茅先生论∶小儿生下有五疳。风疳，主肝候，面青黄色，眼生障膜，头摇，揉眼鼻。惊疳，主心候、面黄
赤，身壮热，或泻色青黑，惊叫，口鼻干燥、遍身虚汗。气疳，主肺候，面黄白，咳嗽，鼻下赤烂，上渴气喘，
毛发焦黄，形容枯瘦。食疳，主脾候，面色痿黄，腹热青筋，好吃泥土， 眉咬甲，多喘叫，粪内有虫，细如
马尾，憎寒热。急疳，主肾候，面青黑，不进奶食，虚汗，口生疮，疝气，上焦热，爱吃冷水，鼻口干燥。
上件五疳，其候各别，逐一各有所管，下药各有能通、能实、能冷、能温。具说可根据，调理莫乱差误。风
疳，欲要调理，先用匀气散（方见胃气不和门中）夹醒脾散（有二方。一方见胃气不和门中，一方见慢脾
风门中）及镇心丸（方见一切惊门），调理得
退三、五分，并进得食，便下青金丹（方见夹惊伤寒门中）一服与通下。肝上被虚涎盖之，而又眼开通得积尽，再下匀
气散、醒脾散与调一日。腹脏调和后常服镇心丸夹芦荟丸（方见一切疳门中）。牛黄膏（方见膈热门中）
与服，如此治之即愈。
惊疳，所治先将匀气散夹醒脾散、朱砂膏、（方见惊积门中）。活脾散（有二方。一方见胃气不和门中；一方见慢脾风门
中），四个药相交调理
三、二日，渐次精采，有黄粪下来，便下青金丹通下积，再下匀气散、醒脾散。补气后常服朱砂膏夹芦荟丸调
理即愈。气疳，所治者先用调中饮（方见胃气不和门中）夹醒脾散、雌黄丸、（方见咳嗽门中）。龙涎膏（方见热渴门中），
四个药相夹调理
二、三日渐退，便下青金丹通下积，再下匀气散。补气后常服芦荟丸、调中饮，与服即愈。脾疳，所治先用匀
气散、醒脾散，两个药调理三、二日，渐有黄粪变时，便下槟榔散（方见虫动门中），下疳虫尽时，再下匀气散补除。
又将调中饮夹醒脾散，再调理二日。又下青金丹取疳积，再将匀气散补气。后常服芦荟丸、健脾散（方见胃气不和门中）
调理即愈。急疳，所治者先用沉香睡惊饮（方见霍乱门中）夹镇心丸及调中饮、龙涎膏夹朱砂膏与调，二、三日渐精采，
便下青金丹与通积，再用匀气散补。后常服芦荟丸、金铃散、（方见心痛门中）。朱砂膏调理即愈。前件五疳候状各别，
下药各有文理，莫令误下。上件五疳，如调理不退，形候传变，唇口生疮，鼻口黑燥，泻出黑血，项软、遍
身冷，舌卷，骨露恶瘦，死候不治。
茅先生小儿五疳死候歌∶
脚心衬着都不觉，抱着昏沉手足垂。疾状未除身体冷，无休泄滑沫相随。项筋舒展全无力，五绝疳劳仔细知。
汉东王先生《家宝》小儿五疳歌∶
心惊疳∶浑身壮热盛，四肢全不任，面黄并脸赤，怕冷爱重衾。口鼻常干燥，根源即渐深，只因惊扑着，
此病本从心。
肝风疳∶摇头揉口鼻，白膜眼中瞒，揩磨常泪出，两目不曾干。颜容面青色，浑身疮癣斑，毛焦并发立，
此病本从肝。
脾 疳∶食物难消化，心中爱吃泥，腹高青脉起，头发薄稀疏。喘息饶呵欠，无欢只欲啼，痢多酸臭气，
此病本从脾。
肺气疳∶啼多并嗽逆，口鼻腔生疮，昏昏饶爱睡，体瘦又滑肠。四肢无气力，容貌不同常，泻脓并吐血，
此是肺家伤。
肾家急疳∶泻痢时频并，吐逆转加深，大肠肛又脱，壮热腹兼惊。乳食全难进，肢梢冷似冰，急疳难治疗，
本是肾家兴。
茅先生论述：小儿出生后即患有五种疳病。风疳，主要反映肝脏状况，面色青黄，眼睛生有障膜，头部摇动，揉搓眼鼻。惊疳，主要反映心脏状况，面色黄赤，身体高热，有时排泄物呈青黑色，受惊呼叫，口鼻干燥，全身虚汗。气疳，主要反映肺脏状况，面色黄白，咳嗽，鼻子下方红肿溃烂，口渴气喘，毛发焦黄，形体枯瘦。食疳，主要反映脾脏状况，面色萎黄，腹部发热且可见青色筋脉，喜欢吃泥土，咬眉毛指甲，多喘促呼叫，粪便中有虫，细如马尾，憎恨寒热交替。急疳，主要反映肾脏状况，面色青黑，不吃奶食，虚汗，口腔生疮，疝气，上焦热，爱吃冷水，口鼻干燥。
上述五种疳病，其症状表现各不相同，逐一各有对应的管辖脏腑，用药各有通利、补实、寒凉、温热的不同功效。详细阐述依据如下，调理时切勿混乱出错。风疳，若要调理，先用匀气散（方剂见胃气不和门中）配合醒脾散（有两个方子，一个见胃气不和门中，一个见慢脾风门中）及镇心丸（方剂见一切惊门），调理使病情退去三至五分，并能进食后，再服用青金丹（方剂见夹惊伤寒门中）一服以通下积滞。因肝被虚涎覆盖，待眼睛通畅且积滞排尽后，再服用匀气散、醒脾散调理一日。腹脏调和后，常服镇心丸配合芦荟丸（方剂见一切疳门中）。服用牛黄膏（方剂见膈热门中），如此治疗即可痊愈。
惊疳，治疗时先将匀气散配合醒脾散、朱砂膏（方剂见惊积门中）、活脾散（有两个方子，一个见胃气不和门中；一个见慢脾风门中），四种药物交错调理二至三日，精神逐渐好转，有黄色粪便排出，便服用青金丹通下积滞，再服用匀气散、醒脾散。补气之后，常服朱砂膏配合芦荟丸调理即可痊愈。气疳，治疗时先用调中饮（方剂见胃气不和门中）配合醒脾散、雌黄丸（方剂见咳嗽门中）、龙涎膏（方剂见热渴门中），四种药物相配合调理二至三日，病情逐渐消退，便服用青金丹通下积滞，再服用匀气散。补气之后，常服芦荟丸、调中饮，服用即可痊愈。脾疳，治疗时先用匀气散、醒脾散，两种药物调理二至三日，逐渐出现黄色粪便变化时，便服用槟榔散（方剂见虫动门中），当疳虫排尽时，再服用匀气散补益清除。又将调中饮配合醒脾散，再调理二日。又服用青金丹取除疳积，再将匀气散用于补气。后来常服芦荟丸、健脾散（方剂见胃气不和门中）调理即可痊愈。急疳，治疗时先用沉香睡惊饮（方剂见霍乱门中）配合镇心丸及调中饮、龙涎膏配合朱砂膏进行调理，二至三日精神逐渐好转，便服用青金丹通下积滞，再用匀气散补益。后来常服芦荟丸、金铃散（方剂见心痛门中）、朱砂膏调理即可痊愈。前述五种疳病的症状表现各不相同，下药各有条理，不要误用。上述五种疳病，如果调理后病情不退，形候发生传变，唇口生疮，口鼻黑燥，泻出黑血，颈部软弱无力，全身发冷，舌体卷缩，骨骼显露极度消瘦，均为死候，无法医治。
茅先生关于小儿五疳的死候歌诀：
脚心贴地都不觉得，抱着昏沉手足下垂。疾病症状未除身体寒冷，无休止的泄泻滑沫相随。项筋舒展完全无力，五种绝症疳劳仔细知晓。
汉东王先生《家宝》中小儿五疳歌诀：
心惊疳：浑身壮热旺盛，四肢完全不能支撑，面色黄且脸红，怕冷爱盖厚被。口鼻经常干燥，根源逐渐加深，只因受到惊吓扑撞，此病本源在于心。
肝风疳：摇头揉搓口鼻，眼中布满白膜，擦拭常有泪水流出，双眼不曾干涸。面容面色青紫，浑身疮癣斑点，毛发焦枯竖起，此病本源在于肝。
脾疳：食物难以消化，心中爱吃泥土，腹部高起青色脉络浮现，头发薄而稀疏。喘息伴有呵欠，没有欢乐只想啼哭，痢疾多有酸臭气味，此病本源在于脾。
肺气疳：啼哭多且咳嗽逆乱，口鼻腔生疮，昏昏沉沉爱睡觉，身体消瘦又腹泻。四肢没有力气，容貌不同于平常，泻脓并吐血，这是肺家受伤。
肾家急疳：泻痢时常频繁发作，呕吐逆转加深，大肠肛门脱出，壮热腹部兼有惊悸。乳食完全难进，肢梢冷如冰，急疳难治疗，本是肾家兴起。
Mr. Mao discusses: Infants may be born with five types of Gan disease (chronic malnutrition syndrome in children). Wind Gan primarily reflects the condition of the Liver, presenting with a cyan-yellow complexion, membrane formation in the eyes, head shaking, and rubbing of the eyes and nose. Fright Gan primarily reflects the condition of the Heart, presenting with a yellow-red complexion, high fever, sometimes green-black stool, frightful crying, dry mouth and nose, and generalized sweating due to deficiency. Qi Gan primarily reflects the condition of the Lung, presenting with a yellow-white complexion, coughing, redness and erosion under the nose, thirst, asthma, scorched yellow hair, and emaciation. Food Gan primarily reflects the condition of the Spleen, presenting with a sallow complexion, abdominal heat with visible blue veins, craving for eating soil, biting eyebrows and nails, frequent wheezing and crying, worms in feces resembling horse tails, and aversion to alternating chills and fever. Urgent Gan primarily reflects the condition of the Kidney, presenting with a cyan-black complexion, refusal to take milk or food, sweating due to deficiency, oral ulcers, hernia, upper Jiao heat, craving for cold water, and dry mouth and nose.
The above five types of Gan have distinct symptoms, each corresponding to specific organs. Medications vary in their effects of promoting circulation, tonifying solidity, cooling, and warming. The detailed rationale is as follows; one must not make errors in regulation. For Wind Gan, treatment begins with Yunqi San (see section on Disharmony of Stomach Qi) combined with Xingpi San (two formulas exist, see section on Disharmony of Stomach Qi and section on Slow Spleen Wind) and Zhenxin Wan (see section on All Fright Conditions). After regulating until the condition recedes by three to five points and the child can eat, administer Qingjin Dan (see section on Fright-Complicated Cold Damage) one dose to purge accumulation. Since the Liver is covered by deficient phlegm-fluids, once the eyes are clear and accumulation is exhausted, resume Yunqi San and Xingpi San for one day of regulation. After the abdominal viscera are harmonized, commonly administer Zhenxin Wan combined with Lushui Wan (see section on All Gan Conditions). Administer Niuhuang Gao (see section on Diaphragm Heat). Treatment in this manner leads to recovery.
For Fright Gan, initial treatment involves alternating Yunqi San, Xingpi San, Zhusha Gao (see section on Fright Accumulation), and Huopi San (two formulas exist, see section on Disharmony of Stomach Qi and section on Slow Spleen Wind) for two to three days. As spirit gradually improves and yellow stool appears, administer Qingjin Dan to purge accumulation, followed by Yunqi San and Xingpi San. After tonifying Qi, commonly administer Zhusha Gao combined with Lushui Wan for regulation until recovery. For Qi Gan, initial treatment uses Tiaozhong Yin (see section on Disharmony of Stomach Qi) combined with Xingpi San, Cihuang Wan (see section on Cough), and Longxian Gao (see section on Heat and Thirst) for two to three days. As the condition recedes, administer Qingjin Dan to purge accumulation, followed by Yunqi San. After tonifying Qi, commonly administer Lushui Wan and Tiaozhong Yin until recovery. For Spleen Gan, initial treatment uses Yunqi San and Xingpi San for two to three days. When yellow stool changes appear, administer Binglang San (see section on Worm Movement). When Gan worms are fully expelled, use Yunqi San to tonify and clear. Then regulate with Tiaozhong Yin combined with Xingpi San for two days. Administer Qingjin Dan to remove Gan accumulation, then use Yunqi San to tonify Qi. Subsequently, commonly administer Lushui Wan and Jianpi San (see section on Disharmony of Stomach Qi) for regulation until recovery. For Urgent Gan, initial treatment uses Chenxiang Shuijing Yin (see section on Cholera) combined with Zhenxin Wan and Tiaozhong Yin, plus Longxian Gao combined with Zhusha Gao for regulation. As spirit improves over two to three days, administer Qingjin Dan to purge accumulation, then use Yunqi San to tonify. Subsequently, commonly administer Lushui Wan, Jinling San (see section on Heart Pain), and Zhusha Gao for regulation until recovery. The aforementioned five types of Gan have distinct symptoms, and medications follow specific principles; do not misuse them. If the five types of Gan do not recede with regulation, and symptoms transform, presenting with ulcers on lips and mouth, black and dry nose and mouth, passage of black blood, flaccid neck, cold body, curled tongue, exposed bones, and extreme emaciation, these are death omens and incurable.
Mr. Mao's Song on Death Omens of Five Gans in Children:
Soles of feet feel no sensation when placed on ground, holding the infant reveals lethargy and drooping limbs. Disease signs persist while body grows cold, endless diarrhea with slippery mucus follows. Neck tendons extend completely without strength, carefully discern the five terminal Gan consumptions.
Mr. Wang Handong's "Family Treasure" Song on Five Gans in Children:
Heart Fright Gan: Whole body suffers intense heat, four limbs cannot support weight. Face is yellow and cheeks red, fearing cold and loving heavy quilts. Mouth and nose constantly dry, root cause gradually deepens. Due to fright and physical trauma, this disease originates from the Heart.
Liver Wind Gan: Head shakes, rubbing mouth and nose, white film obscures eyes. Rubbing brings tears out, eyes never stay dry. Complexion is cyan, whole body has sores and tinea patches. Hair is scorched and stands erect, this disease originates from the Liver.
Spleen Gan: Food is hard to digest, heart craves eating mud. Abdomen distends with rising blue veins, hair is thin and sparse. Wheezing accompanied by yawning, no joy only desire to cry. Dysentery often has sour foul odor, this disease originates from the Spleen.
Lung Qi Gan: Frequent crying and coughing with rebellion, ulcers form in mouth and nasal cavity. Drowsy and loves sleep, body is emaciated with loose bowels. Four limbs lack strength, appearance differs from normal. Pus in stool and hemoptysis, this is injury to the Lung organ.
Kidney Urgent Gan: Diarrhea and dysentery occur frequently, vomiting and reversal deepen. Large intestine anus prolapses, intense heat abdomen with fright. Milk and food hard to enter, limb tips cold as ice. Urgent Gan is hard to treat, originally arising from the Kidney.