夫伤寒头痛者。是外中风邪。上注脑中。三阳之脉。受于风寒。伏留不去。则流传于心
肺。故使上焦壅滞。心烦鼻塞。壮热头痛也。
治伤寒头痛壮热。宜服石膏散方。
石膏（半两） 麻黄（三分去根节） 桂心（半两） 细辛（半两） 白术（半两） 赤
芍药（三
分）
裂去皮脐）
薄
上件药。捣粗罗为散。每服四钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。葱白匕寸。豉五十粒。
煎至六分。去滓。不计时候。稍热频服。
治伤寒头痛。心神烦热。四肢不利。宜服黄芩散方。
黄芩（半两） 麻黄（一两去根节） 赤芍药（三分） 石膏（二两） 甘草（半两炙
微赤锉）
桂心（三分） 细辛（三分） 前胡（一两去芦头）
上件药。捣筛为散。每服三钱。以水一中盏。煎至六分。去滓。不计时候稍热服。
治伤寒壅热。头痛不可忍。宜服此方。
石膏（三两） 滑石（一两） 黄芩（三分） 柴胡（三分去苗） 赤芍药（三分） 前
胡（三分
去芦头） 犀角屑（三分） 甘草（三分炙微赤锉） 杏仁（三分汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒微黄）
上件药。捣筛为散。每服五钱。以水一大盏。入淡竹叶三七片。煎至五分。去滓。不计
时候稍热服。
治伤寒壮热头痛。烦躁无汗。宜服浓朴散方。
浓朴（一两去粗皮涂生姜汁炙令香熟） 吴茱萸（半两汤浸七遍焙干微炒） 甘草（一
两炙
微赤
姜
（半两
上件药。捣罗为细散。每服三钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。煎至六分。去生姜。不计
时候。和滓稍热服。以衣覆取汗。未汗再服。
治伤寒头痛。心膈壅疼。宜服旋复花散方。
旋复花（一两） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉） 甘菊花（一两） 芎 （一两） 皂荚树白
皮（三分
涂酥炙赤色）
上件药。捣细罗为散。每服二钱。以水一中盏。入荆芥七穗。煎至六分。不计时候。和
滓热服。
治伤寒痰壅。头痛心烦。四肢拘急。不得睡卧。宜服甘菊花散方。
甘菊花（半两） 旋复花（半两） 防风（一两去芦头） 芎 （一两） 蔓荆子（半
两） 细辛
（半两） 酸枣仁（一两） 葳蕤（一两） 枳壳（半两麸炒微黄去瓤） 甘草（半两炙微
赤锉）
上件药。捣粗罗为散。每服三钱。以水一中盏。入生姜半分。煎至五分。去滓。不计时
候温服。
治伤寒汗后。头痛不解。宜服此方。
石膏（一两） 太阴玄精 麻黄（二两去根节） 甘草（半两炙微赤锉）
上件药。捣粗罗为散。每服三钱。以水一中盏。入竹叶二七片。煎至六分。去滓。不计
时候温服。
治伤寒头痛不止。通顶吹鼻散方。
藜芦（一分去芦头） 瓜蒂（三分） 马牙硝（三分） 龙脑（半钱研） 麝香（半钱
研）
上件药。捣细罗为散。研入龙脑麝香令匀。用少许吹入鼻中。得嚏即瘥。
治伤寒头痛。至甚不解方。
藜芦（一分） 栝蒌皮（一分）
上件药。捣细罗为散。吹少许入鼻中。滴少黄水即瘥。
伤寒引起的头痛，是因为外感风邪，向上侵入脑部。手足三阳经脉受到风寒侵袭，邪气潜伏停留不去，进而流传于心肺。因此导致上焦气机壅滞，出现心烦、鼻塞、高热和头痛等症状。
治疗伤寒引起的头痛和高热，适宜服用石膏散方。
药材：石膏（半两）、麻黄（三分，去根节）、桂心（半两）、细辛（半两）、白术（半两）、赤芍药（三分）。
将上述药材捣碎并过粗筛制成散剂。每次服用四钱，用水一中盏，加入生姜半分、葱白一寸、豆豉五十粒，煎煮至剩余六分药液，滤去药渣。不限时间，趁稍热时频繁服用。
治疗伤寒引起的头痛、心神烦热、四肢活动不利，适宜服用黄芩散方。
药材：黄芩（半两）、麻黄（一两，去根节）、赤芍药（三分）、石膏（二两）、甘草（半两，炙至微红后锉碎）、桂心（三分）、细辛（三分）、前胡（一两，去芦头）。
将上述药材捣碎并过筛制成散剂。每次服用三钱，用水一中盏，煎煮至剩余六分药液，滤去药渣。不限时间，趁稍热时服用。
治疗伤寒引起的壅盛之热、剧烈头痛难以忍受，适宜服用此方。
药材：石膏（三两）、滑石（一两）、黄芩（三分）、柴胡（三分，去苗）、赤芍药（三分）、前胡（三分，去芦头）、犀角屑（三分）、甘草（三分，炙至微红后锉碎）、杏仁（三分，汤浸去皮尖及双仁，麸炒至微黄）。
将上述药材捣碎并过筛制成散剂。每次服用五钱，用水一大盏，加入淡竹叶二十七片，煎煮至剩余五分药液，滤去药渣。不限时间，趁稍热时服用。
治疗伤寒引起的高热、头痛、烦躁且无汗，适宜服用浓朴散方。
药材：浓朴（一两，去粗皮，涂生姜汁炙至香熟）、吴茱萸（半两，汤浸七遍，焙干微炒）、甘草（一两，炙至微红）、生姜（半两）。
将上述药材捣碎并过罗制成细散剂。每次服用三钱，用水一中盏，加入生姜半分，煎煮至剩余六分药液，滤去生姜。不限时间，连同药渣一起趁稍热服用。服药后用衣被覆盖以取汗，若未出汗可再次服用。
治疗伤寒引起的头痛、心膈部壅塞疼痛，适宜服用旋复花散方。
药材：旋复花（一两）、甘草（半两，炙至微红后锉碎）、甘菊花（一两）、川芎（一两）、皂荚树白皮（三分，涂酥炙至赤色）。
将上述药材捣碎并过细罗制成散剂。每次服用二钱，用水一中盏，加入荆芥七穗，煎煮至剩余六分药液。不限时间，连同药渣一起趁热服用。
治疗伤寒引起的痰湿壅盛、头痛心烦、四肢拘急、无法安睡，适宜服用甘菊花散方。
药材：甘菊花（半两）、旋复花（半两）、防风（一两，去芦头）、川芎（一两）、蔓荆子（半两）、细辛（半两）、酸枣仁（一两）、葳蕤（一两）、枳壳（半两，麸炒至微黄去瓤）、甘草（半两，炙至微红后锉碎）。
将上述药材捣碎并过粗筛制成散剂。每次服用三钱，用水一中盏，加入生姜半分，煎煮至剩余五分药液，滤去药渣。不限时间，温服。
治疗伤寒发汗后，头痛仍未缓解，适宜服用此方。
药材：石膏（一两）、太阴玄精、麻黄（二两，去根节）、甘草（半两，炙至微红后锉碎）。
将上述药材捣碎并过粗筛制成散剂。每次服用三钱，用水一中盏，加入竹叶十四片，煎煮至剩余六分药液，滤去药渣。不限时间，温服。
治疗伤寒头痛不止，采用通顶吹鼻散方。
药材：藜芦（一分，去芦头）、瓜蒂（三分）、马牙硝（三分）、龙脑（半钱，研细）、麝香（半钱，研细）。
将上述药材捣碎并过细罗制成散剂，将龙脑和麝香研匀混入其中。取少许药粉吹入鼻中，打喷嚏后即可痊愈。
治疗伤寒头痛严重且久治不愈的方剂。
药材：藜芦（一分）、栝蒌皮（一分）。
将上述药材捣碎并过细罗制成散剂。取少许药粉吹入鼻中，滴出少量黄色液体即可痊愈。
Headache caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage) results from external Wind-Evil invading upwards into the brain. The meridians of the three Yang channels are affected by Wind-Cold, which lingers and remains unresolved, subsequently spreading to the Heart and Lungs. This causes stagnation in the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner), leading to symptoms such as mental restlessness, nasal congestion, high fever, and headache.
For treating headache and high fever due to Shanghan, Shigao San (Gypsum Powder) is indicated.
Ingredients: Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 0.5 liang), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 3 fen, root nodes removed), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 0.5 liang), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra, 3 fen).
Process the above ingredients by crushing and sieving through a coarse sieve to make a powder. Take 4 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong zhan of water, 0.5 fen of fresh ginger, 1 cun of scallion white, and 50 grains of Douchi (Fermented Soybean). Decoct until 6 fen of liquid remains, strain, and drink frequently while slightly warm, at any time.
For treating headache, mental restlessness and heat, and impediment of the four limbs due to Shanghan, Huangqin San (Scutellaria Powder) is indicated.
Ingredients: Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 0.5 liang), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 1 liang, root nodes removed), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra, 3 fen), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 2 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang, stir-baked until slightly red and crushed), Guixin (Cinnamomi Ramulus, 3 fen), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 3 fen), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, 1 liang, rhizome removed).
Process the above ingredients by crushing and sieving to make a powder. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong zhan of water. Decoct until 6 fen of liquid remains, strain, and drink while slightly warm, at any time.
For treating excessive heat accumulation and unbearable headache due to Shanghan, this formula is indicated.
Ingredients: Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 3 liang), Huashi (Talcum, 1 liang), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix, 3 fen), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 3 fen, sprouts removed), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra, 3 fen), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix, 3 fen, rhizome removed), Xijiaoxie (Rhinocerotis Cornu, 3 fen), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 3 fen, stir-baked until slightly red and crushed), Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum, 3 fen, soaked in hot water, skin and tips removed, double-kernel, stir-bran fried until slightly yellow).
Process the above ingredients by crushing and sieving to make a powder. Take 5 qian per dose. Add 1 da zhan of water and 27 slices of Danzhuye (Lophatheri Herba). Decoct until 5 fen of liquid remains, strain, and drink while slightly warm, at any time.
For treating high fever, headache, irritability, and anhidrosis due to Shanghan, Nongpo San (Magnolia Bark Powder) is indicated.
Ingredients: Nongpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, 1 liang, outer bark removed, coated with fresh ginger juice and stir-fried until fragrant), Wuzhuyu (Evodiae Fructus, 0.5 liang, soaked in water seven times, dried and lightly stir-fried), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 1 liang, stir-baked until slightly red), Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, 0.5 liang).
Process the above ingredients by crushing and sieving through a fine mesh to make a fine powder. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong zhan of water and 0.5 fen of fresh ginger. Decoct until 6 fen of liquid remains, remove the ginger. Drink the decoction with dregs while slightly warm, at any time. Cover with blankets to induce sweating. If no sweat occurs, take again.
For treating headache and distending pain in the heart and diaphragm due to Shanghan, Xuanfuhua San (Inula Flower Powder) is indicated.
Ingredients: Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos, 1 liang), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang, stir-baked until slightly red and crushed), Ganjuhua (Chrysanthemi Flos, 1 liang), Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 1 liang), Zaojiaobaipí (Morus Alba Cortex Albus, 3 fen, coated with butter and stir-fried until reddish).
Process the above ingredients by crushing and sieving through a fine mesh to make a powder. Take 2 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong zhan of water and 7 spikes of Jingjie (Schizonepetae Herba). Decoct until 6 fen of liquid remains. Drink the decoction with dregs while hot, at any time.
For treating phlegm obstruction, headache, mental restlessness, limb spasm, and insomnia due to Shanghan, Ganjuhua San (Chrysanthemum Powder) is indicated.
Ingredients: Ganjuhua (Chrysanthemi Flos, 0.5 liang), Xuanfuhua (Inulae Flos, 0.5 liang), Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix, 1 liang, rhizome removed), Xiong (Ligustici Chuanxiong Rhizoma, 1 liang), Manjingzi (Viticis Semen, 0.5 liang), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang), Suanzaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, 1 liang), Weirui (Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma, 1 liang), Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 0.5 liang, bran-fried until slightly yellow, pulp removed), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang, stir-baked until slightly red and crushed).
Process the above ingredients by crushing and sieving through a coarse sieve to make a powder. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong zhan of water and 0.5 fen of fresh ginger. Decoct until 5 fen of liquid remains, strain, and take warm, at any time.
For treating persistent headache after sweating in Shanghan, this formula is indicated.
Ingredients: Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 1 liang), Taiyin Xuanjing (Natrii Sulfas Crystallisatus / Gypsum variant, specific mineral salt), Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 2 liang, root nodes removed), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 0.5 liang, stir-baked until slightly red and crushed).
Process the above ingredients by crushing and sieving through a coarse sieve to make a powder. Take 3 qian per dose. Add 1 zhong zhan of water and 14 slices of Zhuye (Phyllostachys Folium). Decoct until 6 fen of liquid remains, strain, and take warm, at any time.
For treating persistent headache due to Shanghan, Tongding Chuibi San (Penetrating Top Nasal Insufflation Powder) is indicated.
Ingredients: Lilü (Veratri Radix, 1 fen, rhizome removed), Gudi (Cucumeris Fructus, 3 fen), Mayaxiao (Natrii Sulfatis Crystalisatum, 3 fen), Longnao (Borneolum Syntheticum, 0.5 qian, ground), Shexiang (Moschus, 0.5 qian, ground).
Process the above ingredients by crushing and sieving through a fine mesh to make a powder. Grind Longnao and Shexiang separately and mix evenly into the powder. Insufflate a small amount into the nose. Recovery occurs upon sneezing.
For treating severe and refractory headache due to Shanghan.
Ingredients: Lilü (Veratri Radix, 1 fen), Gualoupi (Trichosanthis Pericarpium, 1 fen).
Process the above ingredients by crushing and sieving through a fine mesh to make a powder. Insufflate a small amount into the nose. Recovery occurs when yellow fluid drips out.