先寒后热身无汗，此为寒疟不须评。先热后寒身有汗，此为风疟须详明。寒宜麻黄羌活剂，风惟
桂枝羌活从。
【注】此疟疾初起，发散之法也。先寒后热者，因先伤于寒，后伤于风，寒多热少，身
无汗者，谓之寒疟，以麻黄羌活汤主之。先热后寒者，因先伤于风，后伤于寒，热多寒
少，身有汗者，谓之风疟，以桂枝羌活汤主之。
麻黄羌活汤
麻黄 羌活 防风 甘草（生）
引用生姜，水煎服。
【方歌】麻黄羌活汤医疟，身体无汗寒热增，麻黄羌活防风草，引姜煎服体安宁。
桂枝羌活汤
羌活 防风 桂枝 甘草（生）
引用生姜，水煎服。
【方歌】桂枝羌活汤，治疟岂寻常，羌活生甘草，防风桂枝良。
食疟寒热腹胀膨，面黄恶食闷不通，轻者须用柴平剂，便硬加味大柴攻。
【注】食疟者，因食而病疟者也。由小儿饮食无节，复受风暑之气，以致寒热交作，胸
腹胀满，痞闷不通，面黄恶食也。但食有轻重，须当别之。轻者宜柴平汤主之，重者
宜大柴胡汤加槟榔、草果主之。治者果能因证调理，则积滞清，而疟渐退矣。
柴平汤
陈皮 半夏（姜制） 苍术（米泔水浸炒） 浓朴（姜炒） 黄芩 柴胡 甘草 人参
引用姜枣，水煎服。
【方歌】柴平汤治伤食疟，陈半苍术同浓朴，黄芩柴胡草人参，姜枣作饮为良药。
大柴胡汤
先出现寒战随后发热且身体无汗，这是寒疟，无需多言。先出现发热随后寒战且身体有汗，这是风疟，需要详细辨明。寒疟适宜使用麻黄羌活剂，风疟只宜遵循桂枝羌活汤的治法。
【注】这是疟疾初起时采用的发散治疗方法。先寒后热的，是因为先受寒邪侵袭，后受风邪侵袭，寒重热轻，身体无汗的，称为寒疟，以麻黄羌活汤为主治方剂。先热后寒的，是因为先受风邪侵袭，后受寒邪侵袭，热重寒轻，身体有汗的，称为风疟，以桂枝羌活汤为主治方剂。
麻黄羌活汤
药材：麻黄、羌活、防风、甘草（生用）
用法：引用生姜为引，加水煎煮服用。
【方歌】麻黄羌活汤治疗疟疾，身体无汗寒热症状加重，组成包括麻黄、羌活、防风、甘草，加入生姜煎服可使身体安宁。
桂枝羌活汤
药材：羌活、防风、桂枝、甘草（生用）
用法：引用生姜为引，加水煎煮服用。
【方歌】桂枝羌活汤，治疗疟疾非同寻常，羌活、生甘草、防风、桂枝疗效良好。
食疟表现为寒热交替、腹部胀满膨隆，面色萎黄、厌恶饮食、胸中闷塞不通，病情较轻者须用柴平剂，若大便干硬则需加味大柴胡汤攻下。
【注】食疟，是因饮食不当而引发的疟疾病症。由于小儿饮食没有节制，又受到风暑之气的侵袭，导致寒热交替发作，胸部和腹部胀满，痞塞闷痛不通，面色萎黄且厌恶饮食。但饮食积滞有轻重之分，必须加以区别。轻症适宜用柴平汤主治，重症适宜用大柴胡汤加槟榔、草果主治。医者若能根据证候进行调理，那么积滞清除，疟疾就会逐渐消退。
柴平汤
药材：陈皮、半夏（姜制）、苍术（米泔水浸泡炒制）、浓朴（姜炒）、黄芩、柴胡、甘草、人参
用法：引用生姜、大枣为引，加水煎煮服用。
Chills precede fever with no sweating on the body; this is Cold Malaria (Han Nüe), which needs no further discussion. Fever precedes chills with sweating on the body; this is Wind Malaria (Feng Nüe), which requires detailed differentiation. For Cold Malaria, a decoction of Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo) is appropriate; for Wind Malaria, one should follow the treatment principle of Cinnamon Twig Decoction (Guizhi Tang) combined with Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo).
[Note] This refers to the dispersing method used at the onset of malaria. When chills precede fever, it is due to initial injury by cold pathogen followed by wind pathogen; with cold predominating over heat and no sweating, it is termed Cold Malaria, treated primarily with Mahuang Qianghuo Tang. When fever precedes chills, it is due to initial injury by wind pathogen followed by cold pathogen; with heat predominating over cold and sweating present, it is termed Wind Malaria, treated primarily with Guizhi Qianghuo Tang.
Mahuang Qianghuo Tang (Ephedra and Notopterygium Decoction)
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang, 麻黄), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo, 羌活), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 防风), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) prepared raw.
Usage: Use Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) as a guide, decoct in water and take orally.
[Fang Ge - Formula Song] Mahuang Qianghuo Tang treats malaria, where the body has no sweat and chills and fever increase. The formula contains Mahuang, Qianghuo, Fangfeng, and Gancao; decoct with Shengjiang to bring peace to the body.
Guizhi Qianghuo Tang (Cinnamon Twig and Notopterygium Decoction)
Ingredients: Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo, 羌活), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, 防风), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi, 桂枝), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草) prepared raw.
Usage: Use Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) as a guide, decoct in water and take orally.
[Fang Ge - Formula Song] Guizhi Qianghuo Tang, treating malaria is not ordinary; Qianghuo, raw Gancao, Fangfeng, and Guizhi are excellent.
Food Stagnation Malaria (Shi Nüe) presents with alternating chills and fever, abdominal distension and bloating, sallow complexion, aversion to food, and chest stuffiness with obstruction. In mild cases, Chai Ping Tang should be used; if stool is hard, modified Da Chai Hu Tang should be used for purging.
[Note] Food Stagnation Malaria is malaria caused by dietary indiscretion. It arises because children have irregular eating habits and are subsequently affected by wind and summerheat pathogens, leading to alternating chills and fever, chest and abdominal fullness, stifling sensation and obstruction, sallow complexion, and aversion to food. However, the severity of food stagnation varies and must be distinguished. Mild cases are suitable for Chai Ping Tang; severe cases are suitable for Da Chai Hu Tang added with Arecae Semen (Binglang, 槟榔) and Tsaoko Fructus (Caoguo, 草果). If the practitioner can regulate according to the syndrome, the food stagnation will clear, and the malaria will gradually recede.
Chai Ping Tang (Bupleurum and Pinellia Decoction)
Ingredients: Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi, 陈皮), Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia, 半夏) processed with ginger, Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu, 苍术) soaked in rice wash water and stir-fried, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (N Houpo, 厚朴) stir-fried with ginger, Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin, 黄芩), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, 柴胡), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, 甘草), Ginseng Radix (Renshen, 人参).
Usage: Use Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang, 生姜) and Jujubae Fructus (Dazao, 大枣) as guides, decoct in water and take orally.
[Fang Ge - Formula Song] Chai Ping Tang treats food-stagnation malaria; Chenpi, Banxia, Cangzhu, and Houpo together; Huangqin, Chaihu, Gancao, and Renshen; decoct with Shengjiang and Dazao as a good medicine.
Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction)