朱丹溪曰∶赤白带,罗先生法,或十枣汤、神佑丸,或玉烛散,皆可用。但虚者不可峻攻,实者可行也。
血虚加减四物,气虚以参、术、陈皮间用之。赤属血,白属气。主治以燥湿为先,甚者固肠丸。若有相火动者,
诸药中加炒黄柏,滑脱加龙骨、赤石脂。妇人带下,与男子梦遗同治之。
方约之曰∶带脉总束诸脉,使不妄行,如人束带而前垂也。妇人多郁怒伤肝,肝属木,脾属土。肝邪乘脾,
则土受伤而有湿,湿生热,热则流通,故滑浊之物渗入膀胱,从小便而出。古人作湿寒,用辛温药则非矣。丹
溪作湿热,用苦寒药为是。不知用苦寒正治也,用辛温从治也。如湿热怫郁于内,腹痛带下,非辛温从治,能
开散之乎?若少腹不痛,止下赤白带者,虽有湿热,而气不郁结,用苦寒治之为当也。
刘宗浓曰∶带证多本阴虚阳竭,荣气不升,经脉凝泣,卫气下陷,精气累滞下焦奇经之分,蕴积而成。其病
或醉饱房劳,服燥剂所致。亦有湿痰流注下焦,或肾肝阴淫之湿胜,或因惊恐而木乘土位,浊液下流,或思想
无穷而为筋痿,或余经湿热屈滞少腹而下。是皆气血虚损,荣卫之精气累滞而成也。前人立论,已尽病机,治无
定法。如戴人以带下得两手俱滑大有力,上用宣去痰饮,下以导水丸泄热去湿,继以淡剂渗之,此泻实法也。
若诸脉微细,或沉紧而涩,按之空虚,或洪大而涩,按之无力,正元气不足,阴虚中寒,东垣有补阳调经之剂。
丹溪治湿痰下注,用海石、南星、半夏之类,并加升提之法。或发中兼补,补中兼利,燥中兼升发,润中益气
兼收涩。其例不一,正以病机有轻重
浅深之异耳。
朱丹溪说:治疗赤白带下,罗先生(罗天益)的方法中,十枣汤、神佑丸或玉烛散都可以使用。但是体质虚弱的人不可使用猛烈攻下的药物,只有实证患者才可以采用攻法。
如果是血虚引起的,在四物汤基础上进行加减;如果是气虚引起的,用人参、白术、陈皮交替使用。赤色带下属血分病变,白色带下属气分病变。治疗原则以燥湿为首要,病情严重的用固肠丸。如果伴有相火妄动,在各药中加入炒黄柏;如果滑脱不禁,加入龙骨、赤石脂。妇女的带下病,治疗方法与男子梦遗相同。
方约之说:带脉总束全身各条经脉,使其不妄行,就像人束着腰带向前垂挂一样。妇人多因郁怒伤肝,肝属木,脾属土。肝气邪实乘犯脾土,导致脾土受伤而生湿,湿气产生热,热则使气血流通,所以浑浊之物渗入膀胱,从小便排出。古人认为是湿寒,使用辛温药物是错误的。丹溪认为是湿热,使用苦寒药物是正确的。这里所说的“不知”,是指不知道苦寒是正治法,辛温是从治法。如果湿热郁结于体内,出现腹痛和带下,如果不使用辛温从治法,怎么能开散郁结呢?如果小腹部不痛,只是流出赤白带,虽然有湿热,但气机没有郁结,使用苦寒药物治疗才是恰当的。
刘宗浓说:带下证多根本在于阴虚阳竭,营气不能上升,经脉凝滞不畅,卫气下陷,精气累滞在下焦奇经的部位,蕴积而成。这种病或因醉酒饱食、房劳过度,或因服用燥热药物所致。也有湿痰流注到下焦,或者肾肝阴盛之湿偏胜,或者因为惊恐导致肝木乘克脾土,浊液向下流动,或者思虑无穷导致筋痿,或者其余经络湿热屈滞于少腹而向下流出。这些都是气血虚损,营卫的精气累滞而成的。前人的立论,已经穷尽了病机,治疗没有固定的方法。比如张子和认为带下病患者两手脉象都滑大有力,上部用宣吐法去除痰饮,下部用导水丸泄热去湿,随后用淡渗利湿的药物进一步治疗,这是泻实的方法。如果各种脉象微细,或者沉紧而涩,按之空虚,或者洪大而涩,按之无力,这是正气元气不足,阴虚中寒,李东垣有补阳调经的方剂。丹溪治疗湿痰下注,使用海浮石、南星、半夏之类的药物,并加上升提的方法。或者发汗兼补益,补益兼利湿,燥湿兼升发,润燥兼益气并收涩。例子不一,正是因为病机有轻重浅深的差异罢了。
Zhu Danxi stated: For the treatment of red and white leukorrhea, Luo Xiansheng’s (Luo Tianyi) methods include the use of Shizao Tang (Ten Jujube Decoction), Shenyou Wan (Divine Protection Pill), or Yuzhu San (Jade Candle Powder), all of which are applicable. However, patients with deficiency should not undergo harsh purgation; only those with excess patterns may be treated with purgative methods.
For blood deficiency, Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) should be modified accordingly; for qi deficiency, Renshen (Radix Ginseng), Baizhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae), and Chenpi (Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae) should be used alternately. Red discharge pertains to the blood level, while white discharge pertains to the qi level. The primary therapeutic principle is to dry dampness first; in severe cases, Guchang Wan (Intestine-Securing Pill) is indicated. If there is hyperactivity of ministerial fire (Xianghuo, 相火), Chao Huangbai (Fried Phellodendri Cortex) should be added to the formula; if there is slipping and loss of control, Longgu (Fossilized Bones) and Chishizhi (Halloysitum Rubrum) should be added. The treatment of leukorrhea in women follows the same principles as the treatment of nocturnal emission in men.
Fang Yuezhi stated: The Dai Mai (Girdle Vessel) binds all the vessels, preventing them from acting recklessly, much like a person wearing a belt that hangs forward. Women often suffer liver injury due to depression and anger. The Liver belongs to Wood, and the Spleen belongs to Earth. When Liver pathogenic factors invade the Spleen, the Earth element is damaged, leading to the generation of dampness. Dampness generates heat, and heat promotes circulation, causing turbid substances to seep into the Bladder and exit via urination. Ancients attributed this to cold-dampness and prescribed acrid-warm herbs, which was incorrect. Danxi correctly identified it as damp-heat and prescribed bitter-cold herbs. The term "not knowing" refers to failing to distinguish that bitter-cold represents direct treatment (Zhengzhi, 正治), whereas acrid-warm represents contrary treatment (Congzhi, 从治). If damp-heat is constrained internally, causing abdominal pain and leukorrhea, can one disperse the constraint without using acrid-warm contrary treatment? If there is no lower abdominal pain and only red and white discharge occurs, even if damp-heat is present, if the qi mechanism is not constrained, treating with bitter-cold herbs is appropriate.
Liu Zongnong stated: Leukorrhea syndromes generally originate from yin deficiency and yang exhaustion, where Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) fails to ascend, meridians become stagnant, and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) sinks. Essence and qi accumulate in the Lower Jiao (Lower Burner) and the extraordinary vessels, condensing to form the disease. Etiologies include drunkenness and overeating, sexual fatigue, or the ingestion of drying-hot agents. Other causes involve damp-phlegm flowing into the Lower Jiao, excessive dampness from Kidney and Liver yin abundance, fright causing Liver Wood to overact on Spleen Earth leading to turbid fluid downward flow, endless rumination causing sinew atrophy, or damp-heat stagnating in the lower abdomen from other meridians descending. All these result from qi and blood deficiency and the accumulation of Ying and Wei essence and qi. Previous theories have exhaustively explained the pathogenesis, yet there is no fixed treatment method. For instance, Zhang Hezi observed that when both radial pulses were slippery, large, and forceful in leukorrhea patients, he used emesis to remove phlegm-fluid above and Daoshui Wan (Water-Guiding Pill) to drain heat and dampness below, followed by bland diuretics; this is a method of draining excess. Conversely, if pulses are fine, or deep-tight and choppy, feeling empty upon pressure, or large-slippery but weak upon pressure, this indicates insufficiency of original qi, yin deficiency with middle cold. Li Dongyuan provided formulas for tonifying yang and regulating menstruation. Danxi treated damp-phlegm sinking by using Haishi (Pumice), Nanxing (Arisaematis Rhizoma Preparatum), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), combined with lifting methods. Treatments may combine releasing with tonifying, tonifying with draining, drying with lifting, or moistening with qi-tonifying and astringing. Examples vary because pathogenesis differs in severity and depth.