除痰下气。治胸胁胀满,寒热呕哕,心下坚痞,短气烦闷,痰逆恶心,饮食不
桔梗(细锉,微炒) 半夏(汤洗七次,姜汁制) 陈皮(去瓤,各十两) 枳实(麸
炒赤黄
上为粗末。每服二钱,水一中盏,入生姜五片,同煎至七分,去滓温服,不计时候。
治肺胃虚寒,气不宣通,咳嗽喘急,逆气虚痞,胸膈噎闷,腹胁满痛,迫
饮食,呕吐痰水不止。
款冬花(去梗) 胡椒 甘草(炙) 荜茇 良姜 细辛(去苗) 陈皮(去白) 干
姜(各四
上为细末,炼蜜丸,如梧桐子大。每服三十丸至五十丸,温汤下,温酒、米饮亦得,不
拘时候,日二服。
治五种咳嗽∶一曰上气嗽;二曰饮嗽;三曰 嗽;四曰冷嗽;五曰邪嗽。
气不宣通所致。无问久新轻重,以至食饮不下,语声不出,坐卧不安,昼夜
胸胁引痛,并宜服之。
肉桂(去粗皮) 干姜(炮) 皂荚(去皮、子,炙黄,各等分)
上为细末,炼蜜为丸,如梧桐子大。每服十五丸,温酒下,米饮亦得,食后服。
治肺虚客热,咳嗽气急,胸中烦悸,肢体倦疼,咽干口燥,渴欲饮冷,多吐
鲜血,肌瘦发热,减食嗜卧。又治或因叫怒,或即房劳,肺胃致伤,吐血呕血,
麦门冬(去心) 丹参 贝母(炒) 防风(去芦、叉、头) 柏子仁 茯神(去木) 杜
仲(
味子(各一
上为细末,炼蜜和丸,每两作二十四丸。每服一丸,水一中盏,煎至六分,和滓温服,
少少频呷,不拘时候。
【功效与主治】
消除痰浊,降逆下气。治疗胸胁部胀满不适,寒热往来,呕吐呃逆,胃脘部坚硬痞块,呼吸短促且心烦闷乱,痰气上逆导致恶心,饮食难以下咽,以及呕吐痰水不止等症状。
【桔梗汤方】
药物组成:桔梗(细切,微炒)、半夏(用热水清洗七次,姜汁炮制)、陈皮(去除瓤,各十两)、枳实(麸皮炒至赤黄色)。
煎服法:将上述药材捣成粗末。每次服用二钱,加水一中盏,放入生姜五片,共同煎煮至七分量,滤去药渣,温服,不限定具体时间。
【大阿胶丸方】
【功效与主治】
治疗肺胃虚寒,气机宣通受阻,咳嗽气喘急迫,气逆虚痞,胸膈部噎塞闷痛,腹部及胁肋部满痛,饮食难进,呕吐痰水不止。
药物组成:款冬花(去除梗)、胡椒、甘草(炙)、荜茇、良姜、细辛(去除苗头)、陈皮(去除白色部分)、干姜(各四两,原文此处似有缺字,依常理推断为剂量单位,结合上下文“各四”后接药材,通常指各四两或类似单位,但原文截断,仅译可见部分)。
*注:原文此处“干姜(各四”后文缺失,且下一段开始新方剂描述,故此处按现有文本翻译。实际上根据《和剂局方》原书,此段应为另一首方剂的开头,但提供的文本中“治肺胃虚寒...”一段似乎缺少完整的药味列表和剂量,或者与上一段混淆。仔细观察文本结构,“除痰下气...”对应桔梗汤;“治肺胃虚寒...”这一段在提供的文本中只有主治描述,紧接着是“款冬花...”,这看起来像是一个新的方剂,但文本中“治肺胃虚寒...”这段文字夹在两个方剂之间,且没有明确的方名。然而,看下文“治五种咳嗽...”之前有一段“治肺胃虚寒...”,其下方列出了“款冬花...”。再往下看,“治五种咳嗽...”下方列出了“肉桂...”。最后“治肺虚客热...”下方列出了“麦门冬...”。*
*修正分析*:
1. 第一段:“除痰下气...饮食不 [断]” -> 这是桔梗汤的主治。
2. 第二段:“桔梗...不拘时候。” -> 这是桔梗汤的方药和用法。
3. 第三段:“治肺胃虚寒...呕吐痰水不止。” -> 这是一个新的主治描述。
4. 第四段:“款冬花...干姜(各四 [断]” -> 这是第三个方剂的药味,但剂量不全。
5. 第五段:“上为细末...日二服。” -> 这是第三个方剂的用法。
6. 第六段:“治五种咳嗽...并宜服之。” -> 这是第四个方剂的主治。
7. 第七段:“肉桂...食后服。” -> 这是第四个方剂的药味和用法。
8. 第八段:“治肺虚客热...减食嗜卧。又治...吐血呕血,” -> 这是第五个方剂的主治。
9. 第九段:“麦门冬...少少频呷,不拘时候。” -> 这是第五个方剂的药味和用法。
*注意*:原文中“治肺胃虚寒...”这一段对应的方剂药味列表在“款冬花”处开始,但剂量“各四”后面似乎缺了字(可能是“两”),且该方剂名称未在文本中明确给出(可能隐含在前文或标题中,但此处无标题)。根据《太平惠民和剂局方》,这首由款冬花、胡椒、甘草等组成的是**五味子汤**或类似变方,但既然原文没给名字,我们只翻译内容。另外,原文中“治肺胃虚寒...”这段文字其实是在“桔梗汤”之后,“款冬花”之前。而“款冬花”这一组药,根据《局方》,通常是**五味子散**或**款冬花散**等。但在本任务中,我们只需忠实翻译。
让我们重新梳理段落对应关系:
**Part 1: 桔梗汤 (Jiegeng Tang)**
- 主治: 除痰下气。治胸胁胀满,寒热呕哕,心下坚痞,短气烦闷,痰逆恶心,饮食不下(原文断句处补全语意),呕吐痰水不止(这句其实属于下一个方剂的主治?不,看标点。原文“饮食不”后换行,接着是药味。说明“饮食不”是桔梗汤主治的结尾,意为“饮食不下”或“饮食不思”。但后面“呕吐痰水不止”出现在“治肺胃虚寒”那段里吗?不,原文结构有点乱。
让我们仔细看原文分段:
1. `除痰下气。治胸胁胀满,寒热呕哕,心下坚痞,短气烦闷,痰逆恶心,饮食不` -> 这里断了。
2. `桔梗(细锉...)...不拘时候。` -> 这是桔梗汤。
3. `治肺胃虚寒,气不宣通,咳嗽喘急,逆气虚痞,胸膈噎闷,腹胁满痛,迫` -> 这里断了。
4. `饮食,呕吐痰水不止。` -> 接上一句,意为“迫使饮食难进,呕吐痰水不止”。
5. `款冬花(去梗)...干姜(各四` -> 这里是药味,但剂量不全,且下一行直接是`上为细末...`。这说明“款冬花...”这一组药属于一个方剂。
6. `上为细末...日二服。` -> 这是该方剂的用法。
7. `治五种咳嗽∶一曰上气嗽;二曰饮嗽;三曰 嗽;四曰冷嗽;五曰邪嗽。` -> 这里有个字缺失“三曰__嗽”,通常是“湿嗽”或“燥嗽”,原文显示为空格或乱码,暂译为“某嗽”。
8. `气不宣通所致。无问久新轻重...并宜服之。` -> 这是该方剂的主治补充。
9. `肉桂(去粗皮)...食后服。` -> 这是该方剂的药味和用法。
10. `治肺虚客热...吐血呕血,` -> 这是最后一个方剂的主治。
11. `麦门冬(去心)...少少频呷,不拘时候。` -> 这是最后一个方剂的药味和用法。
所以,共有四个方剂片段(其中第二个方剂药味剂量显示不全,但结构完整)。
**翻译策略:**
1. **桔梗汤**:主治 + 药味 + 用法。
2. **无名方1(款冬花方)**:主治 + 药味(剂量不全) + 用法。
3. **无名方2(肉桂方)**:主治 + 药味 + 用法。
4. **无名方3(麦门冬方)**:主治 + 药味 + 用法。
*特别注意*:原文中“治肺胃虚寒...”这段文字位于“桔梗汤”用法之后,“款冬花”药味之前。而“款冬花”药味之后紧跟着“上为细末...”。所以“治肺胃虚寒...”是“款冬花”这个方剂的主治。
同理,“治五种咳嗽...”是“肉桂”这个方剂的主治。
“治肺虚客热...”是“麦门冬”这个方剂的主治。
[Indications and Actions]
Eliminates phlegm and directs rebellious Qi downward. Treats distension and fullness in the chest and hypochondrium, alternating chills and fever, vomiting and hiccups, hardness and stuffiness in the epigastrium, shortness of breath with irritability and oppression, nausea due to rebellious phlegm-Qi, difficulty in swallowing food, and incessant vomiting of phlegm-water.
[Jiegeng Tang (Platycodon Decoction)]
Ingredients: Jie Geng (Radix Platycodonis), finely cut and slightly stir-fried; Ban Xia (Rhizoma Pinelliae), washed seven times with hot water and processed with ginger juice; Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), pith removed (each 10 liang); Zhi Shi (Fructus Aurantii Immaturus), stir-fried with bran until reddish-yellow.
Preparation and Administration: Grind the above ingredients into a coarse powder. Take 2 qian per dose, add 1 zhong of water and 5 slices of fresh ginger, decoct together until the volume reduces to 7/10, strain, and take warm. Administer at any time.
[Unnamed Formula 1 (Kuantonghua-based)]
[Indications]
Treats deficiency-cold of the Lung and Stomach, obstruction of Qi circulation, cough with wheezing and urgency, rebellious Qi with deficiency-type stuffiness, choking and oppression in the chest and diaphragm, fullness and pain in the abdomen and hypochondrium, forced inability to eat, and incessant vomiting of phlegm-water.
Ingredients: Kuan Dong Hua (Flos Farfarae), stems removed; Hu Jiao (Fructus Piperis Longi); Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae), honey-fried; Bi Bo (Fructus Piperis Kadsurae); Liang Jiang (Rhizoma Alpiniae Officinarum); Xi Xin (Herba Asari), roots removed; Chen Pi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae), white pith removed; Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens). (Dosage text is incomplete in source, listed as "each 4...").
Preparation and Administration: Grind into a fine powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 30–50 pills per dose with warm water; warm wine or rice broth are also acceptable. Take twice daily at any time.
[Unnamed Formula 2 (Rougui-based)]
[Indications]
Treats five types of cough: 1. Shang Qi Sou (Cough with Qi rebellion); 2. Yin Sou (Cough from drinking); 3. [Missing Character] Sou; 4. Leng Sou (Cold Cough); 5. Xie Sou (Pathogenic Cough). These are caused by obstruction of Qi circulation. Regardless of whether the condition is chronic or acute, mild or severe, up to the point of inability to eat or drink, loss of voice, restlessness in sitting or lying down, day and night, and radiating pain in the chest and hypochondrium, this formula is suitable.
Ingredients: Rou Gui (Cortex Cinnamomi), rough bark removed; Gan Jiang (Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens), roasted; Zao Jia (Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis), skin and seeds removed, stir-fried until yellow (equal parts of each).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into a fine powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of Sophora seeds. Take 15 pills per dose with warm wine; rice broth is also acceptable. Take after meals.
[Unnamed Formula 3 (Maimendong-based)]
[Indications]
Treats deficient-Lung with external heat, cough with rapid breathing, irritability and palpitations in the chest, fatigue and body aches, dry throat and mouth, thirst for cold drinks, frequent expectoration of bright red blood, emaciation with fever, reduced appetite and desire to lie down. Also treats hematemesis and vomiting of blood caused by lung and stomach injury due to shouting/rage or sexual exhaustion.
Ingredients: Mai Men Dong (Radix Ophiopogonis), heart removed; Dan Shen (Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae); Bei Mu (Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae), stir-fried; Fang Feng (Radix Saposhnikoviae), rhizome, forks, and heads removed; Bai Zi Ren (Semen Platycladi); Fu Shen (Poria cum Radix Pini), wood removed; Du Zhong (Cortex Eucommiae); [Missing Ingredient Name] Zi (Seeds...). (Dosage text is incomplete in source).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into a fine powder, mix with refined honey to make pills. Each liang of powder makes 24 pills. Take one pill per dose, add 1 zhong of water, decoct until 6/10 remains, take the dregs and liquid together warm. Sip frequently in small amounts at any time.