《产宝百问》曰∶胎前喘息,皆由荣卫之气流行失度。气经于脏,脏不能受,诸气上并于肺,肺隘而气争,
故令喘。其始得之,或因恐坠则精却,却则上焦闭而气不行,则留于肝,肝乘于肺,此喘出于肝也。或因惊恐,
惊则心无所根据,神无所归,气乱于中,心乘于肺,此喘出于心也。或因堕水跌仆,肾气暴动,伤而不通,气留于
肾,肾气上乘于肺,此喘出于肾也。或因饱食过伤。动作用力,谷气不行,脾气逆肺,此喘出于脾也。诸脏相
乘为喘,名各不同。
朱丹溪曰∶妊娠因火动胎,逆上作喘,急则用条芩、香附为末,水调服。
吕沧洲曰∶有妇胎死于腹,病喘不得卧,医以风邪伤肺治之。诊其脉,气口盛人迎一倍,左关弦动而疾,
两尺俱短而离经,因曰∶病盖得之毒药动血,以致胎死不下,奔迫而上冲,非风寒作喘也。大剂芎归汤,加催生
药服之,夜半果下一死胎而喘止。其夫曰∶病
外家诚有怀,以室人见嫉,故药去之,众所不知也。
慎斋按∶以上三条,序胎前有喘证也。《内经》论喘属于肺经为病。若妊娠气喘,有乍感风寒而不得卧者,
客邪胜也。发散自愈,参苏饮主之,三拗汤在所斟酌。若脾虚四肢无力,肺虚不任风寒,肾虚腰酸,短气不能
步,猝然气喘不息。此脾肺素亏,母虚子亦虚,肾气不归元而上乘于肺也。生脉散、补中汤去升、柴,加沉香、
补骨主之。《产宝》一条,是泛论喘证,有五脏相乘,非论胎前病也。丹溪火动作喘,此胎前最多,至于毒
药伤胎病喘,时俗往往有之,病机之不可不察者也。
《产宝百问》说:妊娠期间的喘息,都是由于营卫之气(运行于脉内和脉外的气)流行失去常态。气经过脏腑时,脏腑不能承受,各种气向上并聚于肺,导致肺窍狭窄而气机争逆,所以引起喘息。刚开始得病时,可能是因为恐惧坠落导致精气退缩,精气退缩则上焦闭塞而气不能运行,于是留滞于肝,肝气乘袭肺脏,这种喘息源于肝脏。或者因为惊恐,惊则心神无所依托,神志无所归依,气在中焦紊乱,心气乘袭肺脏,这种喘息源于心脏。或者因为从高处跌落或坠入水中,肾气突然动荡,受伤而不通畅,气留滞于肾,肾气上乘侵犯肺脏,这种喘息源于肾脏。或者因为饱食过度损伤,活动用力,谷气不能运化,脾气逆乱犯肺,这种喘息源于脾脏。各个脏腑相互乘袭导致喘息,名称各不相同。
朱丹溪说:妊娠期间因火邪扰动胎元,气逆上行导致喘息,病情紧急时,用黄芩、香附研成粉末,用水调服。
吕沧洲说:有一位妇女腹中胎儿已死,患病喘息无法平卧,医生按风邪伤肺来治疗。诊察她的脉象,气口脉比人迎脉大一倍,左关脉弦动且急促,两尺脉都短促且偏离正常经候,于是说:这病大概是因服用毒药动血,导致胎死未能排出,气血奔迫而上冲,并非风寒引起的喘息。给予大剂量的芎归汤,加入催生下胎的药物服用,半夜果然排出一个死胎,喘息随即停止。病人的丈夫说:岳母确实有孕,但因妻子嫉妒,所以用药堕胎,这是大家都不知道的事。
慎斋按语:以上三条,叙述了妊娠前出现喘证的情况。《内经》论述喘息属于肺经受病。如果妊娠气喘,有突然感受风寒而不能平卧的,是外邪盛实所致。发散治疗即可自愈,主方用参苏饮,三拗汤需斟酌使用。如果是脾虚导致四肢无力,肺虚不能耐受风寒,肾虚导致腰酸,气短不能行走,突然气喘不止。这是脾肺素来亏虚,母体虚弱子体也虚弱,肾气不回归本源而上乘侵犯肺脏。主方用生脉散、补中益气汤去掉升麻、柴胡,加入沉香、补骨脂。《产宝》的那一条,是泛论喘证,涉及五脏相互乘袭,并不是专门论述妊娠前的疾病。丹溪所说的火邪导致喘息,这在妊娠前最为多见,至于毒药伤胎导致的喘息,世俗间往往发生,病机是不可不仔细考察的。
"Chanbao Baiwen" states: Panting during pregnancy is caused by the irregular flow of Ying and Wei Qi (Qi circulating within the vessels and outside the vessels). When Qi passes through the Zang organs, the organs cannot accommodate it; various Qi gather upward into the Lung, causing narrowing of the Lung orifices and contention of Qi, thus leading to panting. Initially, it may occur due to fear of falling, which causes Jing Essence to retreat. As Jing Essence retreats, the Upper Jiao becomes blocked and Qi fails to circulate, remaining in the Liver. The Liver Qi then overacts on the Lung; this panting originates from the Liver. It may also result from fright; fright causes the Heart Spirit to have no foundation and the Shen (Spirit) to have no abode, leading to chaotic Qi in the Middle Jiao. The Heart Qi then overacts on the Lung; this panting originates from the Heart. It may also stem from falling into water or physical trauma, causing sudden agitation of Kidney Qi. Injury leads to obstruction, Qi remains in the Kidney, and Kidney Qi ascends to attack the Lung; this panting originates from the Kidney. It may also be due to excessive eating causing damage, or strenuous activity, where Grain Qi fails to transform. Spleen Qi rebels against the Lung; this panting originates from the Spleen. Various Zang organs overacting upon each other cause panting, with different names for each.
Zhu Danxi stated: During pregnancy, if Fire disturbs the Fetus, causing Qi to rebel upward and induce panting, in urgent cases, use Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) and Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma) ground into powder, taken with water.
Luzhang Zhou said: There was a woman whose fetus had died in the abdomen, suffering from panting that prevented her from lying down. The physician treated it as Wind pathogen injuring the Lung. Upon palpating the pulse, the Qikou pulse was one times larger than the Renying pulse; the Guan position on the left was wiry, moving, and rapid; both Chi positions were short and deviated from the normal meridian pattern. He said: This illness likely resulted from toxic drugs disturbing Blood, causing the dead fetus to remain inside. The violent rushing upward of Qi is not panting caused by Wind-Cold. A large dose of Xionggui Tang (Angelica and Chuanxiong Decoction), added with emmenagogue and parturition-inducing herbs, was administered. At midnight, a dead fetus was indeed expelled, and the panting ceased. The husband said: My mother-in-law was indeed pregnant, but because my wife was jealous, she used drugs to abort it. This was unknown to others.
Shenzhai commented: The above three passages describe the occurrence of panting syndromes before/during pregnancy. "Neijing" discusses panting as a disease of the Lung Meridian. If there is panting during pregnancy accompanied by sudden exposure to Wind-Cold and inability to lie flat, it is due to excess external pathogens. Dispersing treatment will lead to self-healing; Shensu Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Leaf Decoction) is the main formula, while San'ao Tang (Three Unblocking Decoction) should be considered with caution. If there is Spleen deficiency causing weakness in the four limbs, Lung deficiency failing to withstand Wind-Cold, Kidney deficiency causing soreness in the lower back, shortness of breath preventing walking, and sudden incessant panting, this indicates inherent deficiency of Spleen and Lung. The Mother's deficiency leads to the Child's deficiency, and Kidney Qi fails to return to its root, instead ascending to attack the Lung. The main formulas are Shengmai San (Generate the Pulse Powder) and Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) with Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) removed, plus Chenxiang (Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum) and Buguzhi (Psoraleae Fructus). The passage from "Chanbao" is a general discussion of panting syndromes involving mutual overaction of the Five Zang organs, not specifically discussing diseases of pregnancy. Danxi’s discussion of panting caused by Fire is most common in pregnancy. As for panting caused by toxic drugs damaging the fetus, it often occurs in popular practice; the pathogenesis must be carefully examined.