杨仁斋曰∶下崩出血不止,谓之崩中;秽液常流,谓之带下。崩中失血,多因冲任虚损,荣卫受伤得之。
冷带杂下,多因下焦不固,内挟风冷得之,是固然矣。然崩中者,投以芎、归、香附,诸黑药之属,则血
暂止而终不止。带下者,投以熟艾、禹粮、桑螵、牡蛎之类,则带暂歇而终不歇,何哉?经曰∶卫者,所以
温分肉,充皮肤,肥腠理,司开合。卫气若虚,则分肉不温,皮肤不充,腠理不肥,而开合失其司矣。况胃为
血海,水液会焉。胃者,中央之土,又主肌肉而约血水。卫气与胃气俱虚,则肌弱而肤空,血与水不能约制,
是以休作无时,不暂停也。然则封之止之,可不加意于固卫浓脾之剂乎?此桂枝附子汤,以之固卫,人参、白
术、茯苓、草果、丁香、木香,以之浓脾,二者俱不可缺,使气血自循故道,不专收涩以劫夺之也。
吴梅坡曰∶妇女下赤白而不甚稠者,曰白淫,与男子白浊同系于相火,如龙雷之扰而不澄清也。属足少阴、
足太阴,治当清补为主。如有滑白稠粘者,谓之带下,属心包手厥阴、少阳。即如男子自遗之精,甚如沙石之
淋,原乎心包,系乎脊,络于带脉,通于任脉,下抵涌泉,上至泥丸,治宜血肉之剂以培之。此穷源探本之论,
时人皆泥于常套,作流痰治,以牡蛎、龙骨、地榆、胶、艾之类涩之,和以四物,加以升提。殊不知根本损伤,
以致腐败而来。彼寒滞不清之物,则益加其滞。升提不正之气,则愈增其郁。唯以六龙固本丸、十六味保元汤
主之。证属于虚,宜当补养。其他书以痰以湿,俗谓五内冷。又云,白属气,赤属血,皆泛而不切之言也。明
于斯道者,必有神悟焉。十六味保元汤,治赤白带下。骨碎补、贯众,去毛三
钱;杜仲、小茴香,盐酒炒一钱五分;人参二钱,黄 一钱,巴戟二钱,当归一钱,石斛七分,升麻七分,山
药一钱,生草六分,独活一钱,茯苓七分,莲须一钱,黄柏八分,圆肉三枚。六龙固本丸,山药四两,巴戟肉
四两,小茱萸四两,川楝子二两,小茴香一两,补骨脂二两,青盐三钱,汤拌人参二两,莲肉二两,黄 二两,
川芎一两,木瓜一两。
杨仁斋说:下部出血不止,称为崩中;秽浊液体常流,称为带下。崩中失血,多因冲任二脉虚损,营卫之气受伤所致。
冷性带下夹杂排出,多因下焦不固摄,内部兼夹风邪寒气所致,这当然是对的。然而治疗崩中,若投用川芎、当归、香附以及各类黑色药物(如黑姜、黑蒲黄等),则血液暂时停止而最终仍会不止。治疗带下,若投用熟艾叶、禹余粮、桑螵蛸、牡蛎之类收敛固涩药,则带下暂时缓解而最终仍不缓解,为什么呢?《内经》说:卫气的作用是温煦肌肉,充实皮肤,肥厚腠理,主管汗孔的开合。卫气如果虚弱,则肌肉不温,皮肤不充,腠理不肥,从而开合功能失去主宰。况且胃为血海,水液汇聚于此。胃属中央之土,又主管肌肉并能约束血与水液。卫气与胃气都虚弱,则肌肉软弱而肌肤空虚,血与水液不能相互约束控制,因此发作没有定时,不会暂停。既然如此,那么在封固止涩时,难道不需要在巩固卫气、厚补脾胃的方剂上多加留意吗?这就是桂枝附子汤(Guizhi Fuzi Decoction),用它来巩固卫气;人参、白术、茯苓、草果、丁香、木香,用它来厚补脾胃,这两者都不可缺省,使气血自然回归正道,而不是专门使用收涩药强行劫夺。
吴梅坡说:妇女排出赤白分泌物且不太稠厚的,称为白淫,与男子的白浊同属于相火妄动,如同龙雷之火扰动而不能澄清。病位涉及足少阴肾经和足太阴脾经,治疗应当以清补为主。如果有滑腻白稠粘的分泌物,称为带下,病位涉及心包手厥阴经和少阳经。就像男子梦遗精出,甚或如沙石淋沥,根源在心包,关联于脊柱,联络于带脉,通达于任脉,下至涌泉穴,上至泥丸宫,治疗适宜用血肉有情之品来培补。这是穷究本源探求根本的论述,当时的人都被常规套路所拘泥,将其当作流痰治疗,用牡蛎、龙骨、地榆、阿胶、艾叶之类进行涩敛,配合四物汤,加上升提药物。殊不知这是根本损伤,导致腐败之物产生。那些寒滞不清的物质,只会更加增加其滞涩。升提不正之气,只会更加增加其郁结。唯有使用六龙固本丸(Liulong Guben Pill)和十六味保元汤(Shiliuwei Baoyuan Decoction)作为主方。证候属于虚损,应当予以补养。其他书籍将其归咎于痰湿,俗话说是五脏寒冷。又说白色属气,红色属血,都是空泛而不切实际的言论。明白这个道理的人,必定会有神妙的领悟。十六味保元汤,用于治疗赤白带下。骨碎补、贯众,去毛三钱;杜仲、小茴香,用盐酒炒制一钱五分;人参二钱,黄芪一钱,巴戟天二钱,当归一钱,石斛七分,升麻七分,山药一钱,生甘草六分,独活一钱,茯苓七分,莲须一钱,黄柏八分,桂圆肉三枚。六龙固本丸,山药四两,巴戟肉四两,小茱萸四两,川楝子二两,小茴香一两,补骨脂二两,青盐三钱,用人参二两拌汤送服,莲肉二两,黄芪二两,川芎一两,木瓜一两。
Yang Renzhai stated: Profuse bleeding from the lower jiao that does not stop is called *Bengzhong* (Metrorrhagia); the constant flow of turbid fluid is called *Daixia* (Leukorrhea). Blood loss in *Bengzhong* is mostly caused by deficiency and damage to the Chong and Ren vessels, resulting from injury to Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi.
Cold-type leukorrhea mixed with discharge is mostly due to insecurity of the lower jiao combined internally with wind-cold pathogens; this is indeed correct. However, for *Bengzhong*, if one administers Xiong (Ligusticum), Gui (Angelica sinensis), Xiangfu (Cyperus), and other black-processed herbs, the bleeding may temporarily cease but will ultimately recur. For *Daixia*, if one administers Shu Ai Ye (Mugwort leaf processed with honey/soil), Yuliang Shi (Hematite), Sangpiaoxiao (Mantis egg case), and Muli (Oyster shell), the discharge may temporarily subside but will ultimately persist. Why? The Classics state: "Wei Qi warms the muscles, fills the skin, thickens the interstices, and controls the opening and closing." If Wei Qi is deficient, the muscles are not warm, the skin is not filled, the interstices are not thickened, and the control of opening and closing is lost. Moreover, the Stomach is the Sea of Blood, where fluids converge. The Stomach belongs to Earth in the center, governs the muscles, and constrains blood and fluids. When both Wei Qi and Stomach Qi are deficient, the muscles become weak and the skin hollow; blood and fluids cannot constrain each other, hence the condition arises without fixed timing and does not pause. Therefore, when employing astringent methods, must we not pay special attention to formulas that consolidate Wei Qi and strengthen the Spleen? This refers to Guizhi Fuzi Decoction (Cinnamon Twig and Aconite Decoction) to consolidate Wei Qi; Renshen (Ginseng), Baizhu (Atractylodes macrocephala), Fuling (Poria), Caoguo (Tsaoko cardamom), Dingxiang (Clove), and Muxiang (Aucklandia) to strengthen the Spleen. Both aspects are indispensable, allowing Qi and Blood to return to their normal pathways, rather than solely using astringents to forcibly arrest them.
Wu Meipo stated: In women, the discharge of red and white fluids that is not very thick is called *Baiyin* (White Leucorrhea); it is related to Minister Fire (Xiang Huo) dysfunction, similar to the disturbance of Dragon and Thunder fire that fails to clarify. It involves the Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridian and Foot Taiyin Spleen Meridian; treatment should focus on clearing and tonifying. If there is slippery, white, thick, and sticky discharge, it is called *Daixia*; it involves the Pericardium Hand-Jueyin Meridian and Shaoyang Meridian. Just as in men, spontaneous emission of semen or even sand-like gravel dysuria originates from the Pericardium, relates to the spine, connects to the Dai (Belt) Vessel, communicates with the Ren (Conception) Vessel, descends to Yongquan (KI1), and ascends to Niwan Palace; treatment is suitable with animal-derived tonics to nourish. This is a theory exploring the root source. People at the time were stuck in routine practices, treating it as flowing phlegm, using Muli (Oyster shell), Longgu (Fossilized bone), Diyü (Sanguisorba), Ejiao (Donkey-hide gelatin), and Ai Ye (Mugwort) to astringe, combined with Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction), plus lifting agents. They did not realize that the root was damaged, leading to putrefaction. Cold and stagnant turbid substances only increase stagnation. Lifting abnormal Qi only increases depression. Only Liulong Guben Pill (Six Dragons Root-Securing Pill) and Shiliuwei Baoyuan Decoction (Sixteen-Ingredient Origin-Preserving Decoction) should be used as main prescriptions. Since the syndrome belongs to deficiency, tonification and nourishment are appropriate. Other books attribute it to phlegm and dampness, or colloquially say the five zang organs are cold. Some claim white represents Qi and red represents Blood; these are vague and imprecise statements. Those who understand this principle will surely have divine insight. Shiliuwei Baoyuan Decoction treats red and white leukorrhea. Gusui Bu (Drynaria), Guanzhong (Cyrtomium), de-haired, 3 qian; Duzhong (Eucommia), Xiaohuixiang (Fennel), stir-fried with salt wine, 1.5 qian; Renshen (Ginseng), 2 qian; Huangqi (Astragalus), 1 qian; Bajitian (Morinda), 2 qian; Danggui (Angelica sinensis), 1 qian; Shihu (Dendrobium), 7 fen; Shengma (Cimicifuga), 7 fen; Shanyao (Dioscorea), 1 qian; Sheng Gancao (Licorice root), 6 fen; Duhuo (Angelica pubescens), 1 qian; Fuling (Poria), 7 fen; Lianxu (Lotus stamen), 1 qian; Huangbai (Phellodendron bark), 8 fen; Yuanrou (Longan aril), 3 pieces. Liulong Guben Pill: Shanyao (Dioscorea), 4 liang; Bajitian Rou (Morinda flesh), 4 liang; Xiao Zhuyu (Cornus officinalis), 4 liang; Chuanlianzi (Toosendan fruit), 2 liang; Xiaohuixiang (Fennel), 1 liang; Buguzhi (Psoralea), 2 liang; Qingyan (Green salt), 3 qian; Renshen (Ginseng) 2 liang mixed with decoction; Lianrou (Lotus seed flesh), 2 liang; Huangqi (Astragalus), 2 liang; Chuanxiong (Ligusticum chuanxiong), 1 liang; Mugua (Chaenomeles), 1 liang.