治脾胃虚弱,内受寒气,泄泻注下,水谷不分,冷热不调,下痢脓血,赤少
鱼脑,肠滑腹痛,遍数频并,心腹胀满,食减乏力,并宜服。
陈米(炒,二十两) 木香(不见火,一两) 肉豆蔻(生用) 粟壳(去蒂盖,蜜炙,
各二
上为细末,每用二钱,酒一盏,生姜二片,枣一枚,煎至七分,不拘时温服,如不饮
酒,水煎亦得,忌酒面鱼腥等物。
治洞泄不止。
大川乌 绵附 天雄(三味,并炮,盐水浸,去皮脐) 木香 肉豆蔻(煨) 诃子肉
(去
上锉散,每服三钱,水一盏,生姜十片,红枣二枚,盐梅一个,陈米一撮,煎六分,
空心热服。
治证同前。
白茯苓 苍术 浓朴(各二两) 陈皮(七钱) 甘草(二钱半) 诃子 附子 川乌
(各一
上为细末,用神曲糊为丸,如梧桐子大,每服百十丸,空心用米饮汤任下。
《阴阳应象论》云∶喜怒伤气,寒暑伤形。暴怒伤阴,暴喜伤阳。厥气上行,满脉去形
。喜怒不节,寒暑过度,生乃不固。故重阴必阳,重阳必阴。《玉机真藏论》云∶忧喜悲恐
怒,令不得以其次,故令人有大病矣。因而喜大虚则肾气乘矣,忧则心气乘矣,怒则肝气乘
矣,悲则肺气乘矣,恐则脾气乘矣。丹溪云∶夫气周流一身,以为生者气也。阳往则阴来,
阴往则阳来,一升一降,无有穷已。苟内不动于七情,外不感于六淫,其为气也,何病之有
?世言冷气滞气,逆气上气,皆是肺受火邪气,得炎上之化,有升无降,熏蒸清道,甚而至
于上焦不纳,中焦不化,下焦不渗,辗转变为呕为吐,为膈为噎,为痰为饮,为翻胃,为吞
酸,或痞或痛,为胀满,或嘈杂,或噫腐气,或不思食,诸证互见。后人不明经旨,以《脉
诀》热则生风,冷生气,寒主收,引令冷气上冲,气逆气滞矣,非冷而何?《原病式》曰∶
诸气逆冲,上呕涌溢,食不下,皆属于火。诸病吐呕酸,皆属于热。诸积饮痞膈中满,皆属
于湿。然则诸气诸饮诸呕吐翻胃吞酸等病,岂有寒乎?曰五脏各有火,五志激之,其火随
起,若诸寒为病,必须身犯寒气,口食寒物,乃为病寒,非若诸火病自内作,所以气之病寒
者,十无一二。《举痛论》云∶百病生于气也,怒则气上,喜则气缓,悲则气消,恐则气下,
寒则气收,炅则气泄,惊则气乱,劳则气耗,思则气结,九气之不同也。然诸气动作,皆为
热也。子和云∶夫天地之气,常则安,变则病,而况人禀天地之气,五运迭侵于外,七情交
战于中。是以前人惜气,如持至宝,庸人投物,而反伤大和。此轩歧所以论诸痛皆因于气,
百病皆生于气,遂有九气不同之说。气本一也,因所触而为九,怒喜悲恐寒暑惊思劳也。其
言曰∶怒则气逆,甚则呕血及飧泄,故气逆上矣。王太仆曰∶怒则阳气逆上,而肝木乘脾,
故甚则呕吐及飧泄;喜则气和志达,营卫通利,故气缓矣;悲则心系急,肺布叶举,而上焦
不通,营卫不散,热气在中,故气消矣;恐则精却,却则上焦闭,闭则气还,则下焦胀,故
气不行矣。又曰∶恐则伤精,却上而不下流,下焦阴气,亦回还而不散,故聚而胀也。然上
焦固禁,下焦气还,故气下行也。寒则腠理闭,气不行,故气收矣。又曰∶身凉则卫气沉,
故皮肤之理,及渗泄之处,皆闭密而气不流行,卫气收敛于中而不散。炅则腠理开,营卫通
,汗大出,故气泄矣。又曰∶人在阳则舒,在阴则惨。故热则肤腠开发,营卫大通津液而
汗大出;惊则心无所倚,神无所归,虑无所定,故气乱矣;劳则喘息汗出,内外皆越,故气
耗矣。又曰∶疲劳役则气奔速,故喘息,气奔速则阳外发,故汗出,内外皆 越于常纪,故
气耗损也。思则心有所存,神有所归,正气留而不行,故气结矣。又曰∶系心不散,故气亦
停留,此《素问》之论九气,其变甚详,其理甚明,然论九气所感之疾则略,惟论呕吐及飧
泄,余皆不言。惟《灵枢》论思虑悲哀,喜乐愁忧,盛怒恐惧,而言其病曰∶思虑而伤神,
伤神则恐惧自失,破KT 脱肉,毛瘁色夭,死于冬脾;忧愁而不解则伤意,意伤则恍乱,
四肢不举,毛瘁色夭,死于春肝;悲哀动中则伤魂,魂伤则狂忘,不静不正,阴筋而挛,两
胁不举,毛瘁,死于秋肺;喜乐无极则伤魄,魄伤则狂,狂者意不存人,毛革焦,毛瘁色夭,
死于夏心;盛怒而不止则伤志,志伤则喜忘,其前腰脊不可俯仰屈身,毛瘁色夭,死于季夏
脾;恐惧不解则伤精,精伤则骨痿,厥精时自下,是故五脏主藏精者也,不可伤,伤则失守
而阴虚,虚则无气,无气则死矣。又曰∶神意魂魄志精所主之病,然无寒暑惊劳四证,余以
是推展之。怒气所至为呕血,为飧泄,为煎厥,为薄厥,为阳厥,为胸满胁痛,食则气逆而
不下,为喘渴烦心,为消痹,为肥气,为目暴盲,为耳暴闭,筋纵发于外,为疽痈;喜气所
至为笑不休,为毛革焦,为肉病,为阳气不收,甚则为狂;悲气所至为阴缩,为筋挛,为肌
痹,为脉痿,男为数溲血,女为血崩,为酸鼻辛 ,为目昏,为少气,不能报息,为泣则臂
麻;恐气所至为破KT 脱肉,为骨酸痿厥,为暴下渌水,为面热肤急,为阴痿,为惧而脱
颐惊气所至为潮涎,为口 ,为痴痫,为不省人,为僵仆,久则为 痹;劳气所至为咽噎病,
为喘促,为嗽血,为腰痛骨痿,为肺鸣,为高骨坏,为阴痿,为唾血,为冥视,为耳闭,男
为少精,女为不月,衰甚则溃溃乎若坏都,汨汨乎不可止;思气所至为不眠,为嗜卧,为昏
瞀,为中痞,三焦闭塞,为咽嗌不利,为胆瘅呕苦,为筋痿,为白淫,为虑后与气,怏然如
衰,为不嗜食;寒气所至为上下所出水液;炅气所至为喘呕吐酸,暴注下迫。凡此九者,《内
经》有治法,但以五行相胜之理治之。夫怒伤肝,肝属木,怒则气并于肝,而脾土受邪,木
太过则肝亦自病;喜伤心,心属火,喜则气并于心,而肺金受邪,火太过则心亦自病;悲伤
肺,肺属金,悲则气并于肺,而肝木受邪,金太过则肺亦自病;恐伤肾,肾属水,恐则气并
于肾,而心火受邪,水太过则肾亦自病;炅伤脾,脾属土,思则气并于脾,而肾水受邪,土
太过则脾亦自病。寒伤形,形属阴寒,胜热则阳受病,寒太过则阴亦自病;炅伤气,气属阳
,热胜寒则阴受病,热太过则阳亦自病。凡此七者,更相为治,盛衰之理,经曰∶脉滑者多
血少气,涩者少血多气,大者气血俱多,脉来大而坚者,血气俱实,小者血气俱少,脉来细
而缓者,血气俱虚,代者气衰,细者气少,浮而绝者气辟,大而滑中有短气,尺脉涩而坚为
血实气虚,尺脉细而微者,血气俱不足也。刘立之《脉理玄要》曰∶下手脉沉,便知是气沉
,极则伏涩弱,难治。其或沉滑,气兼痰饮,且人身禀天地阴阳以生,藉血肉以成其气,一
气周流以成其神,形神俱备,乃谓全体,故阴阳升降,血脉流行,营卫运转,五脏六腑,相
养相生,皆气之使也。盖天地有五行,而变化生风寒暑湿燥之顺逆,顺之平,逆之害;人有
五脏,亦生喜怒忧思恐。故曰根于化育者,天地之泰和,其体自安,发于 疾者,阴阳之乖
戾。大抵气郁在上,宜以散之,气郁在下,当以利之。此则举其大略言之,工于医者,当推
脉证治之。
治疗脾胃虚弱,体内受寒气侵袭,导致泄泻如水直下,水谷混杂不分,冷热失调,痢疾排出脓血,血色少如鱼脑,肠道滑脱腹痛,排便次数频繁且密集,心腹胀满,食欲减退,身体乏力,以上症状均适宜服用此方。
陈米(炒制,二十两) 木香(不经过火烤,一两) 肉豆蔻(生用) 粟壳(去除蒂盖,用蜜炙,各二两)
将上述药材研成细末,每次取二钱,加入一盏酒、生姜两片、大枣一枚,煎煮至七分满,不限时间温服。如果不饮酒,用水煎煮也可以,忌食酒类、面食、鱼腥等食物。
治疗洞泄不止(腹泻严重如水注)。
大川乌 绵附子 天雄(这三味药均需炮制,用盐水浸泡,去皮和脐) 木香 肉豆蔻(煨制) 诃子肉(去核)
将药材切碎成散剂,每次服用三钱,加入一盏水、生姜十片、红枣二枚、酸梅一个、一把陈米,煎煮至六分满,空腹时热服。
证候与前述相同。
白茯苓 苍术 浓朴(各二两) 陈皮(七钱) 甘草(二钱半) 诃子 附子 川乌(各一两)
将药材研成细末,用神曲糊制作成丸药,大小如梧桐子,每次服用一百一十丸,空腹时用米汤送服。
《黄帝内经·素问·阴阳应象大论》说:喜怒过度会损伤气机,寒暑过度会损伤形体。暴怒伤阴,暴喜伤阳。厥逆之气向上运行,会使脉道充满而形体受损。喜怒没有节制,寒暑过度,生命根基就不稳固。所以重阴必转化为阳,重阳必转化为阴。《黄帝内经·素问·玉机真脏论》说:忧、喜、悲、恐、怒等情绪,如果不能按次序正常调节,就会使人患上大病。因此,大喜导致正气大虚,则肾气乘虚侵犯;忧愁则心气被乘;愤怒则肝气被乘;悲伤则肺气被乘;恐惧则脾气被乘。朱丹溪说:气在全身周流,是维持生命的根本。阳气往则阴气来,阴气往则阳气来,一升一降,无穷无尽。如果内部不被七情所动,外部不被六淫所感,气机正常运行,会有什么病呢?世人所说的冷气、滞气、逆气、上气,都是肺受到火邪气的侵害,得到炎上的变化,只有上升没有下降,熏蒸清窍,甚至导致上焦不能纳受,中焦不能运化,下焦不能渗利,辗转反侧变为呕吐、膈噎、痰饮、翻胃、吞酸,或者痞塞疼痛、胀满、嘈杂、嗳腐气、不思饮食,各种症状交错出现。后人不明白经典旨意,依据《脉诀》中“热则生风,冷生气,寒主收敛”的说法,认为冷气上冲,导致气逆气滞,这难道不是冷吗?《原病式》说:各种气逆冲上,呕吐涌溢,饮食不下,都属于火。各种病吐呕酸水,都属于热。各种积饮、痞塞、膈满、中满,都属于湿。那么,各种气病、各种饮病、各种呕吐、翻胃、吞酸等疾病,哪里有寒呢?回答说:五脏各有火,五志激发它们,火随之而起。如果是各种寒病,必须是身体遭受寒气,口吃寒物,才是病寒,不像各种火病是从内部产生的,所以气病属于寒的,十中无一二。《黄帝内经·素问·举痛论》说:百病都生于气,怒则气上,喜则气缓,悲则气消,恐则气下,寒则气收,热则气泄,惊则气乱,劳则气耗,思则气结,这是九种气机变化的不同之处。然而各种气的变动,最终都会化为热。张子和说:天地之气,常态则安,变异则病,何况人禀受天地之气,五运在外交替侵袭,七情在内交战。所以前人珍惜气,如同持有至宝,庸人却随意投物,反而伤害太和之气。这就是轩辕、歧伯论述诸痛皆因于气,百病皆生于气,于是有九气不同的说法。气本是一体,因触动不同而分为九种,即怒、喜、悲、恐、寒、暑、惊、思、劳。他们说:怒则气逆,严重时呕血及完谷不化的泄泻,所以气逆上了。王太仆说:怒则阳气逆上,肝木乘脾,所以严重时呕吐及完谷不化的泄泻;喜则气和志达,营卫通利,所以气缓;悲则心系急,肺叶布举,上焦不通,营卫不散,热气在中,所以气消;恐则精退,精退则上焦闭,闭则气还,下焦胀,所以气不行。又说:恐则伤精,精退上不向下流,下焦阴气也回还而不散,所以聚而胀。然而上焦固禁,下焦气还,所以气下行。寒则腠理闭,气不行,所以气收。又说:身凉则卫气沉,所以皮肤的纹理及渗泄之处,都闭密而气不流行,卫气收敛于中而不散。热则腠理开,营卫通,汗大出,所以气泄。又说:人在阳则舒,在阴则惨。所以热则肤腠开发,营卫大通津液而汗大出;惊则心无所倚,神无所归,虑无所定,所以气乱;劳则喘息汗出,内外皆越,所以气耗。又说:疲劳役作则气奔速,所以喘息,气奔速则阳外发,所以汗出,内外都超越常度,所以气耗损。思则心有所存,神有所归,正气留而不行,所以气结。又说:系心不散,所以气也停留。这是《素问》论述九气,其变化很详细,其道理很明确,然而论述九气所感的疾病却很简略,只论述了呕吐及完谷不化的泄泻,其余都不言。只有《灵枢》论述思虑悲哀,喜乐愁忧,盛怒恐惧,并说它们的病症:思虑伤神,伤神则恐惧自失,肌肉破削脱落,毛发憔悴色夭,死于冬季属脾;忧愁不解则伤意,意伤则恍惚混乱,四肢不能举动,毛发憔悴色夭,死于春季属肝;悲哀动中则伤魂,魂伤则狂忘,不静不正,阴筋挛缩,两胁不能举,毛发憔悴,死于秋季属肺;喜乐无极则伤魄,魄伤则狂,狂者意不存人,毛发干枯焦脆,毛发憔悴色夭,死于夏季属心;盛怒不止则伤志,志伤则喜忘,前腰脊不可俯仰屈身,毛发憔悴色夭,死于长夏属脾;恐惧不解则伤精,精伤则骨痿,厥精时常自下,这是因为五脏主藏精,不可伤,伤则失守而阴虚,虚则无气,无气则死。又说:神、意、魂、魄、志、精所主的病,然而没有寒、暑、惊、劳四证,我以此推展之。怒气所致为呕血,为完谷不化的泄泻,为煎厥,为薄厥,为阳厥,为胸满胁痛,进食则气逆不下,为喘渴烦心,为消痹,为肥气,为目暴盲,为耳暴闭,筋纵发于外,为疽痈;喜气所致为笑不休,为毛发干枯焦脆,为肉病,为阳气不收,严重时则为狂;悲气所致为阴缩,为筋挛,为肌痹,为脉痿,男子为数溲血,女子为血崩,为酸鼻辛,为目昏,为少气,不能报息,为泣则臂麻;恐气所致为肌肉破削脱落,为骨酸痿厥,为暴下清水,为面热肤急,为阴痿,为惧而脱颐;惊气所致为潮涎,为口噤,为痴痫,为不省人事,为僵仆,久则转为痹证;劳气所致为咽噎病,为喘促,为嗽血,为腰痛骨痿,为肺鸣,为高骨坏,为阴痿,为唾血,为冥视,为耳闭,男子为少精,女子为不月经,衰甚则溃溃乎像堤坝崩溃,汨汨乎不可止;思气所致为不眠,为嗜卧,为昏瞀,为中痞,三焦闭塞,为咽嗌不利,为胆瘅呕苦,为筋痿,为白淫,为虑后与气,怏然如衰,为不嗜食;寒气所致为上下所出水液;热气所致为喘呕吐酸,暴注下迫。凡此九者,《内经》有治法,只是以五行相胜的道理来治疗。怒伤肝,肝属木,怒则气并于肝,而脾土受邪,木太过则肝亦自病;喜伤心,心属火,喜则气并于心,而肺金受邪,火太过则心亦自病;悲伤肺,肺属金,悲则气并于肺,而肝木受邪,金太过则肺亦自病;恐伤肾,肾属水,恐则气并于肾,而心火受邪,水太过则肾亦自病;热气伤脾,脾属土,思则气并于脾,而肾水受邪,土太过则脾亦自病。寒伤形,形属阴寒,胜热则阳受病,寒太过则阴亦自病;热气伤气,气属阳,热胜寒则阴受病,热太过则阳亦自病。凡此七者,相互为治,盛衰的道理,经上说:脉滑者多血少气,涩者少血多气,大者气血俱多,脉来大而坚者,血气俱实,小者血气俱少,脉来细而缓者,血气俱虚,代者气衰,细者气少,浮而绝者气辟,大而滑中有短气,尺脉涩而坚为血实气虚,尺脉细而微者,血气俱不足也。刘立之《脉理玄要》说:下手脉沉,便知是气沉,极则伏涩弱,难治。其或沉滑,气兼痰饮。况且人身禀受天地阴阳而生,藉血肉以成其气,一气周流以成其神,形神俱备,乃谓全体,所以阴阳升降,血脉流行,营卫运转,五脏六腑,相养相生,都是气的作用。大概天地有五行,而变化生风寒暑湿燥之顺逆,顺之平,逆之害;人有五脏,亦生喜怒忧思恐。所以说根于化育者,是天地的泰和,其体自安,发于疾病者,是阴阳的乖戾。大体气郁在上,宜以散之,气郁在下,当以利之。这只是举其大略而言,精通医术的人,应当推究脉证来治疗。
To treat spleen and stomach deficiency (Spleen-Stomach Deficiency), internal invasion by cold pathogen (Cold Pathogen), diarrhea with watery stool (Diarrhea), indistinguishable food and water, imbalance of cold and heat, dysentery with pus and blood where the blood is scanty resembling fish brain, intestinal slipping with abdominal pain, frequent and dense bowel movements, epigastric and abdominal fullness, decreased appetite, fatigue, all these symptoms are suitable for taking this prescription.
Stale rice (stir-fried, 20 liang) Aromatic Aucklandia Root (Muxiang, not roasted over fire, 1 liang) Nutmeg (used raw) Poppy Shell (remove calyx and cover, honey-fried, each 2 liang)
Grind the above herbs into fine powder. Each time take 2 qian, add 1 cup of wine, 2 slices of fresh ginger, and 1 jujube. Decoct until 7/10 remains. Take warm at any time. If one does not drink alcohol, decocting with water is also acceptable. Avoid alcohol, wheat products, fish, and seafood.
To treat intractable profuse diarrhea (Profuse Diarrhea).
Large Sichuan Aconite Root (Chuanwu, processed) Prepared Fuzi (Mianfu, processed) Heavenly Male Aconite (Tianxiong, processed) [These three herbs must be processed, soaked in salt water, skin and umbilicus removed] Aromatic Aucklandia Root (Muxiang) Nutmeg (roasted) Chebula Fruit Flesh (Hehezi, pitted)
Cut the herbs into pieces to make a granular preparation. Each time take 3 qian, add 1 cup of water, 10 slices of fresh ginger, 2 jujubes, 1 sour plum, and a handful of stale rice. Decoct until 6/10 remains. Take hot on an empty stomach.
The syndrome is the same as mentioned above.
Poria (Fuling) Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome (Cangzhu) Magnolia Bark (Houpo) [each 2 liang] Tangerine Peel (Chenpi, 7 qian) Licorice Root (Gancao, 2.5 qian) Chebula Fruit (Hezi) Prepared Aconite Child Lateral Root (Fuzi) Sichuan Aconite Root (Chuanwu) [each 1 liang]
Grind the herbs into fine powder. Use Saccharomyces Granulum paste to make pills, size similar to Sophora japonica seeds. Each time take 110 pills. Take on an empty stomach with rice soup.
The *Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon: Suwen - Yin-Yang Yingxiang Lun* states: Excessive joy and anger damage Qi, while excessive cold and heat damage the form. Violent anger damages Yin, violent joy damages Yang. Jue Qi (Rebellious Qi) moves upward, filling the vessels and depleting the form. If joy and anger are unregulated, and cold and heat are excessive, the foundation of life becomes unstable. Therefore, extreme Yin transforms into Yang, and extreme Yang transforms into Yin. The *Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon: Suwen - Yuji Zhenzang Lun* states: Worry, joy, grief, fear, and anger, if not regulated in proper sequence, will cause severe illness. Thus, excessive joy leads to great deficiency of Zheng Qi (Upright Qi), allowing Kidney Qi to invade; worry allows Heart Qi to invade; anger allows Liver Qi to invade; grief allows Lung Qi to invade; fear allows Spleen Qi to invade. Zhu Danxi said: Qi circulates throughout the body and is the basis of life. When Yang goes, Yin comes; when Yin goes, Yang comes. Ascending and descending, without end. If internally not moved by the Seven Emotions (Seven Emotions) and externally not affected by the Six Evils (Six Evils), how could there be disease in Qi? What people call cold Qi, stagnant Qi, rebellious Qi, and ascending Qi are all due to the Lung suffering from Fire Evil (Fire Pathogen), undergoing inflammatory transformation, rising only without descending, steaming the clear orifices. This may even lead to the Upper Jiao failing to receive, the Middle Jiao failing to transform, and the Lower Jiao failing to seep. Through辗转 transformation, it becomes vomiting, regurgitation, chest obstruction, dysphagia, phlegm-fluid retention, reverse flow of stomach contents, acid regurgitation, or stagnation and pain, distension, heartburn, belching with rotten odor, loss of appetite, with various symptoms appearing together. Later generations did not understand the essence of the classics. Relying on the *Mai Jue* which states "heat generates wind, cold generates Qi, cold governs contraction," they believed that cold Qi rushing upward causes Qi rebellion and stagnation, asking if this is not cold? The *Yuan Bing Shi* states: All Qi rebelling and rushing upward, vomiting and overflowing, inability to eat, all belong to Fire. All diseases involving vomiting and acid regurgitation belong to Heat. All accumulations, fluid retention, stagnation, chest obstruction, and middle fullness belong to Dampness. Then, do diseases such as Qi disorders, fluid retention, vomiting, reverse flow of stomach contents, and acid regurgitation have any Cold? The answer is: Each of the Five Zang Organs has its own Fire. When stirred by the Five Emotions (Five Emotions), the Fire arises accordingly. If it is a disease of Cold, it must be caused by the body being exposed to cold pathogens or consuming cold substances. It is not like diseases of Fire which arise from within. Therefore, among Qi diseases, those belonging to Cold are one or two out of ten. The *Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon: Suwen - Jutong Lun* states: Hundred diseases arise from Qi. Anger causes Qi to ascend, joy causes Qi to slacken, grief causes Qi to dissipate, fear causes Qi to sink, cold causes Qi to contract, heat causes Qi to leak, shock causes Qi to become chaotic, labor causes Qi to be exhausted, thought causes Qi to knot. These are the differences among the Nine Qi (Nine Qi Movements). However, all movements of Qi ultimately generate Heat. Zhang Hezi said: The Qi of Heaven and Earth, in normal conditions brings peace, in abnormal conditions brings disease. How much more so for humans who inherit the Qi of Heaven and Earth, with the Five Transformations invading externally and the Seven Emotions battling internally? Therefore, predecessors cherished Qi as if holding a supreme treasure, while mediocre people threw things away, thereby damaging Great Harmony. This is why Xuanyuan (Yellow Emperor) and Qibo discussed that all pains are due to Qi, and all diseases arise from Qi, leading to the theory of the nine different Qi movements. Qi is originally one, but divided into nine due to different triggers: anger, joy, grief, fear, cold, heat, shock, thought, and labor. They said: Anger causes Qi to rebel; severely, it causes hematemesis and undigested stool diarrhea, thus Qi rebels upward. Wang Taipu said: Anger causes Yang Qi to rebel upward, and Liver Wood invades Spleen, thus severely causing vomiting and undigested stool diarrhea; Joy causes Qi to harmonize and will to reach, Ying and Wei to flow freely, thus Qi slackens; Grief causes the Heart Tie to tighten, Lung leaves to spread and rise, Upper Jiao to block, Ying and Wei not to scatter, Heat Qi remaining in the center, thus Qi dissipates; Fear causes Essence to retreat; retreat means Upper Jiao closes, closure means Qi returns, Lower Jiao becomes distended, thus Qi does not move. It is also said: Fear damages Essence; Essence retreats upward and does not flow downward, Lower Jiao Yin Qi also returns and does not scatter, thus gathering and causing distension. However, since Upper Jiao is sealed and Lower Jiao Qi returns, Qi moves downward. Cold causes pores to close, Qi does not move, thus Qi contracts. It is also said: When the body is cool, Wei Qi sinks, thus the texture of the skin and sites of excretion are closed and tight, Qi does not circulate, and Wei Qi converges in the interior without scattering. Heat causes pores to open, Ying and Wei to flow freely, sweat to pour out, thus Qi leaks. It is also said: Humans feel comfortable in Yang and miserable in Yin. Thus, heat causes skin and pores to open, Ying and Wei to flow freely through fluids, and sweat to pour out; Shock causes the Heart to have no support, Spirit to have no return, thoughts to have no fixation, thus Qi becomes chaotic; Labor causes panting and sweating, internal and external both escaping, thus Qi is exhausted. It is also said: Fatigue and overwork cause Qi to rush rapidly, thus panting; rapid Qi movement causes Yang to emit outward, thus sweating; internal and external both exceed normal limits, thus Qi is exhausted. Thought causes the Heart to retain focus, Spirit to have a return point, Zheng Qi to remain and not move, thus Qi knots. It is also said: Fixating the Heart prevents scattering, thus Qi also stays. This is the discussion of Nine Qi in the *Suwen*, which details changes very thoroughly and explains principles clearly. However, it briefly discusses diseases caused by the nine Qi, only mentioning vomiting and undigested stool diarrhea, saying nothing else. Only the *Lingshu* discusses thought, sorrow, joy, worry, anger, and fear, stating their diseases: Thought damages Shen (Spirit); damaging Shen leads to self-induced fear, muscle wasting, hair becoming brittle and color fading, dying in winter corresponding to Spleen; Unresolved worry damages Yi (Intellect); damaging Yi leads to confusion, inability to raise limbs, hair becoming brittle and color fading, dying in spring corresponding to Liver; Grief moving internally damages Hun (Ethereal Soul); damaging Hun leads to mania and forgetfulness, restlessness and irregularity, penile retraction and cramping, inability to raise both hypochondria, hair becoming brittle, dying in autumn corresponding to Lung; Endless joy damages Po (Corporeal Soul); damaging Po leads to mania, where the manic person disregards others, hair and skin become dry and brittle, hair becomes brittle and color fades, dying in summer corresponding to Heart; Unrestrained anger damages Zhi (Willpower); damaging Zhi leads to forgetfulness, inability to bend or extend the lower back and spine, hair becoming brittle and color fading, dying in late summer corresponding to Spleen; Unresolved fear damages Jing (Essence); damaging Jing leads to bone flaccidity, spontaneous emission of essence, because the Five Zang Organs store Essence and cannot be damaged. Damaging them leads to loss of control and Yin deficiency; deficiency leads to lack of Qi; lack of Qi leads to death. It is also said: Diseases governed by Shen, Yi, Hun, Po, Zhi, and Jing, yet lacking the four syndromes of cold, heat, shock, and labor, I deduce from this. Anger manifests as hematemesis, undigested stool diarrhea, Jian Jue (Boiling Syncope), Bo Jue (Thinning Syncope), Yang Jue (Yang Syncope), chest fullness and hypochondriac pain, Qi rebelling downward after eating, panting, thirst, vexation, Xiao Bi (Consumption Bi), Fei Qi (Fat Qi), sudden blindness, sudden deafness, tendons relaxing outward, carbuncles and sores; Joy manifests as incessant laughter, dry and brittle hair, flesh diseases, failure of Yang Qi to secure, severely leading to mania; Grief manifests as genital retraction, tendon cramping, muscle Bi, pulse flaccidity, frequent bloody urine in men, metrorrhagia in women, sour nose and pungent sensation, blurred vision, shortness of breath, inability to complete inhalation, arm numbness when weeping; Fear manifests as muscle wasting, bone soreness and flaccidity/cold extremities, sudden profuse watery diarrhea, facial heat and skin tension, impotence, jaw dropping from fear; Shock manifests as tidal salivation, mouth locking, dementia and epilepsy, unconsciousness, stiff collapse, eventually turning into Bi syndrome; Labor manifests as throat obstruction, panting, coughing blood, lower back pain and bone flaccidity, lung sounds, destruction of high bones, impotence, spitting blood, dim vision, ear closure, scanty sperm in men, amenorrhea in women, severe decline like a collapsing dam, unstoppable; Thought manifests as insomnia, hypersomnia, dizziness and clouded vision, middle stagnation, closure of Triple Burner, difficulty in swallowing, bitter bile vomiting, tendon flaccidity, white discharge, post-worry Qi deficiency, feeling weak and depleted, loss of appetite; Cold manifests as fluid discharge from upper and lower parts; Heat manifests as panting, vomiting, acid regurgitation, sudden profuse diarrhea with tenesmus. For all these nine, the *Neijing* has treatment methods, simply treating them according to the principle of mutual overcoming of the Five Elements. Anger damages the Liver; Liver belongs to Wood. Anger causes Qi to congregate in the Liver, and Spleen Earth suffers evil. If Wood is excessive, the Liver itself becomes diseased; Joy damages the Heart; Heart belongs to Fire. Joy causes Qi to congregate in the Heart, and Lung Metal suffers evil. If Fire is excessive, the Heart itself becomes diseased; Grief damages the Lung; Lung belongs to Metal. Grief causes Qi to congregate in the Lung, and Liver Wood suffers evil. If Metal is excessive, the Lung itself becomes diseased; Fear damages the Kidney; Kidney belongs to Water. Fear causes Qi to congregate in the Kidney, and Heart Fire suffers evil. If Water is excessive, the Kidney itself becomes diseased; Heat damages the Spleen; Spleen belongs to Earth. Thought causes Qi to congregate in the Spleen, and Kidney Water suffers evil. If Earth is excessive, the Spleen itself becomes diseased. Cold damages the Form; Form belongs to Yin-Cold. Overcoming Heat, Yang suffers disease; if Cold is excessive, Yin itself becomes diseased; Heat damages Qi; Qi belongs to Yang. Overcoming Cold, Yin suffers disease; if Heat is excessive, Yang itself becomes diseased. All these seven mutually treat each other. The principle of excess and deficiency is stated in the Classics: Slippery pulse indicates much blood and little Qi; choppy pulse indicates little blood and much Qi; large pulse indicates abundant Qi and Blood; large and firm pulse indicates solid Qi and Blood; small pulse indicates deficient Qi and Blood; thin and slow pulse indicates deficient Qi and Blood; intermittent pulse indicates declining Qi; thin pulse indicates scarce Qi; floating and interrupted pulse indicates dispersed Qi; large and slippery pulse with shortness of breath indicates Qi deficiency; choppy and firm radial pulse indicates solid Blood and deficient Qi; thin and faint radial pulse indicates deficient Qi and Blood. Liu Lizhi's *Maili Xuanyao* states: If the pulse is deep upon palpation, know it is Qi sinking; if extremely deep, choppy, and weak, it is difficult to treat. If deep and slippery, Qi is accompanied by Phlegm-Fluid Retention. Moreover, humans are born inheriting Heaven and Earth's Yin and Yang, forming Qi through flesh and blood. One Qi circulates to form Spirit. With both Form and Spirit complete, it is called a whole body. Therefore, Yin and Yang ascending and descending, blood vessels flowing, Ying and Wei rotating, Five Zang and Six Fu organs nourishing and generating each other, are all enabled by Qi. Heaven and Earth have Five Elements, and changes generate the regularity or reversibility of Wind, Cold, Summer-Heat, Dampness, and Dryness. Regularity brings peace, reversibility brings harm. Humans have Five Zang Organs, which also generate Joy, Anger, Worry, Thought, and Fear. Thus, it is said that rooted in creation is the Great Harmony of Heaven and Earth, where the body is naturally at peace; arising from disease is the discordance of Yin and Yang. Generally, if Qi depression is in the Upper, it should be scattered; if Qi depression is in the Lower, it should be purged. This merely states the general outline. Skilled physicians should deduce and treat based on pulse and syndrome.