夫咽喉，左为咽属胃，右为喉属肺，乃一身之总要。通百节之关隘，呼吸出入，所由从也。经云∶一阴一阳结，谓
喉痹。痹者，闭也。有风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火、阴虚、实热之症，尽皆有毒，或相搏相聚，其症不一，变幻不测。经
云∶圣神功巧，望问闻切，以此推之，治咽喉者，庶无误矣。喉者，气之关隘，通则利．塞则闭，无问其表本，当急治
之。此风毒之气，客于咽喉，与气血相搏，结肿成毒，如热入心包，烦乱不食，死矣。
咽有两孔，左咽属胃，纳食之关；右喉属肺，纳气之关。口上 属胃，下 属脾；胃分属阳，脾分属阴；舌心之中
到舌尖属心经，舌之四围，皆属脾经，舌根亦属心经，小舌名曰蒂丁，属胃；喉之左右属肝经，两耳垂下者亦属肝。舌
苔色白者属寒，淡白而紫者风寒也，黄苔属热，如焦黄者热甚，黑苔热极也，凡舌苔不论焦黄红白黑色，皆宜揩拭之，
滑有津者真热。凡治咽喉，不可纯用寒凉，取效目前，恐上热未除，中寒复起，毒瓦斯乘虚而入腹，致胸前高肿，上喘下
泄，不可救也。
舌下两窍，最要留心，左为华池金津，右为神水玉液。紫筋为舌系，俱连于肾，或用刀针伤 两窍，津液耗散，断
绝不连，舌如干桔瓤矣，无药可救。又小舌蒂丁，伤之亦关性命，医者当知。
凡看症以箸按舌，其色桃红者，起箸则紫红，此真色，可治；按其色云白，起箸则紫红色，此血已死，不治；按其
口中之舌色渐退，起箸紫黑色徐现，死期在迩，不治。
凡治症先看气血壮盛者，可服凉药。衰弱者忌用寒凉，用则气衰，即难治矣。
喉症初起寒战，即生疼痛，发后身冷，口内不碎，身无别症，二便如常，不可以作火毒热症。此皆阴气虚寒而发，
先以药吹，或以水唤之法灌喉。即便服药，先以发散和解，继用温补滋阴之味，或二三日后，再发寒热，或加心痛、骨
腰胁痛等症，则为难治。
或喉症发时，牙关紧闭，喉舌俱肿，口碎而臭；或舌肿、乳蛾、喉风等症，下午再发寒热，大小便闭者，即作火毒
热症治。用石膏败毒主之。
喉症发时，三日前胸膈不利，脉弦而数，治宜先祛风痰，后解热毒。盖饮酒则伤脾，怒气则伤肝，色欲则伤肾。湿
郁之人，痰火上攻，咽喉干燥，二便如常，治宜补虚降火。喉症初起口臭者，有痰，头面红肿，此虽极危，独可愈也。
又初起火险痛处不肿，而色如好人，牙关不闭紧者，不治。发时面青带白，神气少神，喜浴坐底处，罔顾五行者，不治。
舌肿满者，不治。又色如胡桃者，不治。如荔枝色者，不治。初起不能言语者，不治。
咽喉部位，左侧的咽归属于胃，右侧的喉归属于肺，这是人体一身的关键要害。它是贯通全身关节的关隘，呼吸之气出入，皆由此经过。医经记载：“一阴一阳结，谓之喉痹。”痹，就是闭塞的意思。喉痹有因风、寒、暑、湿、燥、火邪侵袭，以及阴虚、实热等证候，这些情况都有毒性，或者邪气相互搏结聚集，症状各不相同，变化莫测。医经又说：“圣神功巧，在于望、问、闻、切四诊合参”，据此来推断病情，治疗咽喉疾病，大概就不会出错了。喉部是气机通行的关隘，通畅则顺利，阻塞则闭塞，无论病在表还是在里，都应当紧急治疗。如果风毒之气客居于咽喉，与气血相互搏结，凝结肿胀形成毒邪，若热邪陷入心包（心之宫城，代心受邪），导致心烦意乱、无法进食，就会死亡。
咽部有两个孔道，左边的咽归属于胃，是食物进入的关隘；右边的喉归属于肺，是气息进入的关隘。口腔上部属胃，下部属脾；胃分属阳，脾分属阴；舌中心直到舌尖属于心经，舌头的四周都属于脾经，舌根也属于心经，小舌头名叫蒂丁，属于胃；喉咙的左右两侧属于肝经，两耳垂下方也属于肝经。舌苔颜色发白的属于寒证，淡白而带紫色的属于风寒证，黄苔属于热证，如果是焦黄色的说明热势很盛，黑苔则是热极的表现。凡是舌苔，不论是焦黄、红、白还是黑色，都适宜揩拭观察，如果滑润有津液的是真热证。大凡治疗咽喉疾病，不可单纯使用寒凉药物，虽然能暂时见效，但恐怕上部的热邪未除，中焦的寒邪又起，毒气乘虚侵入腹部，导致胸前高度肿胀，上面气喘下面腹泻，就无法救治了。
舌头下面的两个窍穴，最需要留心，左边叫华池金津，右边叫神水玉液。舌下的紫色筋脉称为舌系，都与肾相连。如果用刀针刺伤这两个窍穴，津液耗散，断绝不再相连，舌头就像干枯的橘子瓤一样，就没有药可救了。另外，小舌头蒂丁受伤也关乎性命，医生应当知晓。
大凡诊察病症，用筷子按压舌头，如果颜色呈桃红色，抬起筷子后呈现紫红色，这是真实的血色，可以治疗；如果按压时颜色像云白色，抬起筷子后呈现紫红色，这说明血液已经死滞，无法治疗；如果按压口中舌头颜色逐渐消退，抬起筷子后紫黑色慢慢显现，死期临近，无法治疗。
大凡治疗病症，先看患者气血是否壮盛，气血壮盛的可以服用凉药。气血衰弱的人忌用寒凉药，用了就会使正气更衰，那就难以治疗了。
喉症初起时出现寒战，随即产生疼痛，发作后身体发冷，口腔内没有溃烂破碎，身体没有其他症状，大小便正常，不可以当作火毒热症来治。这都是因为阴气虚弱寒冷而发作，先用药物吹喉，或者用水唤法灌喉。随后立即服药，先用发散和解的方法，接着用温补滋阴的药物。如果两三天后再次发作寒热，或者加上心痛、骨节腰胁痛等症状，就为难治之症。
或者喉症发作时，牙关紧闭，喉和舌头都肿胀，口腔溃烂且口臭；或者舌头肿胀、乳蛾（扁桃体肿大）、喉风等病症，下午再次发作寒热，大小便闭塞的，就当作火毒热症来治。用石膏败毒汤主治。
喉症发作时，前三天胸膈不利，脉象弦而数，治疗应当先祛除风痰，后解除热毒。因为饮酒会损伤脾脏，怒气会损伤肝脏，色欲会损伤肾脏。湿气郁结的人，痰火上攻，导致咽喉干燥，大小便正常，治疗应当补虚降火。喉症初起口臭的，体内有痰，头面部红肿，这虽然极其危险，但唯独可以治愈。
另外，初起火毒险症处不肿胀，而面色如常人，牙关不紧闭的，无法治疗。发作时面色青中带白，精神萎靡，喜欢坐在低处，不顾及五行生克规律的，无法治疗。舌头肿胀满口的，无法治疗。另外，舌色像胡桃皮的，无法治疗。像荔枝肉颜色的，无法治疗。初起不能言语的，无法治疗。
The throat area: the left side, the pharynx (Yan), belongs to the Stomach; the right side, the larynx (Hou), belongs to the Lung. This is the vital hub of the entire body. It serves as the passageway connecting all joints and is the route through which breath enters and exits. The Classics state: "When one Yin and one Yang knot together, it is called Hou Bi (Laryngeal Obstruction)." Bi means obstruction. There are syndromes caused by Wind, Cold, Summerheat, Dampness, Dryness, Fire, Yin Deficiency, and Excess Heat. All these conditions involve toxicity. When pathogens contend or accumulate with each other, the symptoms vary and are unpredictable. The Classics also say: "The skill of the sage lies in Observation, Inquiry, Auscultation/Olfaction, and Palpation." By applying these four diagnostic methods, treatment of throat diseases will likely be error-free. The larynx is the passageway for Qi; when open, it flows smoothly; when blocked, it obstructs. Regardless of whether the pathology is exterior or interior, urgent treatment is required. If toxic Wind-Qi lodges in the throat and contends with Blood and Qi, causing swelling and toxin formation, if Heat enters the Pericardium (Xin Bao), leading to restlessness and inability to eat, death will ensue.
The pharynx has two openings: the left pharynx belongs to the Stomach and is the gateway for food intake; the right larynx belongs to the Lung and is the gateway for air intake. The upper part of the mouth belongs to the Stomach, and the lower part belongs to the Spleen; the Stomach is associated with Yang, and the Spleen with Yin. From the center of the tongue to the tip belongs to the Heart Meridian; the four sides of the tongue belong to the Spleen Meridian; the root of the tongue also belongs to the Heart Meridian. The uvula is named Di Ding and belongs to the Stomach; the left and right sides of the larynx belong to the Liver Meridian, and the area below the earlobes also belongs to the Liver. A white tongue coating indicates Cold; pale white with purple hues indicates Wind-Cold; a yellow coating indicates Heat; scorched yellow indicates severe Heat; and a black coating indicates extreme Heat. For any tongue coating color—scorched yellow, red, white, or black—it is appropriate to wipe it for observation. If it is slippery and moist with fluids, it indicates True Heat. Generally, when treating throat diseases, one must not rely solely on cold-natured herbs. Although immediate relief may be achieved, there is a risk that upper Heat remains while Middle Jiao Cold arises, allowing toxins to enter the abdomen due to deficiency. This leads to severe swelling in the chest and above, upper asthma, and lower diarrhea, which is incurable.
The two apertures under the tongue require utmost attention: the left is called Huachi Jinjin (Golden Spring at the Flower Pool), and the right is called Shenshui Yuye (Divine Water and Jade Fluid). The purple veins under the tongue are called the lingual frenulum (She Xi) and connect to the Kidney. If these two apertures are injured by needles or knives, fluids will dissipate, connections will sever, and the tongue will become like a dried orange pulp, rendering it incurable. Furthermore, injury to the uvula (Di Ding) concerns life itself; physicians must be aware of this.
In general, when examining symptoms, press the tongue with chopsticks. If the color is peach-red, and upon lifting the chopsticks it appears purplish-red, this is the true color, and the case is treatable. If the color appears cloud-white upon pressing, but turns purplish-red upon lifting, the blood has died, and the case is untreatable. If the tongue color fades gradually upon pressing, and purplish-black slowly appears upon lifting, death is imminent, and the case is untreatable.
When treating cases, first assess whether Qi and Blood are robust. Those with robust Qi and Blood can take cooling medicines. Those with deficient Qi and Blood must avoid cold-natured medicines; using them will further deplete Qi, making treatment difficult.
At the onset of throat diseases, if chills occur followed immediately by pain, and after the attack the body feels cold, the oral cavity shows no ulceration, there are no other systemic symptoms, and urination and defecation are normal, do not diagnose it as a Fire-Toxin Heat syndrome. These are caused by deficiency-cold of Yin-Qi. Initially, use herbal powder insufflation or water-induction irrigation into the throat. Then administer oral medicine, starting with dispersing and harmonizing methods, followed by warming, tonifying, and yin-nourishing agents. If after two or three days chills and fever recur, or if heart pain, bone/joint, waist, or rib pain are added, the case becomes difficult to treat.
If, during the onset of throat diseases, the jaw is tightly closed, the throat and tongue are swollen, the mouth is ulcerated and foul-smelling; or if there is tongue swelling, tonsillar hypertrophy (Ru E), or wind-stroke of the throat (Hou Feng), accompanied by recurrent chills and fever in the afternoon, and constipation/urinary retention, diagnose it as a Fire-Toxin Heat syndrome. Treat with Shigao Baidu Tang (Gypsum Toxin-Resolving Decoction).
During the onset of throat diseases, if there is chest and diaphragm discomfort in the first three days, and the pulse is wiry and rapid, treatment should first dispel Wind-Phlegm, then resolve Heat-Toxin. Drinking alcohol damages the Spleen; anger damages the Liver; sexual excess damages the Kidney. In individuals with dampness stagnation, Phlegm-Fire attacks upward, causing dry throat, with normal urination and defecation. Treatment should tonify deficiency and descend fire. If throat disease begins with bad breath, indicating Phlegm, and head/face swelling/redness, although critically dangerous, it is uniquely curable.
However, if early-stage fire-toxin danger presents without swelling, with a complexion like a healthy person, and the jaw is not tightly closed, it is untreatable. If, during onset, the face is cyan with white tints, spirit is depleted, the patient prefers sitting in low places, and disregards the Five Elements principles, it is untreatable. Tongue swelling filling the mouth is untreatable. A tongue color resembling walnut skin is untreatable. A color resembling lychee flesh is untreatable. Inability to speak at the onset is untreatable.