《葛氏肘后》∶小儿新生三日,应开腹助谷神。碎米浓作汁,饮如乳酪,与儿大豆许数令咽之,频与三豆许,
三、七日可与哺,慎不得取。次与杂药红雪少少得也。(《千金》亦有此说。又云∶止日三与之,满七日,可与哺也。)
《千金》云∶儿生十日始哺如枣核,二十日倍之,五十日如弹丸,(《圣惠》云∶二十日。)百日如枣,若乳汁少,
不得从此法,当用意小增之。若二十日而哺者,令儿无疾。儿哺早者,儿不胜谷气,令生病,头面身体喜生疮,愈
而复发,令儿 弱难养。三十日后,虽哺勿多。若不嗜食,勿强与之。强与之不消,复生疾病。哺乳不进者,
腹中皆有痰癖也。当以四物紫丸微下之。(方见变蒸门。)节哺乳,数日便自愈。小儿微寒热,亦当尔利之,要当下
之,然后乃瘥。
《千金翼》∶凡小儿不能哺乳,当服紫丸下之。
《千金翼》∶小儿生满三十日,乃当哺之。若早哺之,儿不胜谷气,令儿多肉耗。
姚和众云∶小儿初生七日,助谷神以导达肠胃,研粟米煮粥饮,浓薄如乳,每日研与半粟谷。
《婴孺》论云∶婴儿二十日乃哺,令儿无病。儿早哺而多头面身体生疮,愈则复发,令儿 弱难养也。又孙
氏《翼》云∶生满三日,乃当哺。若不胜谷气,令儿病。若不嗜食,勿强与之。与之则不消,成病而乳不进,
令腹中有痰癖也。当以四物双丸微下之即乳。数日自愈。
《婴童宝鉴》云∶小儿五十日可哺,哺如枣核许。百日加之如弹丸,早晚二哺,其后莫抱于檐下,澡浴当风
解衣,哭未断而乳,胃冷而哺。又不可在神佛前及驴马之畔,各房异户之亲,诸色物器并不可触犯,切宜慎之。
犯之即害子性命,乃为惊痫。经云∶未三岁勿食鸡肉,子腹中生虫。
钱乙云∶小儿多因爱惜过当,往三两岁犹未与饮食,致脾胃虚弱,平生多病。自半年以后,宜煎陈米稀粥,
取粥面时时与之。十月以后,渐与稠粥烂饭,以助中气,自然易养少病。惟忌生冷、油腻、甜物等。
《葛氏肘后》记载:新生儿出生三天后,应当开始辅助“谷神”(指引入谷物饮食以助脾胃运化)。将碎米煮成浓汁,其质地像乳酪一样,喂给婴儿吞服,每次给予三粒大豆大小的量,频繁喂食。到第三、七天时可以开始添加辅食,务必谨慎,不要过早或过量。随后给予少量的杂药红雪。(《千金方》也有此说法。又说:每天只喂三次,满七日后,才可以开始正式哺食。)
《千金方》说:婴儿出生十天后,才开始喂食如枣核大小的食物;二十天时加倍;五十天时如弹丸大小;一百天时如大枣大小。如果乳汁不足,不能单纯依赖这种方法,应当用心酌情稍微增加喂养量。如果在二十天时就喂食,会使婴儿不得病。婴儿过早喂食,身体承受不住谷气的消化负担,会导致生病,头部、面部和身体容易生疮,疮愈后又复发,导致婴儿虚弱难养。三十天以后,即使喂食也不要过多。如果婴儿不喜欢吃,不要强迫喂食。强迫喂食导致消化不良,会再次引发疾病。哺乳不进的,腹中都有痰癖(痰饮积聚形成的癖块)。应当用四物紫丸轻微通下。(方剂见变蒸门章节)。节制哺乳,几天后就会自愈。婴儿有轻微的寒热症状,也应当这样处理,必须通过通下之法,然后才能痊愈。
《千金翼方》说:凡是婴儿不能哺乳的,应当服用紫丸进行通下治疗。
《千金翼方》又说:婴儿出生满三十天,才应当开始喂食。如果过早喂食,婴儿承受不了谷气,会导致婴儿肌肉消瘦耗损。
姚和众说:婴儿初生七天,辅助谷神以疏导肠胃,研磨粟米煮粥饮用,浓度稀薄如同乳汁,每天研磨半颗粟谷的量喂给婴儿。
《婴孺论》说:婴儿二十天开始喂食,可使婴儿不得病。婴儿过早喂食且头部、面部、身体生疮,疮愈后复发,导致婴儿虚弱难养。另外孙氏《翼》说:出生满三天,才应当喂食。如果承受不了谷气,会让婴儿生病。如果不喜欢进食,不要强迫喂食。强迫喂食则无法消化,形成疾病而哺乳不进,导致腹中有痰癖。应当用四物双丸轻微通下即可恢复哺乳。几天后自愈。
《婴童宝鉴》说:婴儿五十天可以喂食,喂食量如枣核大小。一百天时增加到如弹丸大小,早晚各喂一次。此后不要在屋檐下抱孩子洗澡时让风吹到并解开衣服,不要在哭声未停时喂奶,以免胃冷而喂食。也不可在神佛面前及驴马旁边,不同房不同户的亲戚,各种器物都不可触犯,务必谨慎。触犯这些禁忌就会伤害孩子的性命,导致惊痫。经书说:三岁以前不要吃鸡肉,否则孩子腹中生虫。
钱乙说:小儿大多因为父母爱惜过度,到了两三岁还不给饮食,导致脾胃虚弱,一生多病。从半年以后,宜煎陈米稀粥,取粥面上的米油时时喂给孩子。十月以后,逐渐给予稠粥烂饭,以助中气,自然容易抚养且少生病。唯独忌讳生冷、油腻、甜食等。
*Ge Shi Zhou Hou* records: After three days of birth, a newborn should begin to assist the "Gu Shen" (a concept referring to introducing grain-based diet to aid spleen and stomach transformation). Crushed rice is boiled into a thick liquid with a consistency like yogurt or cream. It is given to the infant to swallow, in amounts equivalent to three soybeans per dose, administered frequently. By the third or seventh day, complementary feeding may begin; caution must be exercised to avoid premature or excessive feeding. Subsequently, a small amount of mixed medicine "Hong Xue" (Red Snow) may be given. (*Qian Jin Fang* also mentions this. It further states: Feed only three times a day; after seven full days, formal feeding may commence.)
*Qian Jin Fang* states: At ten days old, an infant should begin eating food the size of a jujube pit; at twenty days, double that amount; at fifty days, the size of a bullet; and at one hundred days, the size of a jujube. If breast milk is insufficient, one cannot rely solely on this method; one should carefully and appropriately increase the feeding volume slightly. Feeding at twenty days allows the infant to remain disease-free. Premature feeding causes the infant's body to be unable to handle the "Grain Qi" (digestive energy from grains), leading to illness. The head, face, and body are prone to sores, which recur after healing, resulting in a weak infant who is difficult to nurture. After thirty days, even if feeding, do not overfeed. If the infant refuses food, do not force it. Forced feeding leads to indigestion and subsequent illness. Failure to take breast milk indicates "Tan Pi" (phlegm-fluid accumulation forming masses) in the abdomen. One should use *Si Wu Zi Wan* (Four-Ingredient Purple Pill) for mild purgation. (Formula see section on Bian Zheng/Transformation Fever). Regulate breastfeeding; self-healing will occur within a few days. For infants with slight chills and fever, treatment should follow this approach; purgation is necessary before recovery can be achieved.
*Qian Jin Yi Fang* states: For any infant unable to take breast milk, *Zi Wan* (Purple Pill) should be administered for purgation.
*Qian Jin Yi Fang* further states: An infant should only begin solid feeding after thirty full days of life. Premature feeding causes the infant to be unable to handle Grain Qi, leading to emaciation and muscle wasting.
Yao Hezhong says: Seven days after birth, assist Gu Shen to guide and unblock the intestines and stomach. Grind millet and cook into porridge for drinking, with a consistency thin like milk. Grind half a millet grain's worth daily to feed the infant.
*Ling Ru Lun* states: Infants should begin feeding at twenty days to prevent disease. Premature feeding leads to sores on the head, face, and body, which recur after healing, causing weakness and difficulty in nurturing. Additionally, Sun's *Yi* states: Feeding should only begin after three full days of life. Inability to handle Grain Qi causes illness. Refusal to eat should not be forced. Forced feeding results in indigestion, illness, failure to take milk, and abdominal Tan Pi. *Si Wu Shuang Wan* (Four-Ingredient Double Pill) should be used for mild purgation to restore lactation. Self-healing occurs within a few days.
*Tong Bao Bao Jian* states: Infants may begin feeding at fifty days, with portions the size of a jujube pit. At one hundred days, increase to the size of a bullet. Feed twice daily, morning and evening. Thereafter, do not bathe the child under eaves where wind blows while undressed. Do not breastfeed while the infant is still crying, as this causes cold stomach and improper feeding. Avoid locations near deities, Buddhas, donkeys, or horses. Relatives from different households or rooms, and various objects, must not be offended; strict caution is required. Offending these taboos harms the child's life, leading to Jing Xian (startle epilepsy). Classics state: Do not eat chicken meat before age three, as it causes worms to grow in the child's abdomen.
Qian Yi states: Children often suffer from excessive parental affection, resulting in no solid food being given until two or three years old. This leads to spleen and stomach deficiency and lifelong illness. From six months onward, boil aged rice into thin porridge and feed the surface layer (rice oil) frequently. After ten months, gradually introduce thick porridge and soft rice to support Middle Qi (Spleen/Stomach energy). Naturally, the child becomes easier to raise and falls ill less. Only raw/cold foods, greasy foods, and sweet substances are taboo.