多因先患劳病，重症既久，虚火上升，荣血已枯，其喉上颚，有红点密密如蚊虫咬斑
样，此系危笃将殂，勿治。
牙槽风初起，先齿痛不已，后即牙龈肉浮肿，紫黑色，或出血，久则腐烂。
牙漏，即前症久而不愈，齿缝中出白脓，极难调治。甚则齿落，如上左边门牙落者不治
。以上二症，皆属胃火肾虚。
一名牙棋风。初起有一小块，生于牙根肉上，或上或下，或内或外，其状高硬，牙痈、
牙、牙菌三病，大同小异，治法亦不难。
生于牙尽咬中，齿不能开，牙关紧闭。此症初起，势重，甚至夜尤甚，然亦不难治，亦
不妨命。
属胃火，如豆大，生无定处，或内或外。
齿缝出血，上属脾，下属胃，实火上攻所致。亦有胃虚火动，腐烂牙根，以致淡血时时
渗漏不已。
先三日牙痛，发寒热，后痛不可忍，牙根上发紫块者是也。穿牙毒，即前症，初起者未
破为
疔，已破即为穿牙毒，其色红者可治，青者不可治。疔毒又与牙槽风牙漏相是，治法亦相仿
。
或因胎毒痘毒后，发致牙根腐烂成疳，杀人最速。鼻梁上发红点者，不治。其色如干酱
，一
日烂一分，二日烂一寸，故名走马，以喻速也。有齿者落尽而死，上 左边门牙为牙之主，
此牙一落，其余尽落。若此牙不落，余牙虽落，可能为治。小儿走马疳，及大人牙槽风，均
皆如是看法。
多因先前患有劳损性疾病，重症日久，虚火上升，营血已经枯竭。此时咽喉及上颚出现密密麻麻的红点，如同蚊虫叮咬后的斑痕一样，这是病情危重、即将死亡的征兆，不可治疗。
牙槽风（牙龈炎症）初起时，先出现持续的牙齿疼痛，随后牙龈肉浮肿，呈紫黑色，或者出血，时间久了则发生腐烂。
牙漏（牙龈瘘管），即上述病症久治不愈，齿缝中流出白色脓液，极难调理治疗。严重时导致牙齿脱落，如果左侧上门牙脱落，则无法治愈。以上两种病症，都属于胃火旺盛兼肾阴亏虚。
另一种名为牙棋风（牙龈增生）。初起时在牙根肉上长有一小块，位置或上或下，或内或外，形状高而硬。牙痈（牙龈脓肿）、牙疳（牙龈溃烂）、牙菌（牙龈息肉）这三种病，大同小异，治疗方法也不难。
生于牙龈尽头咬合处，导致牙齿不能张开，牙关紧闭。此症初起时势头较重，甚至夜间更严重，但也不难治疗，并不危及生命。
属于胃火所致，大小如豆粒，生长位置不定，或在内部或在外部。
齿缝出血，上部关联脾脏，下部关联胃腑，由实火上攻引起。也有因胃虚导致虚火妄动，腐蚀牙根，致使淡红色血液时时渗漏不止的情况。
生于牙根，形状呈紫黑色，高低不平如菌状。这是由于火热炽盛、血热，兼有气机阻滞所致。
先有三天的牙痛，伴有发冷发热，之后疼痛难以忍受，牙根上出现紫块的就是这种病。穿牙毒（穿透性牙周感染），即上述病症，初起未破溃的称为疔（疗疮），已破溃的称为穿牙毒，颜色红的可以治疗，颜色青的不可治疗。疔毒又与牙槽风、牙漏相似，治疗方法也相仿。
有时是因为胎毒或痘毒之后，引发牙根腐烂成疳，杀人速度最快。鼻梁上出现红点的，无法治愈。其颜色像干酱一样，一天腐烂一分，两天腐烂一寸，所以名叫“走马”，用来比喻病情发展迅速。有牙齿的人会将牙齿落尽而死，左侧上门牙是牙齿的主宰，这颗牙一旦脱落，其余牙齿也会全部脱落。如果这颗牙不脱落，其余牙齿即使脱落，还可能进行治疗。小儿走马疳（坏疽性口炎）以及大人的牙槽风，都是按照这种方式来判断预后。
Often caused by a prior history of consumptive disease (lao bing). After the severe condition persists for a long time, deficient fire rises, and Ying blood (nutritive blood) is already depleted. At this point, dense red spots appear on the throat and hard palate, resembling marks left by mosquito bites. This indicates a critical condition approaching death; it should not be treated.
In its initial stage, Ya Cao Feng (Alveolar Pyorrhea/Gum Inflammation) first presents with incessant toothache, followed by swelling of the gingival tissue, which turns purplish-black or bleeds. If prolonged, the tissue undergoes putrefaction.
Ya Lou (Gum Fistula) refers to the aforementioned condition persisting without cure, where white pus exudes from the interdental spaces. It is extremely difficult to manage therapeutically. In severe cases, teeth fall out. If the upper left central incisor falls out, the condition is incurable. Both of the above conditions belong to Stomach Fire combined with Kidney Yin Deficiency.
Another name is Ya Qi Feng (Gum Hyperplasia). Initially, a small lump appears on the gum tissue at the root of the tooth, located either superiorly or inferiorly, internally or externally. The lesion is high and hard. Ya Yong (Gum Abscess), Ya Gan (Gum Ulceration), and Ya Jun (Gum Polyp) are three diseases that are largely similar with minor differences, and their treatment methods are not difficult.
When located at the posterior end of the gums near the bite area, it prevents the teeth from opening, resulting in trismus (lockjaw). Although the onset is severe, even worsening at night, it is not difficult to treat and does not necessarily threaten life.
This belongs to Stomach Fire. The lesion is bean-sized, with an unpredictable location, appearing either internally or externally.
Bleeding from the interdental spaces involves the Spleen in the upper aspect and the Stomach in the lower aspect, caused by excess fire attacking upward. There are also cases where deficiency fire moves due to Stomach deficiency, corroding the tooth roots, leading to continuous oozing of pale blood.
Located at the tooth root, the appearance is purplish-black and uneven, resembling a mushroom. This is caused by excessive heat and blood heat, compounded by Qi stagnation.
It begins with three days of toothache accompanied by chills and fever, followed by unbearable pain and purple patches on the tooth roots. Chuan Ya Du (Penetrating Periodontal Infection) refers to the aforementioned condition: if unbroken in the initial stage, it is called Ding (Malignant Carbuncle); if broken, it is called Chuan Ya Du. Red-colored lesions are treatable, while blue/purple ones are not. Ding Du (Carbuncle Toxin) is similar to Ya Cao Feng and Ya Lou, and the treatment methods are also comparable.
Sometimes, after fetal toxin or smallpox toxin, the gums rot and become Gan (Noma/Cancrum Oris), killing most rapidly. If red spots appear on the nasal bridge, it is incurable. The color resembles dried sauce; it rots one fen (approx. 3-4mm) per day and one cun (approx. 3cm) per two days. Hence it is named "Zou Ma" (Running Horse) to metaphorically describe the speed of progression. Patients with teeth will lose all of them before dying. The upper left central incisor is considered the master of the teeth; once this tooth falls out, the rest follow. If this tooth does not fall out, even if other teeth fall out, treatment may still be possible. Pediatric Zou Ma Gan (Noma) and adult Ya Cao Feng are both assessed using this prognostic method.