肺热之象，为右腮独现红色，至午后红色尤盛而作烧，鼻孔干燥作痒，两目白球现红丝，或全蒸红酸涩流泪，
热胀而且痛，鼻息粗促，或口气急发喘，或咳嗽吐黄浓痰，或咳不能畅，肺气胀满而胸博微高，或气逆痰涌而咳
不出，面部壅急顿成赤色，或大便燥结，肺热移于大肠也，或大便泻黄水，肺热极下迫大肠也。肺与胃相邻，肺
热胃必波及亦生热，停滞作酸，胸闷呃逆，头晕目旋，饮食无味，舌苔黄浓而腻，时作呕吐，口发臭气。凡此等
现象之病形，直接与间接，均肺热使之然也。未有表热现象者，是无外邪的感染，当纯按肺热治疗，应用清热肃
肺药即可，热去肺气自能通畅，咳嗽能平，痰饮亦消也。万不可用散风邪药治肺，反致肺因风药鼓荡，热愈甚也，
今拟一专清肺热兼治胃之方如下∶
清热肃肺平胃通络方
栝蒌皮（钱半） 苦桔梗（钱半） 泥杏仁（二钱，炒） 广陈皮（钱半） 薤白头（钱半） 炒枳壳（钱半）
鸡内金（二钱） 淡竹茹（钱半） 青连翘（二钱） 鲜枇杷叶（二钱，布包，为引） 水煎。此药为五岁上下
小儿之方剂，若在周岁上下小儿须减半用之。此方连进二服，无外感的内热，及肺热胃满滞气闷等症，均能治愈也。
其成方清肺热之泻白散，万不可用。以该方中的桑白皮、地骨皮，均为治肺阴之药，其性走阴分，清肺中血分之热，
恐引热入阴。病本在气分，误引入血分，不但不能清肺热，乃至热入愈深，变症歧出，治疗更须费手续也。
肺寒之象，为鼻流清涕，气逆咳嗽，时吐稀痰或白痰，肢体时有恶寒象，面色痿白，舌苔白腻，小溲清长，
大便溏泻，饮食无味，食欲不振，口中时泛淡甜水。凡此等病象，是肺寒的。
肺热的征象，表现为右侧腮部单独呈现红色，到了午后红色更加显著并伴有发热感，鼻孔干燥且发痒，双眼白睛出现红丝，或者整个眼球蒸红、酸涩流泪，眼睛红肿疼痛，呼吸粗重急促，或者气息急促引发喘息，或者咳嗽并吐出黄色浓稠痰液，或者咳嗽不畅快，肺气胀满导致胸廓微微隆起，或者气逆痰涌导致咳不出来，面部紧绷迅速变成赤色，或者大便干结难解，这是肺热转移到大肠所致，或者大便泻出黄色水样便，这是肺热极盛下迫大肠所致。肺与胃位置相邻，肺热必然波及胃部使其也产生热邪，导致食物停滞发酵变酸，出现胸闷、打嗝，头晕目眩，饮食无味，舌苔黄厚腻，时常呕吐，口中散发臭气。凡是这些现象的病症，无论是直接还是间接，都是肺热造成的。如果没有表热（体表受邪）的现象，说明没有外邪感染，应当纯粹按照肺热进行治疗，应用清热肃肺的药物即可，热邪去除后肺气自然通畅，咳嗽平息，痰饮也会消除。千万不可使用疏散风邪的药物来治疗肺病，否则反而会导致肺部因风药的鼓动作用，使热势更加严重。现在拟定一个专门清除肺热兼治胃的方剂如下：
清热肃肺平胃通络方
栝蒌皮（一钱半） 苦桔梗（一钱半） 泥杏仁（二钱，炒制） 广陈皮（一钱半） 薤白头（一钱半） 炒枳壳（一钱半）
鸡内金（二钱） 淡竹茹（一钱半） 青连翘（二钱） 鲜枇杷叶（二钱，用布包裹，作为药引） 用水煎煮。此药是适用于五岁左右小儿的方剂，如果是一周岁左右的小儿必须减半使用。此方连续服用两剂，对于无外感引起的内热，以及肺热、胃满、滞气闷堵等症状，均能治愈。
那些现成的清肺热方剂如泻白散，万万不可使用。因为该方中的桑白皮、地骨皮，都是治疗肺阴亏虚的药物，其药性趋向于阴分，清除肺中血分的 heat，恐怕会将热邪引入阴分。病本在气分，误引入血分，不仅不能清除肺热，反而会使热邪深入，变证百出，治疗将更加繁琐困难。
肺寒的征象，表现为鼻子流出清稀鼻涕，气逆咳嗽，时常吐出稀薄痰液或白色痰液，肢体时常有怕冷的感觉，面色萎黄苍白，舌苔白腻，小便清长，大便溏泄，饮食无味，食欲不振，口中时常泛起淡甜的水液。凡是这些病象，属于肺寒。
The manifestations of Lung Heat include redness appearing exclusively on the right cheek, which becomes more intense in the afternoon accompanied by a sensation of fever. The nostrils are dry and itchy; the sclerae (white part of the eyes) show red veins, or the entire eyeballs appear steamed-red with soreness, tearing, swelling, distension, and pain. Breathing is coarse and rapid, or there is急促 breathing leading to asthma/panting. There may be coughing with expectoration of yellow, thick sputum, or ineffective coughing where Lung Qi is distended causing slight elevation of the chest wall. Alternatively, rebellious Qi and surging phlegm prevent expectoration. The face may become tense and rapidly turn crimson. Stools may be dry and constipated, indicating that Lung Heat has transferred to the Large Intestine; or stools may be watery and yellow, indicating extreme Lung Heat forcing downward into the Large Intestine. Since the Lung and Stomach are adjacent, Lung Heat inevitably affects the Stomach, generating heat therein. This leads to food stagnation turning sour, chest oppression, hiccups, dizziness, vertigo, loss of taste, a yellow, thick, and greasy tongue coating, frequent vomiting, and foul breath. All these pathological forms, whether direct or indirect, are caused by Lung Heat. If there are no exterior heat symptoms (biao re), it indicates no external pathogenic infection. Treatment should strictly follow the principle of clearing Lung Heat. Applying herbs that clear heat and purify the Lung will allow Lung Qi to flow freely once the heat is eliminated, thereby calming the cough and resolving phlegm-fluids. One must absolutely avoid using wind-dispelling herbs to treat the Lung, as this will cause the wind-herbs to agitate the Lung, exacerbating the heat. Below is a proposed formula specifically for clearing Lung Heat while also treating the Stomach:
Qing Re Su Fei Ping Wei Tong Luo Fang (Clearing Heat, Purifying Lung, Calming Stomach, and Unblocking Collaterals Decoction)
Gualou Pi (Trichosanthis Pericarpium, 1.5 qian)
Kujiegeng (Platycodonis Radix, 1.5 qian)
Nixingren (Prunus Armeniacae Semen, 2 qian, stir-fried)
Guangchenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium, 1.5 qian)
Xiebeitou (Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus, 1.5 qian)
Chaozhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, 1.5 qian, stir-fried)
Jineijin (Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum, 2 qian)
Danzhuru (Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam, 1.5 qian)
Qinglianqiao (Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, 2 qian)
Xianpiluy (Eriobotryae Folium, fresh, 2 qian, wrapped in cloth, used as a guide drug).
Decoct in water. This formula is intended for children around five years old. For infants around one year old, the dosage must be halved. Administering this formula consecutively for two doses can cure internal heat without external contraction, as well as symptoms such as Lung Heat, Stomach fullness, stagnant Qi, and oppression.
Existing formulas for clearing Lung Heat, such as Xiebai San (Draining White Powder), must absolutely not be used. The Sangbaipi (Morus Albae Cortex) and Digupi (Lycii Cortex) in that formula are herbs for treating Lung Yin deficiency. Their nature moves toward the Yin aspect, clearing heat from the blood level of the Lung. This risks drawing heat into the Yin aspect. Since the pathology originates in the Qi level, mistakenly directing it to the Blood level will not only fail to clear Lung Heat but will cause the heat to penetrate deeper, leading to various complications and making treatment more arduous.
The manifestations of Lung Cold include clear nasal discharge, rebellious Qi and cough, frequent expectoration of thin or white sputum, occasional aversion to cold in the limbs, sallow and pale complexion, white and greasy tongue coating, clear and profuse urine, loose stools, loss of taste, poor appetite, and occasional flooding of faintly sweet fluid in the mouth. All these pathological signs indicate Lung Cold.