（鼻衄者，黄芩汤主之。清肺饮子治 鼻凉膈。）
凡牙儿三朝五日、六晨一腊，忽然鼻塞，吻乳不能开口呼吸者，多是乳母安睡之时，鼻中出息，吹着儿囟，或以水
浴洗，用水温冷，不避风邪，所以致儿鼻塞，宜与通关膏敷之，消风散服之，或有惊悸作热，薄荷散与服，生者亦佳。
又有鼻衄，是热搏于气、而乘于血也，肺主一身之皮毛，口气开窍于鼻，蕴寒先客皮肤，搏于气而成热，热乘于血，血
得热而妄行，从鼻中出者，名鼻衄也，或未及发汗而鼻燥喘息，鼻气鸣即衄，治法皆根据大方而分剂略轻耳，黄芩汤、犀
角地黄汤主之，生地黄茅根煎服尤佳。
黄芩汤 见第六十七问。
清肺饮子 见第七十九问地黄清肺饮。
薄荷散 治乳下婴儿鼻塞不通，及治夹惊伤寒，极热变蒸。
薄荷叶（半两） 羌活 全蝎 甘草 麻黄（去节） 僵蚕（炒、去丝咀） 天竺黄 白附子（各一钱半）
上为末，薄荷汤下。热极生风，加竹沥少许与服。一方有柴胡、台芎、桔梗、茯苓，无全蝎、僵蚕、天竺黄、白附
子。
消风散 见第三十一问。
通关散 见第十四问。
巢氏云∶鹅口候者，小儿初生，口里白屑满口舌上、如鹅之口，故曰鹅口也，此乃胎热而心脾最盛、熏发于口也。
葛氏用发缠指头，蘸井花水揩拭之，睡时以黄丹 出火气掺于舌上。小儿初出腹有连舌，舌下有膜如石榴子中隔连其舌
下后，令儿言语不发不转也，可以爪甲摘断之，微有血出无害，若血出不止，可烧发作灰末敷之，血便止也。用保命散，
枯白矾一钱，马齿牙硝半钱，朱砂一分同研细，取白鹅粪，以水搅取汁调涂舌上颔颊内，先用发缠指，揩拭舌上垢了，
然后用药敷之。口疮候，乃小儿血气盛，兼将养过温，心脏积热，熏蒸于上焦，故成口疮也。宜用南星末淡醋调，贴两
脚心，乳母宜服洗心散，却用泻心散敷口之法，用黄连末以蜜水调抹口中，黄柏、青黛、冰片皆可，又以牛黄少许末之，
竹沥调涂口内。治鹅口以马牙硝如豆许涂亦好，或口如鱼口不能合，或作鸦声者难治。又有小儿初生，上 有物胀起如
悬痈，或如芦箨盛水之状者、名曰重 ，此乃脾胃挟热，血气不能收敛，颔中舌下或在 颊如吹小脬，速宜以绵缠长针，
微露锋锐刺肿处，决出恶汁即消，若再生宜再刺，不尔则胀满口中，有妨乳食呼吸也。
保命散 治小儿口里、白屑满舌上如鹅口。
枯矾（一钱） 牙硝（半两、细研） 朱砂（二钱半）
上同研细，每服一字，取白鹅屎以水搅取汁，调涂舌上颔颊内，未用时先以手指缠乱发拭舌上垢，然后使药敷之。
吴茱萸散 治初生儿吃乳后、口内即生白屑烦躁。
吴茱萸（不拘多少）
上为末，米醋调敷儿脚心内，退即去之，心有客热口生疮，以南星末醋调敷脚心，茱萸散亦治口疮，退即洗去之。
洗心散 治风壅壮热，头目昏痛，痰涎壅滞，涕唾稠粘，心神不宁，眼涩睛疼，及鼻塞声重，咽干多渴，五心
烦热，小便黄赤，大便秘涩，并宜服之。
白术（一钱半） 甘草（炙） 当归 荆芥穗 麻黄（不去节） 芍药 大黄（面裹煨、去面、切焙、各六钱）
上锉散，每服四钱，生姜薄荷煎汤，去滓乳母服、或儿服。加前胡、生地黄、辰砂，名辰砂七宝散，为末，治小儿
口疮积热，夹惊伤寒，生姜、薄荷调下一钱。二十问内有七宝洗心散，可兼看，对症用。
辰砂七宝散 治小儿壮热，伤塞壅热，治夹惊伤寒，解诸般热，亦治疹痘热，治惊风，定搐搦。
麻黄（去节） 白术 当归 大黄 赤芍药 荆芥 前胡 生地黄 甘草（各半两）
上为末，伤风发散，用生姜、薄荷煎，急惊加辰砂、薄荷调下，用局方洗心散亦可。
泻心散 治心中痰气实，则气行涩，合卧则气不通，故喜仰卧，则上下通也。
用黄连一两，去须为末，每服半钱，或一钱，临卧时温水下。
牛黄散 治小儿重 重龈，肿痛口中涎出。
牛黄 龙脑 丹砂（各二钱半） 铅霜（半两） 太阴玄精石（一两）
上为末，每服半钱。先于肿处针破出血，盐汤拭口，掺药在内。
凡是婴儿出生三朝五日、六天或满月时，突然鼻塞，吮乳时不能张口呼吸的，多是乳母熟睡时，从鼻孔呼出的气息吹到了婴儿的囟门，或者用水给婴儿洗澡洗头时，水温冷热不均，没有避开风邪，从而导致婴儿鼻塞。适宜用通关膏外敷，内服消风散；如果有惊悸发热症状，服用薄荷散，使用鲜品效果更佳。
又有鼻出血的情况，这是热气搏结于气分，进而波及血分所致。肺主一身之皮毛，口鼻是气的门户且开窍于鼻，寒气先客居于皮肤，与气相搏而化热，热气乘袭血分，血液受热则妄行，从鼻腔流出，称为鼻衄。也有尚未发汗而鼻干喘息，鼻中气息鸣响随即出血的，治疗方法都依据大方剂但剂量稍轻即可，可用黄芩汤、犀角地黄汤主治，生地黄茅根煎服尤其好。
黄芩汤 见第六十七问。
清肺饮子 见第七十九问地黄清肺饮。
薄荷散 治疗哺乳期婴儿鼻塞不通，以及治疗夹惊伤寒、极热变蒸。
薄荷叶（半两） 羌活 全蝎 甘草 麻黄（去节） 僵蚕（炒、去丝咀） 天竺黄 白附子（各一钱半）
以上药物研为细末，用薄荷汤送服。若热极生风，加少许竹沥一起服用。另一配方有柴胡、台芎、桔梗、茯苓，无全蝎、僵蚕、天竺黄、白附子。
巢元方说：鹅口的证候，是小儿初生时，口中白屑布满舌上，像鹅的嘴巴一样，所以叫鹅口，这是因为胎热导致心脾火盛，熏蒸发作于口腔所致。
葛氏用头发缠在手指头上，蘸井花水擦拭患处，睡觉时用黄丹（经过煅烧去除火毒后）撒在舌上。小儿刚出生时有连舌症，舌下有膜像石榴籽中间的隔膜连着舌头下方，这会导致婴儿说话不清、转动不灵，可以用指甲掐断它，微微出血无害，如果血流不止，可以烧成灰末敷在伤口上，血就会止住。使用保命散，枯白矾一钱，马齿牙硝半钱，朱砂一分，一同研细，取白鹅粪，用水搅拌取汁调匀涂抹在舌上、下颌和脸颊内侧，先用缠着头发的指头，擦净舌上的污垢，然后再用药敷。口疮的证候，是因为小儿血气旺盛，加上养育过温，心脏积热，熏蒸于上焦，所以形成口疮。适宜用南星末加淡醋调匀，贴敷在两脚心；乳母宜服用洗心散；却用泻心散敷口的方法，用黄连末加蜜水调抹口中，黄柏、青黛、冰片都可以，又加少许牛黄研末，用竹沥调涂口内。治疗鹅口用马牙硝如豆大小涂抹也很好，或者口唇像鱼嘴一样不能闭合，或者发出乌鸦叫声的，难以治疗。又有小儿初生时，上颚上有物胀起像悬痈，或者像芦笋壳盛水的样子，名叫重龈（chóng yín），这是脾胃挟带热邪，血气不能收敛，在下颌中、舌下或面颊处像吹起的小泡，速宜用绵缠绕长针，微露锋锐刺破肿处，放出恶汁即消退，如果再生宜再刺，不然则胀满口中，妨碍吃奶和呼吸。
保命散 治疗小儿口中、白屑满布舌上像鹅口。
枯矾（一钱） 牙硝（半两、细研） 朱砂（二钱半）
以上一同研细，每次服用一字量，取白鹅屎用水搅拌取汁，调匀涂抹在舌上、下颌和脸颊内侧，未用时先用手指缠乱发擦拭舌上污垢，然后使药敷之。
吴茱萸散 治疗初生儿吃奶后、口内立即生出白屑烦躁。
吴茱萸（不拘多少）
以上研为细末，米醋调匀敷在婴儿脚心内，退热后即去掉。心有客热口生疮，用南星末醋调敷脚心，茱萸散也治疗口疮，退热后即洗去。
洗心散 治疗风壅壮热，头目昏痛，痰涎壅滞，涕唾稠粘，心神不宁，眼涩睛疼，以及鼻塞声重，咽干多渴，五心烦热，小便黄赤，大便秘涩，都适宜服用。
白术（一钱半） 甘草（炙） 当归 荆芥穗 麻黄（不去节） 芍药 大黄（面裹煨、去面、切焙、各六钱）
以上锉散，每次服用四钱，生姜薄荷煎汤，去渣后让乳母服用，或者给婴儿服用。加入前胡、生地黄、辰砂，名为辰砂七宝散，研为细末，治疗小儿口疮积热，夹惊伤寒，用生姜、薄荷调下一钱。二十问内有七宝洗心散，可兼看，对症使用。
辰砂七宝散 治疗小儿壮热，伤塞壅热，治疗夹惊伤寒，解各种热，也治疗疹痘热，治疗惊风，定搐搦。
麻黄（去节） 白术 当归 大黄 赤芍药 荆芥 前胡 生地黄 甘草（各半两）
以上研为细末，伤风发散，用生姜、薄荷煎服，急惊加辰砂、薄荷调下，用局方洗心散也可以。
泻心散 治疗心中痰气实，则气行涩滞，合卧则气不通，所以喜欢仰卧，这样上下气机才能通畅。
用黄连一两，去须研为细末，每次服用半钱或一钱，临睡前温水送服。
牛黄散 治疗小儿重龈、重舌，肿痛口中流涎。
牛黄 龙脑 丹砂（各二钱半） 铅霜（半两） 太阴玄精石（一两）
以上研为细末，每次服用半钱。先在肿处针刺破出血，用盐汤擦拭口腔，将药粉掺入其中。
(For epistaxis, Huangqin Tang (Coptis Decoction) is the primary treatment. Qingfei Yinzi (Lung-Clearing Drink) treats nasal conditions and diaphragmatic heat.)
When infants aged three to five days, six days, or one month suddenly experience nasal congestion and cannot open their mouths to breathe while suckling, it is often because the wet nurse's exhaled breath blew onto the infant's fontanelle while she was sleeping soundly, or due to bathing/washing with water of uneven temperature without avoiding wind-cold pathogens, thus causing nasal congestion. It is appropriate to apply Tongguan Gao (Passage-Opening Ointment) externally and administer Xiaofeng San (Wind-Dispersing Powder) internally; if there are symptoms of palpitations and fever, Bohe San (Mint Powder) should be taken, using fresh herbs is also beneficial.
Regarding epistaxis, this occurs when heat pathogen clashes with Qi and subsequently affects Blood. The Lung governs the skin and hair of the entire body, and the mouth and nose are the openings for Qi. Cold pathogen first resides in the skin, clashes with Qi to generate heat, and this heat attacks Blood. When Blood is heated, it moves recklessly and flows out from the nose, which is termed epistaxis. In cases where the nose is dry and panting before sweating occurs, or where nasal breathing sounds noisy followed by bleeding, the treatment method follows major prescriptions but with slightly lighter dosages. Huangqin Tang (Coptis Decoction) and Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) are indicated; decocting Shengdihuang (Raw Rehmannia Root) and Maogen (Imperata Rhizome) is particularly effective.
Huangqin Tang (Coptis Decoction) See Question 67.
Qingfei Yinzi (Lung-Clearing Drink) See Question 79, Dihuang Qingfei Yin (Rehmannia Lung-Clearing Drink).
Bohe San (Mint Powder) Treats nasal obstruction in nursing infants, as well as colds complicated by fright and extreme heat during "bianzheng" (developmental fever).
Bohe Ye (Mint Leaf, 1.5 liang), Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Quanxie (Whole Scorpion), Gancao (Licorice Root), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-nodeled), Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus, stir-fried and cleaned), Tianzhuhuang (Calculus Bovis/Bezoar), Baifuzi (Aconitum Carmichaelii Lateral Root, each 0.5 qian).
Grind all into powder, take with Mint Decoction. If extreme heat generates wind, add a small amount of Zhuli (Bamboo Sap) and take. Another formula includes Chaihu (Bupleurum Root), Taixiong (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizome), Jiegeng (Platycodon Root), Fuling (Poria), without Quanxie, Jiangcan, Tianzhuhuang, or Baifuzi.
Xiaofeng San (Wind-Dispersing Powder) See Question 31.
Tongguan San (Passage-Opening Powder) See Question 14.
Chao Yuanfang stated: Regarding the syndrome of E Kou (Goose Mouth/Thrush), when a newborn has white flakes filling the mouth and tongue, resembling a goose's beak, it is called E Kou. This is caused by fetal heat leading to excessive Fire in the Heart and Spleen, steaming upwards to the mouth.
Ge Shi used hair wrapped around a finger, dipped in Jinghua Water (well water drawn at dawn) to wipe the area, and applied Huangdan (Lead Tetroxide, fired to remove toxicity) to the tongue at bedtime. For infants born with Ling She (Tied Tongue), where a membrane under the tongue connects to the underside like the septum of a pomegranate seed, preventing clear speech and tongue movement, it can be snapped off with fingernails; slight bleeding is harmless. If bleeding does not stop, burn it to ash and apply to stop the blood. Use Baoming San (Life-Preserving Powder): Kubai Fan (Calcined Alum, 1 qian), Yaxiao (Sodium Sulfate, 0.5 qian), Zhusha (Cinnabar, 1 fen), ground finely together. Take Bai'e Fen (White Goose Droppings), mix with water to extract juice, and use this juice to mix the powder for application on the tongue, mandible, and inner cheeks. First, wipe away dirt from the tongue with a finger wrapped in loose hair, then apply the medicine.
Regarding Kou Chuang (Oral Ulcers), this is due to vigorous Qi and Blood in children, combined with over-warming in care, leading to accumulated Heat in the Heart steaming the Upper Jiao. It is suitable to apply Nanxing (Arisaema Rhizome) powder mixed with light vinegar to the soles of both feet. The nursing mother should take Xixin San (Heart-Washing Powder). To treat oral ulcers, use Xiexin San (Heart-Draining Powder) method: apply Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome) powder mixed with honey-water to the mouth; Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark), Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis), and Bingpian (Borneol) are also applicable. Add a small amount of Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis/Bezoar) powder, mixed with Zhuli (Bamboo Sap) for intraoral application. Treating E Kou with Mayaxiao (Sodium Sulfate) the size of a bean applied topically is also good. If the lips resemble a fish mouth and cannot close, or if the child makes crow-like sounds, it is difficult to treat.
Another condition in newborns is Shang You Wu Zhangqi (Swelling on the upper palate) resembling Xuan Yong (Hanging Abscess) or a reed husk holding water, named Chong Yin (Double Gum/Palate). This is due to Spleen and Stomach carrying Heat, with Qi and Blood failing to consolidate, causing swelling in the mandible, under the tongue, or in the cheeks like a blown bladder. Quickly wrap a long needle with cotton, expose the sharp tip slightly, and puncture the swollen area to drain foul fluid, which will resolve. If it recurs, puncture again; otherwise, it will fill the mouth, obstructing feeding and breathing.
Baoming San (Life-Preserving Powder) Treats white flakes filling the tongue in infants, resembling E Kou.
Kufan (Calcined Alum, 1 qian), Yaxiao (Sodium Sulfate, 0.5 liang, finely ground), Zhusha (Cinnabar, 2.5 qian).
Grind together finely. Take one "zi" dose per administration. Extract juice from Bai'e Fen (White Goose Droppings) with water, mix with the powder, and apply to the tongue, mandible, and inner cheeks. Before use, first wipe the tongue clean with a finger wrapped in loose hair, then apply the medicine.
Wuzhuyu San (Evodia Powder) Treats newborns who develop white flakes in the mouth and irritability immediately after suckling.
Wuzhuyu (Evodia Fruit, any amount).
Grind into powder, mix with Rice Vinegar, and apply to the soles of the infant's feet. Remove once the heat subsides. For Heart having Guest Heat causing oral ulcers, apply Nanxing (Arisaema Rhizome) powder mixed with vinegar to the soles. Wuzhuyu San also treats oral ulcers; wash off after heat subsides.
Xixin San (Heart-Washing Powder) Treats Wind obstruction with high fever, dizziness and headache, phlegm-saliva obstruction, thick sputum, restless mind, dry eyes and eye pain, nasal congestion with heavy voice, dry throat with excessive thirst, heat in the five centers, yellow-red urine, and constipation. All these are suitable for this prescription.
Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome, 1.5 qian), Gancao (Licorice Root, honey-fried), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Jingjie Sui (Schizonepeta Spike), Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, nodes not removed), Shaoyao (Peony Root), Dahuang (Rhubarb Root and Rhizome, baked in flour, flour removed, sliced and dried, each 6 qian).
Cut into pieces. Take 4 qian per dose, decoct with Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger) and Bohe (Mint), strain, and have the nursing mother drink, or give to the infant. Adding Qianhu (Peucedanum Root), Shengdihuang (Raw Rehmannia Root), and Chen Sha (Cinnabar) creates Chen Sha Qibao San (Cinnabar Seven-Treasure Powder). Grind into powder. Treats pediatric oral ulcer accumulation heat, colds complicated by fright. Take 1 qian mixed with Fresh Ginger and Mint decoction. Question 20 mentions Qibao Xixin San; consult both and use according to symptoms.
Chen Sha Qibao San (Cinnabar Seven-Treasure Powder) Treats high fever in infants, obstruction heat from colds, colds complicated by fright, resolves various heats, treats rash/pox heat, treats convulsions, and stops spasms.
Mahuang (Ephedra Stem, de-nodeled), Baizhu (Atractylodes Macrocephala Rhizome), Danggui (Angelica Sinensis Root), Dahuang (Rhubarb Root and Rhizome), Chi Shaoyao (Red Peony Root), Jingjie (Schizonepeta Spike), Qianhu (Peucedanum Root), Shengdihuang (Raw Rehmannia Root), Gancao (Licorice Root, each 0.5 liang).
Grind into powder. For wind-cold dispersion, decoct with Fresh Ginger and Mint. For acute fright-convulsion, mix with Cinnabar and Mint and take orally. Ju Fang Xixin San (Bureau Formula Heart-Washing Powder) is also acceptable.
Xiexin San (Heart-Draining Powder) Treats excess Phlegm-Qi in the Heart, causing stagnant Qi flow. When lying prone, Qi is blocked; thus, the patient prefers lying supine to allow free flow of Qi up and down.
Use Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome, 1 liang), remove stamens, grind into powder. Take 0.5 qian or 1 qian per dose, swallow with warm water before bedtime.
Niuhuang San (Bezoar Powder) Treats Chong Yin (Double Gum) and Chong She (Double Tongue) in infants, characterized by swelling, pain, and salivation.
Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis/Bezoar), Longnao (Borneol), Dansha (Cinnabar, each 2.5 qian), Qianshuang (Lead Frost, 0.5 liang), Taiyin Xuanjing Shi (Taiyin Black Crystal Stone, 1 liang).
Grind into powder. Take 0.5 qian per dose. First, puncture the swollen area to bleed, wipe the mouth with Salt Water, and sprinkle the powder inside.