小儿咳嗽声不出者，紫菀微炒研末，杏仁去皮尖，研如泥，等分，炼蜜为丸芡实大。每服一丸，北五味七
粒煎汤，化服。
肺实咳嗽痰喘，葶苈子隔纸炒为末，枣肉为丸龙眼核大。每服一丸，白汤化服。
咳嗽多痰，葶苈子隔纸炒、知母微炒，各五钱，研末，砂糖为丸芡实大。每服一丸，白
汤化下。
小儿喘嗽发热，自汗吐红，脉虚无力。人参切片，焙干，天花粉切片，酒炒，等分为末。每服五分，蜜汤
调服，以瘥为度。
秋天肺燥，咳嗽无痰，北沙参一味，每服五钱，净水浓煎，热服。
小儿百 嗽，痰壅喘咳，用贝母五钱，淡姜汤润湿，饭上蒸过，甘草半生半炒，二钱五分，研细末，砂糖
为丸龙眼核大。每服一丸，米饮化服。
热痰咳嗽，痰出稠浓，或咽喉痛，制南星、制半夏各三钱半，枯黄芩七钱，焙燥为末，砂糖为丸芡实大。
每用一丸，姜汤化服。
经曰∶犯贼风虚邪者阳受之，阳受之则入六腑，入六腑则身热不得卧，上为喘呼。又曰∶肺病者，喘咳逆
气，肩背痛，汗出。夫喘者，恶候也。肺金清肃之令，不能下行，故上逆而为喘。经曰∶诸气 郁，皆属于肺。
喘者，肺之 郁也。吼者，喉中如拽锯，若水鸡声者是也；喘者，气促而连属，不能以息者是也。故吼以声响
言，喘以气息名。凡如水鸡声者为实，喉如鼾声者为虚，虽由于痰火内郁，风寒外束，而治之者不可不分虚实也。
有因外感而得者，必恶寒发热，面赤唇红，鼻息不利，清便自调，邪在表也。宜发散之，五虎汤。
有因热而得者，必口燥咽干，大小便不利。宜葶苈丸微下之。
有因宿食而得者，必痰涎壅盛，喘息有声。先用山楂、神曲、麦芽各三钱，煎汤与服，消其食，次千缗汤。
素有哮喘之疾，遇天寒暄不时，犯则连绵不已，发过自愈，不须上方。于未发时，可预防之。有一发即能
吐痰者，宜服补肾地黄丸加五味、故脂，多服自愈；有发而不吐痰
者，宜痰喘方。
凡哮喘初发，宜服苏陈九宝汤。盖哮喘为顽痰闭塞，非麻黄不足以开其肺窍，放胆用之，百发百中。
或胸膈积热，心火凌肺，热痰壅盛，忽然大喘者，名马脾风。盖心为午火属马，言心脾有风热也。小儿此
证最多，不急治，必死，用牛黄夺命散下之效。
凡大病久病之后，或久服寒凉克削之后，或久吐久泻之后，忽然气急，似喘非喘，气息短促，名为短气。
短者断之基，气将脱也。速宜挽救，人参五味子汤效。
又有虚败之证，忽然张口大喘，入少出多，而气息往来无滞。此肾不纳气，浮散于外，大凶之兆，速投贞
元饮；不效，理阴煎加人参、鹿茸，或可挽救。
如汗出如油，发润而喘者，肺绝也；汗出如油，张口大喘者，命绝也；直视谵语而喘者，肝绝也。凡大病
正气欲绝，无根脱气上冲，必大喘而绝矣。
小儿咳嗽声音发不出来的，用紫菀轻微炒制后研成粉末，杏仁去皮和尖端，研磨成泥状，两者等量混合，用炼蜜制成如芡实大小的药丸。每次服用一丸，用北五味子七粒煎汤，送服化开。
肺实热导致的咳嗽、痰多气喘，用葶苈子隔纸炒制后研成粉末，用枣肉制成如龙眼核大小的药丸。每次服用一丸，用白开水送服化开。
咳嗽痰多，用葶苈子隔纸炒制、知母轻微炒制，各五钱，研成粉末，用砂糖制成如芡实大小的药丸。每次服用一丸，用白开水送服化下。
小儿喘嗽伴有发热、自汗、咳血，脉象虚弱无力。用人参切片，焙干；天花粉切片，用酒炒制，两者等量研成粉末。每次服用五分，用蜜汤调服，以病愈为度。
秋季肺气燥热，咳嗽无痰，单用北沙参一味药，每次服用五钱，用清水浓煎，趁热服用。
小儿百日咳，痰壅气促咳嗽，用贝母五钱，用淡姜汤润湿，放在饭上蒸过；甘草一半生用一半炒制，二钱五分，研成细末，用砂糖制成如龙眼核大小的药丸。每次服用一丸，用米汤送服化开。
热痰咳嗽，痰液稠厚浓浊，或者咽喉疼痛，用制南星、制半夏各三钱半，枯黄芩七钱，焙干研成粉末，用砂糖制成如芡实大小的药丸。每次取一丸，用姜汤送服化开。
《内经》说：遭受贼风虚邪侵袭的，阳经受之，阳经受邪则传入六腑，传入六腑则身体发热不能安卧，向上表现为喘息呼叫。又说：肺病的人，会出现喘息、咳嗽、气逆，肩背部疼痛，出汗。大凡喘息，是恶候（预后不良的症状）。肺金清肃下降的功能失常，不能下行，所以上逆而成为喘息。《内经》说：各种气机郁滞，都归属于肺。喘息，就是肺气郁滞的表现。吼，是指喉中声音像拉锯一样，或者像水鸡叫的声音；喘，是指气息急促且连续不断，无法顺畅呼吸。所以“吼”是从声响角度说的，“喘”是从气息角度命名的。凡是像水鸡叫声的是实证，喉咙像打鼾声的是虚证，虽然这是由于痰火内郁、风寒外束所致，但治疗时不可不区分虚实。
有因外感引起的，必定伴有恶寒发热、面赤唇红、鼻息不利，大小便正常，这是邪气在表。适宜用发散法，方用五虎汤。
有因热邪引起的，必定口燥咽干，大小便不通利。适宜用葶苈丸轻微通下。
有因宿食积滞引起的，必定痰涎壅盛，喘息有声。先用山楂、神曲、麦芽各三钱，煎汤给患儿服用，以消食积，然后再用千缗汤。
素来患有哮喘疾病，遇到天气忽冷忽热，发作起来连绵不断，发作过后自行缓解，不需要使用上述方剂。在未发作时，可以预防。有一种发作即能吐出痰液的，适宜服用补肾地黄丸加五味子、故纸（补骨脂），多服可自愈；有一种发作但不吐痰的，适宜用痰喘方。
凡是哮喘初发，适宜服用苏陈九宝汤。因为哮喘是由于顽痰闭塞气道，非麻黄不足以开通肺窍，所以要大胆使用，百发百中。
如果胸膈积热，心火凌犯肺脏，热痰壅盛，忽然出现大喘息的，名叫马脾风。因为心属午火对应马，指心脾有风热。小儿患此证最多，如果不紧急治疗，必死无疑，用牛黄夺命散攻下有效。
凡是患大病久病之后，或者长期服用寒凉克削药物之后，或者长期呕吐腹泻之后，忽然出现气急，似喘非喘，气息短促的，名叫短气。短气是气将断绝的基础，气即将脱失。必须迅速挽救，用人参五味子汤有效。
又有虚败之证，忽然张口大喘，吸气少呼气多，气息往来没有阻滞。这是肾不纳气，元气浮散于外，是大凶之兆，必须迅速投用贞元饮；如果无效，用理阴煎加人参、鹿茸，或许可以挽救。
如果汗出如油，头发湿润而喘息的，是肺绝症；汗出如油，张口大喘息的，是命绝症；直视谵语而喘息的，是肝绝症。凡是重病正气欲绝，无根之气上冲，必然出现大喘息而死亡。
When a child's cough is silent or produces little sound, use slightly stir-fried *Radix Asteris* (Zi Wan) ground into powder, and *Semen Armeniacae Amarum* (Xing Ren) peeled and cored, ground into a paste. Mix equal parts, form pills with refined honey the size of a Chinese quince seed (*Qian Shi*). Take one pill per dose, decoct seven grains of *Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis* (Bei Wu Wei Zi) in water, and take the pill dissolved in this decoction.
For lung excess-type cough with phlegm and wheezing, use *Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae* (Ting Li Zi) stir-fried between papers, ground into powder, and formed into pills with jujube flesh the size of a longan pit. Take one pill per dose, dissolve in plain warm water.
For cough with abundant phlegm, use *Semen Lepidii seu Descurainiae* (Ting Li Zi) stir-fried between papers and *Radix Anemarrhenae* (Zhi Mu) slightly stir-fried, each 5 qian, ground into powder, and formed into pills with rock sugar the size of a Chinese quince seed (*Qian Shi*). Take one pill per dose, swallow with plain warm water.
For pediatric asthma-cough accompanied by fever, spontaneous sweating, hemoptysis, and a weak, powerless pulse: slice *Radix Ginseng* (Ren Shen), bake until dry; slice *Radix Polygonati Odorati* (Tian Hua Fen), stir-fry with wine. Mix equal parts, grind into powder. Take 0.5 fen per dose, mix with honeyed water, continue until recovery.
In autumn, due to lung dryness causing cough without phlegm, use single-herb *Radix Glehniae* (Bei Sha Shen), 5 qian per dose. Decoct strongly in clean water and take hot.
For pediatric hundred-day cough with phlegm obstruction, wheezing, and cough: use *Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae* (Bei Mu) 5 qian, moisten with light ginger soup, steam over rice. Use *Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis* (Gan Cao), half raw and half stir-fried, 2.5 qian. Grind into fine powder, form pills with rock sugar the size of a longan pit. Take one pill per dose, dissolve in rice drink.
For heat-phlegm cough with thick, viscous sputum or sore throat: use processed *Rhizoma Aconiti Kusnezoffii* (Zhi Nan Xing) and processed *Rhizoma Pinelliae* (Zhi Ban Xia), each 3.5 qian, and scorched *Radix Scutellariae* (Ku Huang Qin) 7 qian. Bake dry, grind into powder, form pills with rock sugar the size of a Chinese quince seed (*Qian Shi*). Take one pill per dose, dissolve in ginger soup.
The Classics state: "Those afflicted by treacherous winds and empty pathogens receive them in the Yang channels. Receiving them in the Yang channels leads to entry into the Six Fu Organs. Entry into the Six Fu Organs results in body heat and inability to sleep, manifesting upward as wheezing and calling." It also states: "In lung disease, there is wheezing, coughing, counterflow qi, shoulder and back pain, and sweating." Generally, wheezing is an ominous sign. When the clearing and descending function of Lung Metal fails to move downward, it rebels upward, causing wheezing. The Classics state: "All Qi stagnation belongs to the Lung." Wheezing is the stagnation of Lung Qi. "Roaring" refers to sounds in the throat like sawing wood or the call of a water fowl; "wheezing" refers to rapid, continuous breathing that cannot be sustained. Thus, "roaring" describes the sound, while "wheezing" describes the breath. Cases resembling a water fowl's call are Excess patterns; those with snoring-like throat sounds are Deficiency patterns. Although caused internally by phlegm-fire stagnation and externally by wind-cold constraint, treatment must distinguish between Excess and Deficiency.
If caused by external contraction, there will necessarily be aversion to cold and fever, red face and lips, nasal congestion, but normal urination and defecation, indicating pathogen in the Exterior. Dispersing method is suitable, using *Wu Hu Tang* (Five Tiger Decoction).
If caused by heat, there will necessarily be dry mouth and throat, and difficulty in urination and defecation. Mild purgation with *Ting Li Wan* (Descurainia Seed Pill) is suitable.
If caused by retained food, there will necessarily be abundant saliva and phlegm, and audible wheezing. First, decoct *Fructus Crataegi* (Shan Zha), *Massa Medicata Fermentata* (Shen Qu), and *Fructus Hordei Germinatus* (Mai Ya), each 3 qian, give to the patient to digest the food, then use *Qian Min Tang*.
For those with chronic asthma, triggered by irregular weather changes, attacks persist continuously and resolve spontaneously after passing. Do not use the above formulas. Prevention can be taken before onset. If an attack immediately produces phlegm, *Bu Shen Di Huang Wan* (Kidney-Nourishing Rehmannia Pill) added with *Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis* (Wu Wei Zi) and *Fructus Psoraleae* (Gu Zhi) should be taken for prolonged periods to self-heal. If an attack does not produce phlegm, use *Tan Chuan Fang* (Phlegm-Wheezing Formula).
For initial onset of asthma, *Su Chen Jiu Bao Tang* (Perilla and Chenpi Nine Treasures Decoction) is suitable. Asthma is caused by stubborn phlegm blocking the airways; only *Herba Ephedrae* (Ma Huang) is sufficient to open the Lung orifices. Use it boldly, and it will be effective every time.
If there is accumulated heat in the chest and diaphragm, Heart Fire insulting the Lung, and abundant heat-phlegm causing sudden severe wheezing, it is named *Ma Pi Feng* (Horse Spleen Wind). Since the Heart corresponds to Wu Fire and the Horse, this indicates wind-heat in the Heart and Spleen. This condition is most common in children; if not treated urgently, death is inevitable. Purging with *Niu Huang Duo Ming San* (Calculus Bovis Life-Snatching Powder) is effective.
After major or chronic illnesses, or after prolonged use of cold/cooling and draining medicines, or after prolonged vomiting and diarrhea, sudden shortness of breath, resembling wheezing but not quite, with short breaths, is named *Duan Qi* (Short Breath). Shortness of breath is the basis of severance; Qi is about to collapse. Immediate rescue is needed; *Ren Shen Wu Wei Zi Tang* (Ginseng and Schisandra Decoction) is effective.
There is also a case of deficiency and exhaustion where the patient suddenly opens their mouth for severe wheezing, inhaling less and exhaling more, with unobstructed airflow. This is Kidney failing to grasp Qi, with Yuan Qi floating outward, a sign of great misfortune. Immediately administer *Zhen Yuan Yin* (True Origin Decoction); if ineffective, *Li Yin Jian* (Regulate Yin Decoction) added with *Radix Ginseng* (Ren Shen) and *Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum* (Lu Rong) may offer rescue.
If sweat flows like oil, hair is moist, and there is wheezing, it is Lung Exhaustion; if sweat flows like oil, the mouth is open wide in severe wheezing, it is Life Exhaustion; if eyes are fixed, delirious speech occurs with wheezing, it is Liver Exhaustion. In all cases of major illness where Zheng Qi is about to perish, Rootless Qi rushes upward, leading inevitably to death via severe wheezing.