as Lung Carbuncle (Fei Yong). If frothy saliva is expectorated without pus, and the pulse is rapid but deficiency-type, it is diagnosed as Lung Atrophy (Fei Fei). For cough with wheezing and urgency, use Xiao Qing Long Tang (Minor Blue Green Dragon Decoction). For cough with chest distension, use Ting Li Da Zao Xie Fei Tang (Descuraria Seed and Jujube Decoction to Drain the Lung). For coughing up foul-smelling pus, use Jie Geng Tang (Platycodon Decoction); for cough with wheezing, shortness of breath, or scanty urination, assist with Shen Bu Fei Tang (Ginseng Lung-Nourishing Decoction); for fatigue and poor appetite, assist with Shen Zhu Pi Wei Tang (Ginseng and Atractylodes Spleen-Nourishing Decoction). For copious phlegm obstruction due to coughing, it indicates Kidney Deficiency with water overflowing; use Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia). For dry mouth and throat, it indicates deficient fire flaring upward; use Jia Jian Ba Wei Wan (Modified Eight-Ingredient Pill). These conditions all arise from Spleen Earth deficiency, failing to generate Lung Metal, and Lung Metal failing to generate Kidney Water. Thus, they can be saved if treated at the initial stage, but are often fatal once pus has formed. If the pulse is slightly tight and rapid, pus has not yet formed. If the pulse is very tight and rapid, pus has already formed. The *Neijing* states: "When blood is hot, flesh rots; when Ying and Wei (nutritive and defensive qi) do not flow smoothly, pus will inevitably form." Generally, if lung sores cause expectoration of pus and blood for a long time, resembling rice gruel, it is difficult to treat. If expectoration of pus does not stop, survival is unlikely. If vomiting of pus stops spontaneously, recovery occurs; if the pulse is short and choppy, self-healing happens. If the complexion should be white but appears red, this indicates Fire overcoming Metal, and survival is impossible. However, if one tonifies the Spleen and Lung and nourishes Kidney Water, there may be a chance of life. But fear that attacking the sore exclusively will further weaken the Spleen and Stomach, leading to frequent errors.
Clinical Cases:
A scholar suffered from Lung Carbuncle, with clear mucus flowing from the nose, expectoration of pus and blood, and distension in the chest and diaphragm. This was caused by external Wind pathogens. Initially, Xiao Feng San (Wind-Dispersing Powder) with ash of disordered hair was used... This indicated that Spleen Earth failed to generate Lung Metal, and Lung Metal failed to generate Kidney Water. He recovered after using Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) and Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia).
Another scholar, who habitually drank alcohol excessively, presented with expectoration of pus, neck stiffness, and lusterless skin. This was Lung Carbuncle resulting from Qi and Blood deficiency of the Spleen and Lung, with external pathogens taking advantage. Initially, Jie Geng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) was used, followed by Ren Shen Bu Fei Tang (Ginseng Lung-Nourishing Decoction), leading to recovery.
A man coughed up phlegm and pus, with abdominal distension. The pulses at both Cun positions and the Right Guan position were flooding and rapid. This indicated that Fire failed to generate Earth, and Earth failed to generate Metal. Using Jie Geng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) as the main formula, assisted by Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction), he recovered.
A man had intermittent cough, thirst, spontaneous sweating, fever, and frequent defecation. After self-medicating with formulas to clear the Lung, descend fire, regulate Qi, and promote diuresis, he developed urinary retention, red face and eyes, cracked lips, and copious phlegm. The pulses of the Spleen, Lung, and Kidney were floating and large, becoming rapid upon pressure. This indicated deficiency of the three Yin meridians of the foot, failing to generate each other; the source of transformation should be nourished, otherwise an abscess would form. Disbelieving this, he continued using diuretic herbs, and subsequently developed Lung Carbuncle. I treated him with Jie Geng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) and Liu Wei Di Huang Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill with Rehmannia), resulting in recovery.
A man presented with a red face, expectoration of pus, fever, thirst, irritability, and a desire to drink. His pulse was flooding and rapid without order. Initially, Jia Jian Ba Wei Wan (Modified Eight-Ingredient Pill) with Mai Men Dong (Ophiopogon Tuber) was used... Mai Men Dong 2.5 qian, Wu Wei Zi 2 qian, decocted in water and drunk as tea, one dose daily, stabilized after more than a month. For this condition, a red face indicates the need to tonify Lung and Kidney; a pale face indicates the need to tonify Spleen and Lung. Physicians should verify this.
A woman with inherent Blood deficiency presented with fever and cough. After using formulas for Phlegm-Fire, she expectorated pus and blood, with a red face and rapid pulse, indicating a critical state where pus had formed but Qi and Blood were deficient. I used Ba Zhen Tang (Eight-Treasure Decoction) to tonify Yuan Qi (Primal Qi) and Jie Geng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) to treat the Lung condition, leading to gradual improvement in pulse and symptoms.
A woman contracted Wind-Cold. After using exterior-releasing formulas, she developed cough with wheezing and urgency, poor appetite, chest discomfort, and constipation. The pulses at the Right Cun and Guan positions were floating and rapid. There was a desire to use draining and unblocking agents. I said: This is due to Spleen Earth deficiency failing to generate Lung Metal. If we drain further, we will consume Body Fluids again, risking Lung Carbuncle. Disbelieving this, she continued with draining methods, leading to complete deficiency symptoms and subsequent expectoration of pus. I administered Yi Qi Tang (Qi-Tonifying Decoction) in the morning and Jie Geng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) in the evening for several doses, gradually stopping the pus expectoration. Then, continuing the former formula in the morning and Shi Quan Da Bu Tang (Complete Great Tonifying Decoction) in the evening for over fifty doses each, her good compliance led to recovery.
A woman presented with cough and phlegm expectoration, chest and diaphragm pain. The pulses at the Right Cun and Guan were floating and slippery, with tension below the neck. This was Phlegm generated by accumulated Heat in the Spleen and Stomach, not an abscess. It was treated with Er Chen Tang (Two-Aged Decoction) plus Shan Zhi (Gardenia Fruit), Bai Zhu (Atractylodes Rhizome), and Jie Geng (Platycodon Root), resulting in recovery.
A woman with inherent Blood deficiency experienced internal heat and occasional cough. In the first lunar month of the year Jiachen, the pulses at both Chi positions were floating and flooding. I said: One must guard against Lung disease. In the first lunar month of the year Bingwu, she indeed coughed. The pulses at the Left and Right Cun positions were flooding and rapid. This indicated Heart Fire punishing Lung Metal, forming Lung Carbuncle, with pus already formed; summer heat posed a concern. I used formulas to strengthen Water and tonify the Spleen, achieving slight improvement. Due to lack of careful regulation, she unfortunately died in mid-summer.