耳者肾之候小儿肾气实其热上冲于耳遂使津液壅滞为稠脓为清汁者此也亦有沐浴水入耳
中水
湿停留搏于血气酝酿成热亦令耳脓久不瘥变成聋以龙骨散主之又汤氏云有五般停耳候停耳者
常有黄脓出也脓耳者常有红脓出也缠耳者常有白脓也五耳者耳内疳臭震耳者耳内虚鸣时出青
脓病虽五般其源一也皆由水入耳中而因有积热上壅而成若不早治久则成聋宜胭脂膏治之仍服
化毒退热等剂即愈也
钱氏曰目内赤者乃心家积热上攻宜导赤散主之淡黄者心虚热生犀散主之青者肝热泻肝丸
主之
黄者脾热泻黄散主之眼目视物不明不肿不痛不赤无翳膜或见黑花无眼光者是肝肾俱虚不可便
服凉药宜地黄丸主之有痘疮入眼以决明散密蒙花散主之有小儿初生眼闭者由产母食热物毒物
致成斯疾治法当以熊胆少许蒸水洗眼上一日七次如三日不开用生地黄汤服仍须乳母服山茵陈
汤凡初生小儿须洗令净若洗不净则秽汁浸渍于眼 中使眼赤烂至长不瘥母食热物热药名曰胎
赤有因难产胎气颇涩转侧瘥缓其血压于儿首遂致溅血渗下盛则灌注其眼不见瞳人轻则外胞肿
赤上下弦烂若投凉药必寒脏腑宜与生地黄汤主之口糜者乃膀胱移热于小肠膈肠不便上为口糜
心胃壅热水谷不传下传小肠以导赤散去小肠热五苓散泻膀胱热故以导赤散调五苓散主之鹅口
者小儿初生口内白屑满舌上如鹅之口故曰鹅口也此乃胎热而心脾最盛重发于口也用发缠指头
蘸薄荷自然汁水拭口内如不脱浓煮粟米汁拭之即用黄丹 过出火毒掺于患处口疮者乃小儿将
养过温心脏积热熏蒸于上故成口疮也宜南星末醋调贴两脚心乳母宜服洗心散以泻心汤主之丹
溪云一小儿口疮不下食众以狐惑治之必死后以矾汤于脚上浸半日顿宽以黄柏密炙僵蚕炒为
末敷之立下瘥乳而安
鼻为肺之窍因心肺上病而不利也有寒热者邪伤皮毛气不利而壅清道而为病也故小儿鼻塞
者由
肺气通于鼻气为阳若气受风寒停滞鼻开则成鼻塞气寒而津液不收则多鼻涕若冷气久不散脓涕
结聚使鼻不闻香臭则 鼻若挟热则鼻干皆阻碍乳又小儿禀赋胎气充实三关九窍五脏六腑内外
呼吸上下贯通流行百脉正顺三焦者皆由所协元命自然之气也凡产芽儿三朝五日六晨一腊忽然
鼻塞吻乳不能开口呼吸者多是乳母安睡之时不知所持鼻中出息吹着儿囟或洗浴用水温冷气不
通风邪所以致儿鼻塞
耳是肾的外候。小儿肾气充实,热气上冲于耳,致使津液壅滞,形成稠脓或清稀汁液,这就是耳脓的原因。也有因沐浴时水进入耳中,湿气停留,与气血搏结,酝酿成热,也会导致耳流脓。若久不痊愈,会变成耳聋,应用龙骨散主治。另外汤氏说,有五种停耳证候:停耳,常有黄脓流出;脓耳,常有红脓流出;缠耳,常有白脓流出;五耳,耳内有疳蚀臭味;震耳,耳内虚鸣,不时流出青脓。这五种病虽然表现不同,但根源相同,都是由水入耳中,加之积热上壅而成。若不早期治疗,日久则会导致耳聋,适宜用胭脂膏治疗,同时服用化毒退热等药剂即可痊愈。
钱乙说:眼睛内部发红,是心家积热上攻所致,宜用导赤散主治;颜色淡黄的,是心虚热所生,宜用生犀散主治;发青的,是肝热,宜用泻肝丸主治;发黄的,是脾热,宜用泻黄散主治。眼睛视物不明,不肿、不痛、不红、无翳膜,或者看见黑花、眼神无光,这是肝肾俱虚,不可立即服用凉药,宜用地黄丸主治。若有痘疮侵入眼睛,宜用决明散或密蒙花散主治。对于初生婴儿眼睛闭合的情况,是由于产母食用热性食物或有毒食物导致此疾,治疗方法应当用少许熊胆蒸水洗眼,一日七次。如果三天仍不睁开,服用生地黄汤,同时乳母需服用山茵陈汤。凡是初生婴儿,必须清洗干净,如果洗不净,秽浊汁液浸渍眼中,会使眼睛红肿溃烂,长久不愈。母亲食用热性食物或热性药物,名为“胎赤”。还有因难产,胎气涩滞,转动迟缓,其血压迫婴儿头部,致使溅血渗下,重者灌注眼部,看不见瞳仁;轻者外眼睑红肿,上下弦烂。若投用凉药,必定寒伤脏腑,宜用生地黄汤主治。
口糜,是膀胱移热于小肠,膈肠不便,热气上逆形成口糜;心胃壅滞,水谷不能传导下行,传入小肠,需用导赤散去小肠之热,五苓散泻膀胱之热,所以用导赤散配合五苓散主治。鹅口,是小儿初生时口内白屑满布舌上,像鹅的嘴巴,所以叫鹅口。这是由于胎热而心脾最盛,严重发作于口腔。用药棉缠绕手指,蘸取薄荷自然汁擦拭口腔内部,如果不脱落,可用浓煮的粟米汁擦拭,然后用黄丹(经过火制去毒)撒在患处。口疮,是由于小儿养育过温,心脏积热熏蒸于上部,从而形成口疮。宜用南星末加醋调匀贴敷两脚心,乳母宜服用洗心散,以泻心汤主治。朱丹溪说:有一个小儿患口疮,不下食,众人用狐惑病治疗,必然导致死亡。后用矾汤浸泡双脚半天,顿时缓解,再用黄柏蜜炙、僵蚕炒后研为细末,敷在患处,立刻痊愈,哺乳也安稳了。
鼻是肺的窍道,因为心肺在上部有病而不通利。有寒热的,是邪气损伤皮毛,气机不利而壅塞清道,从而致病。所以小儿鼻塞,是因为肺气通于鼻,气属阳,若气受风寒停滞,鼻孔张开,就形成鼻塞。气寒而津液不收摄,就会多鼻涕。若冷气久不散,脓涕结聚,使鼻子闻不到香臭,就是鼻渊。若挟带热邪,则鼻干,都阻碍吃奶。另外,小儿禀赋胎气充实,三关九窍、五脏六腑内外呼吸上下贯通,流行百脉,正气顺遂,三焦通畅,这都是由协同元命自然之气所致。凡是刚出生的婴儿,在三朝、五日、六晨或一腊之时,忽然鼻塞,吮乳不能开口呼吸,多是乳母安睡时不知控制,鼻中呼出的气息吹到了婴儿囟门,或者是洗浴用水温度低,冷气不通风,风邪所致,从而导致婴儿鼻塞。
The ear is the external manifestation of the Kidney. When a child's Kidney Qi is substantial, heat rushes upward to the ear, causing body fluids to stagnate and accumulate, resulting in thick pus or clear fluid; this is the cause of otorrhea (ear discharge). There are also cases where water enters the ear during bathing, moisture lingers, interacts with Blood and Qi, generates heat, and also leads to purulent discharge from the ear. If not cured for a long time, it may develop into deafness; Longgu San (Dragon Bone Powder) should be used as the primary treatment. Furthermore, Tang Shi stated there are five types of "Ting Er" (stagnant ear) syndromes: Ting Er is characterized by frequent yellow pus discharge; Nong Er (Pus Ear) is characterized by frequent red pus discharge; Chan Er (Entangled Ear) is characterized by frequent white pus discharge; Wu Er (Five Ears) presents with foul odor resembling gangrene inside the ear; Zhen Er (Vibrating Ear) presents with empty ringing in the ear and intermittent green pus discharge. Although these five conditions present differently, their source is identical: they all result from water entering the ear combined with accumulated heat obstructing upward. If not treated early, it will eventually lead to deafness. Yanzhi Gao (Carmine Ointment) is suitable for treatment, along with administering detoxifying and antipyretic agents, which will lead to recovery.
Qian Yi said: Redness inside the eyes indicates accumulated heat in the Heart attacking upward; Daochi San (Guiding Out Redness Decoction) should be used. Pale yellow color indicates deficient Heat in the Heart; Shengxi San (Fresh Rhinoceros Horn Powder) should be used. Greenish hue indicates Liver Heat; Xiegan Wan (Drain the Liver Pill) should be used. Yellow color indicates Spleen Heat; Xiehuang San (Drain the Yellow Powder) should be used. Blurred vision without swelling, pain, redness, or pterygium, or seeing black spots and lacking luster in the eyes, indicates deficiency of both the Liver and Kidney. Cool-natured medicines should not be administered immediately; Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill) should be used. If varicella lesions invade the eyes, Jueming San (Cassia Seed Powder) or Mimenghua San (Blossom of Calycophyllum Powder) should be used. For newborns whose eyes remain closed, this is caused by the mother consuming hot or toxic foods during pregnancy. The treatment involves washing the eyes with steam-distilled water containing a small amount of Bear Bile (Xiong Dan), seven times a day. If the eyes do not open after three days, Shengdihuang Tang (Fresh Rehmannia Root Decoction) should be taken orally, and the nursing mother should consume Shan Yinchen Tang (Mountain Artemisia Decoction). All newborns must be cleaned thoroughly; if not cleaned properly, impure fluids will soak into the eyes, causing redness and ulceration that persists for a long time. Maternal consumption of hot foods or drugs is termed "Tai Chi" (Fetal Redness). Additionally, difficult labor can cause stagnant fetal Qi and slow movement, leading to blood pressure on the infant's head, causing blood to splash and seep downward. Severe cases involve blood flooding the eyes, obscuring the pupil; mild cases involve swelling and redness of the eyelids and marginal ulceration. Administering cool-natured medicines will inevitably chill the Zang-Fu organs; Shengdihuang Tang should be used instead.
Koumi (Mouth Ulcer/Mucositis) results from Heat transferring from the Bladder to the Small Intestine, causing obstruction in the diaphragm and intestines, with Heat rising to form mouth ulcers. Stagnation in the Heart and Stomach prevents food and water from descending into the Small Intestine. Daochi San is used to clear Heat from the Small Intestine, and Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) is used to drain Heat from the Bladder; therefore, Daochi San combined with Wuling San is used. Egukou (Goat Mouth/Thrush) refers to white patches covering the tongue in newborns, resembling a goat's mouth, hence the name. This is due to Fetal Heat being most prevalent in the Heart and Spleen, manifesting severely in the mouth. Wrap cotton around a finger, dip it in natural Mint Juice (Bohe Ziran Zhi), and wipe the inside of the mouth. If the patches do not detach, wipe with concentrated cooked millet juice, then apply Huangdan (Lead Oxide, processed to remove toxicity) to the affected area. Kou Chuang (Mouth Sores) occurs because infants are overdressed/warmed excessively, causing accumulated Heat in the Heart to steam upward. Nanxing Mo (Arisaema Powder) mixed with vinegar should be applied to the soles of the feet. The nursing mother should take Xixin San (Cleanse the Heart Powder), primarily using Xixin Tang (Drain the Heart Decoction). Zhu Danxi stated: A child suffered from mouth sores and could not eat. Others treated it as Huhuo Disease (Fox Infestation Syndrome), which would certainly lead to death. Instead, soaking the feet in Fan Tang (Alum Water) for half a day provided immediate relief. Then, Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark, honey-fried) and Jiangcan (Silkworm, stir-fried) were ground into powder and applied to the site, leading to immediate recovery and safe breastfeeding.
The nose is the orifice of the Lung. Obstruction arises when diseases affect the Heart and Lung located above. Cold and Heat indicate that pathogenic factors have damaged the skin and hair, causing Qi mechanism dysfunction and obstruction of the clear pathways. Thus, nasal congestion in children occurs because Lung Qi connects to the nose. Since Qi is Yang, if it is stagnated by Wind-Cold, the nostrils open, resulting in congestion. Cold Qi fails to retain body fluids, leading to excessive runny nose. If Cold Qi lingers, purulent mucus accumulates, causing anosmia (loss of smell); this is Bi Yuan (Nasal Sinusitis). If accompanied by Heat, the nose becomes dry, hindering feeding. Furthermore, a child's innate constitution and fetal Qi are substantial. The Three Passages, Nine Orifices, Five Zang, and Six Fu organs communicate internally and externally, breathe up and down, and circulate through the hundred vessels. When Zheng Qi (Upright Qi) is smooth and the San Jiao (Triple Burner) is unobstructed, it is due to the natural Qi coordinating with Yuan Ming (Original Life). However, newborns at three days, five days, six mornings, or one month old may suddenly experience nasal congestion, inability to open the mouth to suckle, and breathing difficulties. This is often caused by the nursing mother exhaling breath onto the infant's fontanelle while sleeping unaware, or by using cold water for bathing without adequate ventilation, allowing Wind-Cold pathogens to enter and cause nasal congestion.