夫妊娠日月未足，胎产未全而产者，谓之半产。盖因娠妇冲任气虚，不能滋养于胎，胎
气不
固，或 扑闪坠，致气血动损，或因热病温疟之类，皆令半产。仲景云∶虚寒相搏，其脉为
革，妇人则半产漏下是也。又云∶半产俗呼小产，或三四月，或五六月，皆为半产。以男女
成形故也。或因悲哀忧恐暴怒，或劳力打扑损动，或触冒暑热，忌黑神散，恐犯热药，转生
他病，宜玉烛散、和经汤之类。《便产须知》云∶小产不可轻视，将养十倍于正产可也。又
云∶半产即肌肉腐烂，补其虚损，生其肌肉，益其气血，去其风邪，养其脏气，将养过于正
产十倍，无不平复，宜审之。立斋云∶小产重于大产，盖大产如栗熟自脱，小产如生采，破
其皮壳，伤其根蒂也。但人轻忽致死者多。治法∶补形气，生新血，去瘀血。若未足月，痛
而欲产，芎归补中汤倍加知母止之。若产而血不止，人参黄 汤补之。若产而心腹痛，当归
川
芎汤主之。胎气弱而小产者，八珍汤固之。血出过多而发热者，圣愈汤。汗不止，急用独参
汤。发热烦躁，肉 筋惕，八珍汤。大渴面赤，脉洪而虚，当归补血汤。身热面赤，脉沉而
微，四君加姜附。东垣云∶昼发热而夜安静，是阳气旺于阳分也。昼安静而夜发热，是阳气
陷入阴中也。如昼夜俱发热，是重阳无阴也，当峻补其阴。若阳气自旺者，四物二连汤。阳
陷于阴者，补中益气汤，重阳无阴者，四物汤。无火者，八味丸。无水者，六味丸。东垣云
∶妇人分娩及半产漏下，昏昧不省，瞑目无所知觉者，缘血暴亡故也。盖有形血去则心神无
所养。心与胞络者，君火相火也，得血则安，亡血则危，心火上炽故令人昏昧。火胜其肺，
瞑目不省人事，是阴血暴去，不能镇抚也。血已亏损，往往用滑石、甘草、石膏之类，乃甘
平大
寒之药能泻气中之热，是血亏泻气及阴亏泻阳，使二者俱伤，反为不足，虚劳之病，昏迷不
省者，上焦心肺之热也。此无形之热，用寒凉之药，驱令下行，岂不知上焦之病悉属于表症
也，汗之则愈，今反下之，幸而不死。暴亏气血，必夭天年。又不知《内经》有说，病起不
足，宜补不宜泻，但瞑目之病悉属于阴，宜汗不宜下。又不知伤寒郁冒得汗则愈，是禁用寒
凉药也。分娩半产，本气不病，是暴去其血，亡血补血又何疑焉(畅快)。补其血则神昌，常
时血下降亡，今当补而升举之，心得血养而神不昏矣。血若暴下，是秋冬之令太旺，今举而
升之，助其阳则目张而神不昏矣(妙在升阳)。今立一方，补血、养血、生血、益阳，以补手
足厥阴之不足也。名曰全生活血汤(半产后诸症，更于产后方论中参用之)。
妊娠时间未满，胎儿尚未发育完全而分娩的，称为半产。这通常是因为孕妇冲任二脉气虚，无法滋养胎儿，导致胎气不固；或者因跌打闪挫、坠落，致使气血动荡受损；又或因热病、温疟等疾病，都会导致半产。张仲景说：“虚寒相互搏结，脉象表现为革脉，妇女出现半产和漏下（非经期阴道持续出血）就是这种情况。”他又说：“半产俗称小产，无论是怀孕三四月还是五六月发生，都称为半产，这是因为男女胎儿在此时已经成形。”此外，如果因为悲伤、忧愁、惊恐或突然发怒，或者过度劳累、跌打损伤触动身体，或者触犯暑热之气，都应禁忌使用黑神散，恐怕其中含有热性药物，反而引发其他疾病，适宜使用玉烛散、和经汤之类的方剂。《便产须知》中说：“小产不可轻视，调养护理应当比正常分娩多十倍。”又说：“半产后肌肉容易腐烂，需要补益其虚损，促进肌肉生长，补充气血，祛除风邪，养护脏气，调养护理超过正常分娩十倍，没有不能恢复的，务必仔细审察。”薛立斋说：“小产重于大产，因为大产如同栗子成熟自然脱落，小产如同生采，破坏了外壳，损伤了根蒂。”只是人们往往轻视而导致死亡的情况很多。治疗方法：补益形体元气，生成新血，祛除瘀血。如果未满月，腹痛欲产，用芎归补中汤加倍知母以制止。如果生产后出血不止，用人参黄芪汤补益。如果生产后心腹疼痛，用当归川芎汤主治。胎气虚弱导致小产的，用八珍汤巩固。出血过多导致发热的，用圣愈汤。汗出不止，紧急使用独参汤。发热烦躁，肌肉跳动筋惕，用八珍汤。极度口渴面赤，脉象洪大而虚，用当归补血汤。身热面赤，脉沉而微弱，用四君子汤加干姜、附子。李东垣说：“白天发热而夜间安静，是阳气旺盛于阳分；白天安静而夜间发热，是阳气陷入阴中；如果昼夜都发热，是重阳无阴，应当峻补其阴。如果是阳气自旺的，用四物二连汤。阳气陷入阴中的，用补中益气汤；重阳无阴的，用四物汤。无火的，用八味丸。无水的，用六味丸。”李东垣又说：“妇女分娩及半产漏下，出现昏昧不省人事、闭目无知觉的症状，是因为血液突然大量亡失的缘故。有形的血液流失，则心神失去滋养。心和胞络分别对应君火和相火，得到血液则安宁，失去血液则危险，心火上炎炽盛所以使人昏昧。火气胜过肺金，闭目不省人事，这是阴血突然离去，不能镇抚所致。血已亏损，往往有人使用滑石、甘草、石膏等药，这些是甘平大寒的药物，能泻气分之热，这是血亏却泻气，阴亏却泻阳，使两者都受伤，反而更加不足，导致虚劳病。昏迷不省的，是上焦心肺有热。这种无形的热，如果用寒凉药物驱使其下行，难道不知道上焦的病都属于表症吗？发汗就能痊愈，现在反而用攻下法，幸好没死。暴发性气血亏损，必然夭折寿命。又不知道《内经》有说法，病起于不足，宜补不宜泻，而且闭目之病全属于阴，宜汗不宜下。又不知道伤寒郁冒得汗则愈，这是禁用寒凉药的道理。分娩半产，本气并未生病，只是突然失去了血液，亡血之后补血又有什么可怀疑的呢？补充血液则精神昌盛，平时血液下降亡失，现在应当补益并升举它，心得血液滋养则神志不昏乱。如果血液暴下，是秋冬时令之气太旺，现在将其升举，助长阳气则眼睛睁开而神志不昏乱。（妙在升阳）。现在制定一方，补血、养血、生血、益阳，以补益手足厥阴经的不足。名叫全生活血汤（半产后的各种症状，可参考产后方论中相关方剂使用）。”
When delivery occurs before the gestational period is complete and the fetus is not fully developed, it is called Ban Chan (half-production/miscarriage). This is generally due to Qi deficiency in the Chong and Ren meridians of the pregnant woman, which fails to nourish the fetus, causing the fetal Qi to be insecure. It may also result from falls, bruises, or drops that disturb and damage Qi and Blood, or from febrile diseases such as warm malaria, all of which can lead to miscarriage. Zhang Zhongjing stated: "When deficiency and cold interact, the pulse becomes Ge (leather) pulse; in women, this manifests as miscarriage and Lou Xia (continuous non-menstrual vaginal bleeding)." He further stated: "Miscarriage is commonly referred to as Xiao Chan (small production); whether it occurs at three to four months or five to six months, it is considered a miscarriage because the male or female fetus has already taken shape." Additionally, if caused by sudden sorrow, worry, fear, or anger, excessive physical labor, trauma, or exposure to summer heat, the formula Hei Shen San (Black Divine Powder) should be contraindicated, as its hot-natured herbs might induce other illnesses. Instead, formulas such as Yu Zhu San (Jade Candle Powder) and He Jing Tang (Harmonizing Meridian Decoction) are appropriate. *Bian Chan Xu Zhi* (Necessities for Easy Delivery) states: "One must not underestimate a miscarriage; nursing and recuperation should be ten times more intensive than after a full-term delivery." It further states: "After a miscarriage, muscles may rot; one must tonify deficiencies, regenerate muscle tissue, benefit Qi and Blood, expel wind pathogens, and nourish organ Qi. With recuperation exceeding that of a normal delivery by tenfold, recovery without complication is assured; this must be carefully examined." Xue Li Zhai said: "A miscarriage is more severe than a full-term delivery. A full-term delivery is like a chestnut ripening and falling naturally, whereas a miscarriage is like picking it raw, breaking the shell and damaging the root system." However, many deaths occur due to negligence. Treatment methods: Tonify body Qi, generate new Blood, and remove stasis. If occurring before term with abdominal pain and impending delivery, use Xiong Gui Bu Zhong Tang (Ligusticum and Angelica Decoction to Supplement the Middle) with increased amounts of Zhi Mu (Anemarrhena Rhizome) to arrest it. If bleeding continues after delivery, use Ren Shen Huang Qi Tang (Ginseng and Astragalus Decoction) to tonify. If heart and abdominal pain occur post-delivery, use Dang Gui Chuan Xiong Tang (Angelica and Ligusticum Decoction) as the primary treatment. For miscarriage due to weak fetal Qi, use Ba Zhen Tang (Eight Treasures Decoction) to consolidate. For fever resulting from excessive blood loss, use Sheng Yu Tang (Sage Saving Decoction). For incessant sweating, urgently use Du Shen Tang (Single Ginseng Decoction). For fever, irritability, muscle twitching, and tendon tremors, use Ba Zhen Tang. For extreme thirst, red face, and a洪 (surging) yet empty pulse, use Dang Gui Bu Xue Tang (Angelica Tonifying Blood Decoction). For body heat, red face, and a deep, faint pulse, use Si Jun Zi Tang (Four Gentlemen Decoction) added with Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) and Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root). Li Dong Yuan stated: "Fever during the day with quietness at night indicates Yang Qi flourishing in the Yang divisions; quietness during the day with fever at night indicates Yang Qi sinking into Yin; fever both day and night indicates Repeated Yang without Yin, requiring vigorous tonification of Yin. If Yang is self-flourishing, use Si Wu Er Lian Tang (Four Substances with Two Coptis Decoction). If Yang sinks into Yin, use Bu Zhong Yi Qi Tang (Supplement the Middle and Boost Qi Decoction); for Repeated Yang without Yin, use Si Wu Tang (Four Substances Decoction). For cases lacking Fire, use Ba Wei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill); for cases lacking Water, use Liu Wei Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill)." Li Dong Yuan also stated: "In women, following delivery or miscarriage with Lou Xia, symptoms of confusion, unconsciousness, closed eyes, and lack of sensation arise because Blood has suddenly perished. When有形 (substantial) Blood is lost, the Heart Spirit loses its nourishment. The Heart and Bao Luo (Uterine Link) correspond to Jun Huo (Ministerial Fire) and Xiang Huo (Ministerial Fire); they are peaceful when nourished by Blood but endangered when Blood is lost. Blazing Heart Fire causes confusion. When Fire overcomes Lung Metal, leading to unconsciousness, it is because Yin Blood has suddenly departed and cannot suppress the pathogenic factors. In cases of Blood deficiency, practitioners often use Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Hua Shi (Talcum), Gan Cao (Licorice Root), etc., which are sweet, neutral, and greatly cold herbs that drain Heat from Qi. This constitutes draining Qi when Blood is deficient, and draining Yang when Yin is deficient, injuring both and exacerbating insufficiency, leading to consumptive disease. Confusion and unconsciousness stem from Heat in the Upper Jiao (Heart and Lungs). This formless Heat, if treated with cold herbs to drive it downward, ignores the fact that Upper Jiao diseases belong to exterior syndromes; sweating would cure it, yet purgatives are used instead. Fortunately, death does not ensue immediately. Sudden depletion of Qi and Blood inevitably shortens life span. One fails to recall the *Nei Jing* stating that diseases arising from deficiency require tonification, not purgation, and that unconsciousness belongs to Yin, requiring sweating, not purgation. Nor does one remember that in Shang Han (Cold Damage) Yu Mao (depression and dizziness), sweating leads to cure, thus contraindicating cold herbs. In delivery or miscarriage, the fundamental Qi is not diseased; only Blood is suddenly lost. Is there any doubt that lost Blood must be replenished? Tonifying Blood revitalizes the Spirit. Normally, Blood descends and may be lost; now it must be tonified and lifted. Nourished by Blood, the Heart Spirit remains clear. If Blood flows down violently, it reflects an excess of Autumn/Winter energies; lifting and ascending it boosts Yang, opening the eyes and clearing the spirit. (The subtlety lies in boosting Yang). I now prescribe a formula to tonify, nourish, generate Blood, and boost Yang, addressing the insufficiency of the Hand and Foot Jue Yin meridians. It is named Quan Sheng Huo Xue Tang (Complete Life Invigorating Blood Decoction) (For various post-miscarriage symptoms, refer to postpartum formulas discussed elsewhere)."