秦越人难经曰∶阴络者，阴跷之络；阴络者，阳跷之络。阴跷为病，阳缓而阴急；阳跷为病，阴缓而阳急。
王叔和脉经曰∶阴跷脉急，当从内踝以上急，外踝以上缓；阳跷脉急，当从外踝以上急，内踝以上缓。
又曰∶寸口脉前部左右弹者，阳跷也。动苦腰背痛，叉为癫痫僵仆羊鸣，恶风偏枯、 痹、身体强。
又曰∶微涩为风痫，并取阳跷，在外踝上三寸，直绝骨是穴。（附阳穴也）
又曰∶寸口脉后部左右弹者，阴跷也。动苦癫痫、寒热，皮肤淫痹，又为少腹痛，里急，腰及髋
下相连，阴中痛，男子阴疝，女子漏下不止。（髋，髀骨也。 ，腰下穴也）
又曰∶癫痫螈 ，不知所苦，两跷之下，男阳女阴。
张洁古曰∶跷者，捷疾也。二脉起于足，使人跷捷也。阳跷在肌肉之上，阳脉所行，通贯六腑，主持
诸表，故名为阳跷之络；阳跷在肌肉之下，阴脉所
行，通贯五脏，主持诸里，故名为阴跷之络。阴跷为病，阴急则阴厥胫直，五络不通，表和里病；阳跷为
病，阳急则狂走目不昧，表病里和。阴病则热，可灸照海、阳陵泉，（在膝下一寸 外廉陷中，足少阳之合也，
筋病治此）阳病则寒，可针风池、风府。（风府在项后入发际一寸，大筋内宛宛中，督脉，太阳、阳维之会也）
又曰∶在阳表者当汗之，在阴里者当下之。又曰∶癫痫昼发灸阳跷，夜发灸阴跷。
素问腰痛论曰∶腰痛不可举者，申脉、仆参举之。（太阳之穴，阳跷之本也）又曰∶会阴之脉，令人腰痛，
痛上漯漯然汗出，汗干令人欲饮，饮已欲走，刺直阳之脉上三 。在跷上 下五寸横居，视其盛者，出血。
王启玄云∶足太阳之脉，循腰下会于后阴，故曰会阴。直阳之脉，挟脊下行，贯臀至 ，循 ，过外踝之后，
条直而行者，故曰直阳之脉也。跷，为阳跷所生，申脉穴也。跷上 下，乃承筋穴也，即 中央如外陷者中也。
太阳脉气所发，禁针刺，但视其两 中央有血络盛满者，乃刺之出血。
又曰∶昌阳之脉，令人腰痛，痛引膺，目KT KT 然，甚则反折，舌卷不能言。刺内筋为三 ，在内踝
上，大筋前，太阴后，上踝二寸所。
王启玄云∶阴跷起于然谷之后，上内踝之上，循阴股入阴，而循腹入胸里、缺盆，上出人迎之前，入 内廉，属目
内，会于太阳、阳跷而上行，故病状如此。内筋，即阴跷之 ，交信穴也。
素问缪刺论曰∶邪客于足阳跷之脉，令人目痛，从内 始。刺外踝之下半寸所各二 ，（即申脉也）左刺
右，右刺左，如人行十里顷而已。
灵枢经曰 目中赤痛，从内 始，取之阴跷。（交信穴也）
又曰∶风痉反折，先取足太阳及 中及血络出血，若中有寒邪，取阴跷及三毛上及血络出血。
李濒湖曰∶足太阳，京骨穴也。在足外侧小指本节后大骨下，赤白际陷中，针三分，灸七壮。 中，委中
穴也。在曲膝后横文中，针三分。阴跷取交信穴，见前。三毛，大敦穴也。在足大指外侧三毛中，肝脉之井也。
针三分，灸三壮。血络者，视其处有络脉盛满者，出其血也。
又曰∶阴跷、阳跷，阴阳相交，阳入阴，阴出阳，交于目锐 。阳气盛则 目，阴气盛则瞑目，热
厥取足太阳、少阳。
甲乙经曰∶人病目闭不得视者，卫气留于阴，不得行于阳，留于阴则阴气盛，阴气盛则阴跷满，不得
入于阳则阳气虚，故目闭也。
病目不得瞑者，卫气不得入于阴，常留于阳，留于阳则阳气满，阳气满则阳跷盛，不得入于阴则阴气
虚，故目不瞑也。
灵枢曰∶五谷入于胃也，其糟粕、津液、宗气为三隧。故宗气积于胸中，出于喉咙，以贯心肺而行呼吸焉。营气者，
泌其津液，注之于脉，化而为血，
以荣四末，内注五脏六腑，以应刻数焉。卫气者，出其悍气之 疾，而先于四末分肉皮肤之间，而不休焉。
昼日行于阳，夜行于阴，常从足少阴分间，行于五脏六腑。今厥气客于五脏六腑，则卫气独卫其外，行于
阳不得入于阴，行于阳则阳气盛，阳气盛则阳跷陷，不得入于阴则阴气虚，故目不瞑也。治当补其不足，
泻其有余，以通其道而去其邪，饮以半夏汤一荆，阴阳已通，其卧立至。其方用流水千里以外者八升，扬
之万遍，取其清五升煮之，炊以苇薪火，沸，置秫米一升、治半夏五合，徐炊令至一升半，去其滓，饮汁
一小杯，日三，稍益以知为度。故其病新发者。复杯则卧，汗出则已，久者三饮而已。
李濒湖云∶灵枢有云∶足太阳之筋为目上纲，足阳明之筋为目下纲，寒则筋急目不合，热则筋纵目不开。
又云∶壮者血气盛、肌肉滑，营卫不失其常，故昼精而夜瞑。老人气血衰、气道涩，卫气内伐，故昼不精而
夜不瞑。又云∶多卧者，肠胃大而皮肤涩，分肉不解，卫气行迟故也。张子和云∶思气所至为不眠、为嗜卧。
巢元方云∶脾病困倦而嗜卧，胆病多烦而不眠。王叔和脉经云∶水流夜疾有声者，土休故也，人亦应之。人夜
卧，则脾不动摇，脉为之数疾也。
一云∶脾之候在睑，睑动则知脾能消化也。脾病则睑涩嗜卧矣。数说皆论目闭目不瞑，虽不言及二跷，盖亦
不离乎阴阳营卫虚实之理。可互考者也。
秦越人在《难经》中说：阴络，是阴跷脉的络脉；阳络，是阳跷脉的络脉。阴跷脉发生病变时，表现为外侧弛缓而内侧拘急；阳跷脉发生病变时，表现为内侧弛缓而外侧拘急。
王叔和在《脉经》中说：阴跷脉紧急，应当从内踝以上部位拘急，外踝以上部位弛缓；阳跷脉紧急，应当从外踝以上部位拘急，内踝以上部位弛缓。
又说：寸口脉前部左右搏动弹指者，属于阳跷脉。其病变痛苦于腰背疼痛，若出现叉（通“瘛”，抽搐之意）症，则为癫痫、僵仆倒地、发出如羊叫声的症状，以及恶风、偏枯（半身不遂）、痹证、身体强直等病。
又说：脉象微涩为风痫，治疗应取阳跷脉上的穴位，位于外踝上三寸，直对绝骨处，即附阳穴。
又说：寸口脉后部左右搏动弹指者，属于阴跷脉。其病变痛苦于癫痫、寒热往来，皮肤麻木不仁的淫痹证，又会导致少腹疼痛、里急后重，腰部及髋下相连部位疼痛，阴部疼痛，男子患阴疝，女子漏下不止。（注：髋，即髀骨； ，指腰下的穴位。）
又说：癫痫发作时肢体抽搐，不知痛苦所在，两跷脉之下，男性属阳，女性属阴。
张洁古说：跷，意为捷疾（轻快敏捷）。这两条经脉起于足部，使人行动轻捷。阳跷脉在肌肉之上，是阳脉所行的路径，贯通六腑，主持诸表，所以称为阳跷之络；阳跷脉在肌肉之下，是阴脉所行的路径，贯通五脏，主持诸里，所以称为阴跷之络。阴跷脉发病，阴气急则导致阴厥、小腿伸直，五络不通，表现为表证和缓而里证严重；阳跷脉发病，阳气急则导致狂跑、目不闭合，表现为表证严重而里证和缓。阴病则发热，可艾灸照海穴、阳陵泉穴（位于膝下一寸，腓骨外侧凹陷中，是足少阳胆经的合穴，筋病治疗此穴）；阳病则发冷，可针刺风池穴、风府穴。（风府穴在项后入发际一寸，大筋内宛宛之中，属督脉，是太阳经、阳维脉的交会穴。）
又说：病邪在阳分表浅者当用发汗法，在阴分深里者当用攻下法。又说：癫痫白天发作灸阳跷脉，夜间发作灸阴跷脉。
《素问·腰痛论》说：腰痛不能举身的，取申脉穴、仆参穴来治疗。（这是太阳经的穴位，也是阳跷脉的根本所在。）又说：会阴脉致病，使人腰痛，痛处漯漯然出汗，汗干后令人想喝水，喝完后又想走动，应针刺直阳脉上方三寸处。在跷脉上下五寸横居之处，观察其血络盛满者，出血治疗。
王启玄说：足太阳膀胱经的脉气，循行腰部下方会合于后阴，所以叫会阴脉。直阳脉，挟持脊柱下行，贯穿臀部至 ，循行经过 ，过外踝之后，条直而行，所以叫直阳脉。 跷，是由阳跷脉产生的，即申脉穴。 跷上下之间，是承筋穴，即 中央如外陷处的穴位。此处为太阳脉气所发，禁止针刺，只观察其两 中央有血络盛满者，才进行刺络出血。
又说：昌阳脉致病，使人腰痛，疼痛牵引胸部，眼睛视物模糊不清，严重时身体反折，舌卷缩不能说话。针刺内筋穴三处，位于内踝上，大筋之前，太阴经之后，上踝二寸处。
王启玄说：阴跷脉起于然谷穴之后，上行至内踝之上，循行阴股进入阴部，然后循腹部进入胸里、缺盆，上行出人迎穴之前，进入目内眦，与太阳经、阳跷脉会合而上行，所以病症表现如此。内筋，即阴跷脉的络脉，交信穴。
《素问·缪刺论》说：邪气客居于足阳跷脉，使人眼痛，从内眦开始。针刺外踝下半寸处各一穴（即申脉穴），左病刺右，右病刺左，如同人行走十里路的时间即可见效。
《灵枢经》说：眼中赤痛，从内眦开始，取阴跷脉治疗（即交信穴）。
又说：风痉身体反折，先取足太阳经及 中穴及血络出血，如果中有寒邪，取阴跷脉及三毛穴及血络出血。
李濒湖说：足太阳经的京骨穴，位于足外侧小趾本节后大骨下，赤白肉际凹陷中，针三分，灸七壮。 中，即委中穴，位于屈膝后横纹中，针三分。阴跷取交信穴，见前文。三毛，即大敦穴，位于足大趾外侧三毛之中，是肝经的井穴。针三分，灸三壮。血络，是指观察该处有络脉盛满者，放出其血液。
又说：阴跷、阳跷，阴阳相交，阳入阴，阴出阳，交汇于目锐眦（外眼角）。阳气盛则睁眼，阴气盛则闭眼，热厥取足太阳、足少阳经治疗。
《甲乙经》说：人患病目闭不能视物，是因为卫气留滞于阴分，不能运行于阳分，留滞于阴分则阴气盛，阴气盛则阴跷脉满，不能进入阳分则阳气虚，所以目闭。
患病目不能闭（失眠）的人，卫气不能进入阴分，常留滞于阳分，留滞于阳分则阳气满，阳气满则阳跷脉盛，不能进入阴分则阴气虚，所以目不瞑。
《灵枢》说：五谷进入胃中，其糟粕、津液、宗气分为三条通道。所以宗气积聚于胸中，出于喉咙，以贯通心肺并推动呼吸。营气，分泌其津液，注入脉中，化生为血，以荣养四肢末端，向内注入五脏六腑，以对应刻漏之数。卫气，出于其悍烈之气，迅速先行于四肢、分肉、皮肤之间，而不休息。白天行于阳分，夜晚行于阴分，常从足少阴经的分间，行于五脏六腑。如今厥气客居于五脏六腑，则卫气独自护卫于外，行于阳分而不能进入阴分，行于阳分则阳气盛，阳气盛则阳跷脉陷（此处原文可能有误，通常理解为阳跷盛或阴阳失衡，但依原文翻译），不能进入阴分则阴气虚，所以目不瞑。治疗应当补其不足，泻其有余，以通其道而去其邪，饮用半夏汤一方，阴阳已通，睡眠立刻到来。其方用千里以外的流水八升，扬之万遍，取其清水五升煮药，用芦苇作燃料火，煮沸，放入秫米一升、制半夏五合，慢慢煎煮至一升半，去掉药渣，饮汁一小杯，每日三次，逐渐增加剂量直到见效。所以新发的病，放下杯子就能入睡，出汗就好了；久病者，喝三次就好了。
李濒湖说：《灵枢》有云：足太阳经的筋为目上纲，足阳明经的筋为目下纲，寒则筋急目不合，热则筋纵目不开。
又说：壮年人血气盛、肌肉滑利，营卫不失其常态，所以白天精神饱满而夜晚安睡。老年人气血衰、气道涩，卫气内伐，所以白天不精神而夜晚不眠。又说：多卧的人，肠胃大而皮肤涩，分肉不解，卫气运行迟缓的缘故。张子和说：思虑之气所致会导致不眠、嗜卧。
巢元方说：脾病困倦而嗜卧，胆病多烦而不眠。王叔和《脉经》说：水流夜疾有声者，是因为土休（脾土休息）的缘故，人也与之相应。人夜晚卧床，则脾不动摇，脉为之数疾。
一说：脾的征候在眼睑，眼睑跳动则知脾能消化。脾病则眼睑涩滞嗜卧。这些说法都是论述目闭和不寐，虽然未提及二跷，但也离不开阴阳、营卫、虚实之理。可以互相参考考证。
Qin Yue-ren stated in the *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues): The Yin collateral is the collateral of the Yin Qiao vessel; the Yang collateral is the collateral of the Yang Qiao vessel. When the Yin Qiao vessel is diseased, the exterior is relaxed and the interior is tense; when the Yang Qiao vessel is diseased, the interior is relaxed and the exterior is tense.
Wang Shu-he stated in the *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic): If the Yin Qiao vessel is tense, there should be tension above the medial malleolus and relaxation above the lateral malleolus; if the Yang Qiao vessel is tense, there should be tension above the lateral malleolus and relaxation above the medial malleolus.
It also states: At the Cun Kou pulse position, pulsation on the anterior part to the left and right indicates the Yang Qiao vessel. Pathology involves pain in the waist and back; if accompanied by spasms (Chi), it manifests as epilepsy, sudden collapse, bleating like a sheep, aversion to wind, hemiplegia (Ban Bi), Bi syndrome, and body stiffness.
It also states: A faint and choppy pulse indicates Wind Epilepsy. Treatment should target the Yang Qiao vessel at the point located three cun above the lateral malleolus, directly opposite the Jue Gu point, which is Fu Yang (GB19).
It also states: At the Cun Kou pulse position, pulsation on the posterior part to the left and right indicates the Yin Qiao vessel. Pathology involves epilepsy, alternating chills and fever, skin numbness from Yin Bi syndrome, lower abdominal pain, tenesmus, pain connecting the waist and below the hip, genital pain, male Yin Hernia, and continuous uterine bleeding in females. (Note: Kui refers to the femur bone; , refers to a point below the waist.)
It also states: During epileptic convulsions, where the patient is unaware of their suffering, the two Qiao vessels are involved; for males, it relates to Yang, and for females, to Yin.
Zhang Jie-gu stated: Qiao means agility or speed. These two vessels originate from the feet, enabling agile movement. The Yang Qiao vessel lies above the muscles, following the path of Yang meridians, penetrating the Six Fu organs, and governing the Exterior, thus named the Collateral of Yang Qiao; the Yin Qiao vessel lies below the muscles, following the path of Yin meridians, penetrating the Five Zang organs, and governing the Interior, thus named the Collateral of Yin Qiao. When the Yin Qiao vessel is diseased, Yin tension leads to Yin Jue (cold reversal) and straightening of the shins, with blockage of the five collaterals, manifesting as harmonious exterior but diseased interior; when the Yang Qiao vessel is diseased, Yang tension leads to manic running and inability to close the eyes, manifesting as severe exterior disease but harmonious interior. Yin pathology causes heat, treatable by moxibustion on Zhao Hai (KI6) and Yang Ling Quan (GB34) (located one cun below the knee, in the depression on the lateral aspect of the fibular head, the He-Sea point of Foot Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, indicated for tendon disorders); Yang pathology causes cold, treatable by needling Feng Chi (GB20) and Feng Fu (DU16). (Feng Fu is located one cun above the hairline at the nape, within the depression between the large tendons, belonging to the Du Mai, and is the meeting point of Taiyang and Yang Wei vessels.)
It also states: For pathogens in the Yang/Exterior, sweating method should be used; for pathogens in the Yin/Interior, purgative method should be used. It also states: For epilepsy occurring during the day, moxa the Yang Qiao; for epilepsy occurring at night, moxa the Yin Qiao.
The *Su Wen: Yao Tong Lun* (Discourse on Lower Back Pain) states: For lower back pain preventing lifting, needle Shen Mai (BL62) and Pu Can (BL63). (These are Taiyang points and the root of the Yang Qiao vessel.) It also states: Disease of the Hui Yin vessel causes lower back pain, with profuse sweating at the painful area; after sweat dries, thirst arises, and drinking leads to restlessness. Needle the upper part of the Zhi Yang vessel three cun above. At the horizontal location five cun above and below the Qiao vessel, observe for full blood collaterals and bleed them.
Wang Qi-xuan stated: The Foot Taiyang Bladder Meridian follows down the waist and meets at the posterior yin, hence called Hui Yin. The Zhi Yang vessel runs alongside the spine downwards, through the buttocks to [missing character], follows [missing character], passes behind the lateral malleolus, and moves straight, hence called Zhi Yang. [Missing character] Qiao is generated by the Yang Qiao vessel, specifically Shen Mai (BL62). Between [missing character] Qiao up and down lies Cheng Jin (BL57), which is the depression in the center of [missing character]. This area is where Taiyang meridian qi emerges; needling is prohibited. Only observe if there are full blood collaterals in the center of the two [missing characters]; if so, bleed them.
It also states: Disease of the Chang Yang vessel causes lower back pain radiating to the chest, blurred vision, severe opisthotonos, and tongue retraction with inability to speak. Needle Neijin (Jiaoxin KI8) three times, located above the medial malleolus, anterior to the large tendon, posterior to the Taiyin meridian, about two cun above the ankle.
Wang Qi-xuan stated: The Yin Qiao vessel originates behind Ran Gu (KI2), ascends above the medial malleolus, follows the medial thigh into the yin region, then follows the abdomen into the chest, enters the Que Pen area, ascends anterior to Ren Ying (LI18), enters the inner canthus, meets the Taiyang and Yang Qiao vessels, and ascends. Hence the symptoms occur as described. Neijin refers to the collateral of the Yin Qiao vessel, Jiaoxin (KI8).
The *Su Wen: Miao Ci Lun* (Discourse on Acupuncture at Strange Points) states: When pathogenic factors invade the Foot Yang Qiao vessel, eye pain occurs starting from the inner canthus. Needle one point on each side half an cun below the lateral malleolus (i.e., Shen Mai BL62). Treat the left side for right-sided disease, and the right side for left-sided disease, effective within the time it takes a person to walk ten li.
The *Ling Shu Jing* states: Red and painful eyes starting from the inner canthus should be treated by taking the Yin Qiao vessel (Jiaoxin KI8).
It also states: For wind-induced spasm and opisthotonos, first bleed the Foot Taiyang meridian, Wei Zhong (BL40), and blood collaterals. If there is cold pathogen inside, take the Yin Qiao vessel and San Mao (Dadun LR1) and bleed the blood collaterals.
Li Bin-hu stated: Jing Gu (BL64) of the Foot Taiyang meridian is located below the large bone behind the base of the little toe on the lateral side of the foot, in the depression at the junction of red and white flesh. Needle 3 fen, moxa 7 moxibustion units. [Missing character] Zhong refers to Wei Zhong (BL40), located in the transverse crease behind the bent knee. Needle 3 fen. For Yin Qiao, take Jiaoxin (KI8), as mentioned previously. San Mao refers to Da Dun (LR1), located among the pubic hair on the lateral side of the big toe, the Jing-Well point of the Liver Meridian. Needle 3 fen, moxa 3 moxibustion units. Blood collaterals refer to observing areas where collaterals are full and bleeding them.
It also states: Yin Qiao and Yang Qiao intersect; Yang enters Yin, Yin exits Yang, meeting at the outer canthus. When Yang qi is abundant, the eyes open; when Yin qi is abundant, the eyes close. For Heat Jue, take the Foot Taiyang and Foot Shaoyang meridians.
The *Jia Yi Jing* states: When a patient suffers from closed eyes unable to see, it is because Wei Qi remains in the Yin and cannot circulate in the Yang. Remaining in Yin makes Yin qi abundant; abundant Yin qi fills the Yin Qiao vessel. Inability to enter Yang makes Yang qi deficient, hence the eyes remain closed.
When a patient suffers from inability to close the eyes (insomnia), it is because Wei Qi cannot enter Yin and often remains in Yang. Remaining in Yang makes Yang qi abundant; abundant Yang qi fills the Yang Qiao vessel. Inability to enter Yin makes Yin qi deficient, hence the eyes remain open.
The *Ling Shu* states: When grains enter the stomach, their dregs, fluids, and Zong Qi form three channels. Thus, Zong Qi accumulates in the chest, exits through the throat, penetrates the Heart and Lungs, and governs respiration. Ying Qi secretes its fluids, injects them into the vessels, transforms into blood, nourishes the four extremities, and internally injects into the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, corresponding to the water clock's measure. Wei Qi, derived from its fierce and rapid energy, moves swiftly ahead in the four extremities, interstices of muscles, and skin, without resting. By day, it travels in Yang; by night, it travels in Yin, usually passing through the interstices of Foot Shaoyin, circulating through the Five Zang and Six Fu organs. Now, if Jue Qi invades the Five Zang and Six Fu organs, Wei Qi alone guards the exterior, traveling in Yang and unable to enter Yin. Traveling in Yang makes Yang qi abundant; abundant Yang qi leads to Yang Qiao vessel depression (or imbalance); inability to enter Yin makes Yin qi deficient, hence insomnia. Treatment should tonify deficiency, reduce excess, unblock the pathways, and eliminate pathogens. Drink one dose of Ban Xia Tang. Once Yin and Yang are connected, sleep will follow immediately. The prescription uses eight sheng of flowing water from a thousand li away, stirred ten thousand times, taking five sheng of clear water to boil. Cook using reed fire. When boiling, add one sheng of Shu Mi (Sorghum) and five he of processed Ban Xia (Pinellia). Simmer slowly until reduced to one and a half sheng. Remove dregs. Drink a small cup of juice, three times a day, gradually increasing dosage until efficacy is known. For newly onset cases, sleep comes upon putting down the cup; sweating indicates cure. For chronic cases, three doses suffice.
Li Bin-hu stated: The *Ling Shu* says: The sinews of Foot Taiyang serve as the upper eyelid frame; the sinews of Foot Yangming serve as the lower eyelid frame. Cold causes sinew tension and inability to close eyes; heat causes sinew flaccidity and inability to open eyes.
It also states: In robust individuals, blood and qi are abundant, muscles are smooth, Ying and Wei maintain normal routines, hence energetic by day and sleeping soundly by night. In the elderly, blood and qi decline, meridians become obstructed, Wei Qi attacks inwardly, hence not energetic by day and unable to sleep by night. It also states: Those who sleep excessively have large intestines/stomach and dry skin, with unresolved interstices, causing slow circulation of Wei Qi. Zhang Zi-he stated: Excessive thinking leads to insomnia or hypersomnia.
Chao Yuan-fang stated: Spleen disease causes fatigue and hypersomnia; Gallbladder disease causes irritability and insomnia. Wang Shu-he's *Mai Jing* states: Water flows faster and noisier at night because Earth rests; humans correspond to this. When humans lie down at night, the Spleen does not move vigorously, and the pulse becomes rapid.
Another view states: The sign of the Spleen is in the eyelids; eyelid twitching indicates Spleen digestion function. Spleen disease causes eyelid heaviness and hypersomnia. All these theories discuss eye closure and insomnia. Although they do not explicitly mention the two Qiao vessels, they are fundamentally rooted in the principles of Yin-Yang, Ying-Wei, and Deficiency-Excess. They can be cross-referenced.