诸喘皆属于火，肺者藏之长也，为心华盖，心火炎上，则肺焦叶举，气逆不利而喘也，有因风寒而喘者，有
因伤食而喘者，惟疮疹之喘，独属于火，若加泄利腹胀烦躁，则不可治。如初发热便喘者，前胡枳壳汤主之，
大便秘者可用，服此不止，以葶苈丸治之。如喘而大便自利者，黄芩汤（痘腹痛）加五味子、人参主之。痘出
后喘急痰盛，宜杏甘汤、人参清膈散（咳嗽）。痘疮已出未靥之间喘渴，白术散（渴）甚者木香散（审系虚寒之证，方
可用之）。如疮正盛，忽然喘急者，此恶候也，当详审之，如因伤食，谷气蒸而为热，上秉于肺作喘者，宜利之，
丁香脾积丸（伤食）主之，食去热除，喘自定也。如因感冒风寒而喘者，麻黄汤主之。如泄泻内虚腹胀而喘者，陈氏木
香
散（泻）主之，利止喘定者生，滑利不禁，喘满增盛者，此气脱候也。收靥后，腹胀喘渴，大
便利，小便涩，葶苈木香散。喘而嗽，五味子汤。喘渴，靥后余毒不除，大便坚
实，前胡枳壳散。
钱氏法，喘而腹满，大小便涩者利小便，不瘥者，宣风散（痘发热）下之。海藏法，疮疹肺不利，紫草甘草枳壳
汤。陈氏法，痘出之间或气促者，木香散主之。薛氏法，脾肺虚弱，白术散（渴）。脾肺虚寒，木香散（痘泻）。热
毒内蕴，紫草甘草枳壳汤。风邪外感，参苏饮（初热）。内外壅滞，人参清膈散（痘嗽）。大便自利，小便涩滞，葶
苈木香散。大便坚实，前胡枳壳散。
杏甘汤 治疮痘烦喘渴躁。
麻黄 桑白皮 杏仁 甘草
上等分，为粗末。每服三钱，水一盏煎，食后服。
麻黄汤
麻黄 杏仁 甘草（各等分） 石膏（倍用）
上锉细。加腊茶叶一钱，水一盏，煎七分，去滓服，无时。一方，无石膏，有桑白皮。
前胡枳壳汤 治痰实壮热，胸中壅闷，卧则喘急。
前胡 枳壳 赤茯苓 甘草（炙，各五钱） 大黄（量儿加减）
上 咀。每服三钱，水一盏，煎六分，旋服。
葶苈丸
甜葶苈 黑牵牛（炒） 杏仁（另研） 汉防己（各一两）
上为末，入杏膏，取蒸陈枣肉和捣为丸，如麻子大。每服五丸至七丸，淡生姜汤下。
葶苈木香散 治大便自利，小便涩滞，喘嗽，腹胀不能食，宜多服为妙。
猪苓 泽泻 茯苓 白术 官桂 葶苈 木通 木香 甘草（各半钱） 滑石（二钱）
上锉散。水一盏，煎半盏，空肚温服。忌油腻。分为二服。
紫草甘草枳壳汤
紫草 甘草 枳壳（各等分）
上，每服一二钱，水煎。
葛根黄芩汤 治喘有汗，发热咳嗽。
干葛 黄芩（各二钱） 黄连 芍药 石膏（各一钱） 五味子（十一粒） 甘草（五分）
水煎服。
五味子汤 治喘促而厥。
五味子（一钱半） 人参（一钱） 麦门冬 杏仁（各二钱）
上，姜三片，枣三枚，水煎服。
六味凉血消毒散
犀角（如无，用升麻） 牡丹皮 当归 生地黄 赤芍药 生甘草（各等分）
上，每服三五钱，水煎。
各种气喘都归属于火证。肺是五脏中位置最高的脏器，如同心的华盖（保护心脏的伞盖）。如果心火炎上，就会导致肺叶焦枯、向上举起，气机逆乱不通畅从而引发气喘。有的气喘是因为风寒引起的，有的气喘是因为饮食积滞引起的。只有疮疹（痘疮）引起的气喘，才单独归属于火证。如果在气喘的同时伴有腹泻、腹胀和烦躁不安，则属于难治之症。
如果是刚出现发热就气喘的，以前胡枳壳汤为主方治疗；如果大便秘结也可以使用此方。服用此方后气喘不止的，改用葶苈丸治疗。如果气喘且大便自行泄泻的，用黄芩汤（适用于痘疮腹痛者）加五味子、人参为主方治疗。痘疮发出之后，出现气喘急促、痰多壅盛的情况，宜用杏甘汤或人参清膈散（适用于咳嗽者）。痘疮已经发出但尚未结痂期间，出现气喘口渴的症状，用白术散（适用于口渴者）；症状严重的用木香散（需仔细审察确属虚寒证候方可使用）。如果痘疮正处于旺盛期，突然发生气喘急促，这是恶候，应当详细审查病因。如果是因饮食积滞，谷气蒸腾化为热邪，上熏于肺导致气喘的，适宜采用通利法，以丁香脾积丸（适用于伤食者）为主方治疗；食积去除、热邪消除后，气喘自然平息。如果是因感受风寒而气喘的，用麻黄汤为主方治疗。如果是因腹泻、体内虚弱、腹胀而气喘的，用陈氏木香散（适用于腹泻者）为主方治疗；若腹泻停止、气喘平息则有生机；若滑泄不禁、气喘胀满加剧，这是气脱的危候。痘疮收靥（结痂脱落）后，出现腹胀、气喘、口渴，大便通畅但小便涩滞不畅，用葶苈木香散。气喘兼有咳嗽的，用五味子汤。气喘伴口渴，且收靥后余毒未除、大便干结的，用前胡枳壳散。
钱乙的方法：气喘且腹部胀满，大小便涩滞不通的，先利小便；若不痊愈，再用宣风散（适用于痘疮发热者）攻下。张元素（海藏）的方法：疮疹导致肺气不利，用紫草甘草枳壳汤。陈氏的方法：痘疮发出过程中出现气促的，用木香散为主方。薛己的方法：脾肺虚弱，用白术散（适用于口渴者）。脾肺虚寒，用木香散（适用于痘疮腹泻者）。热毒内蕴，用紫草甘草枳壳汤。外感风邪，用参苏饮（适用于初起发热者）。内外壅滞，用人参清膈散（适用于痘疮咳嗽者）。大便自行泄泻，小便涩滞，用葶苈木香散。大便干结坚硬，用前胡枳壳散。
杏甘汤：治疗疮痘烦闷气喘、口渴躁动。
组成：麻黄、桑白皮、杏仁、甘草。
制法与用法：以上药材等分，研为粗末。每次服用三钱，加水一盏煎煮，饭后服用。
麻黄汤：
组成：麻黄、杏仁、甘草（各等分），石膏（用量加倍）。
制法与用法：切碎细。加入腊茶叶一钱，加水一盏，煎至七分，去渣服用，不拘时候。另一版本方剂，无石膏，有桑白皮。
前胡枳壳汤：治疗痰实壮热，胸中壅闷，卧位时气喘急促。
组成：前胡、枳壳、赤茯苓、甘草（炙，各五钱），大黄（根据儿童年龄加减剂量）。
制法与用法：切碎。每次服用三钱，加水一盏，煎至六分，随时服用。
葶苈丸：
组成：甜葶苈、黑牵牛（炒）、杏仁（另研）、汉防己（各一两）。
制法与用法：以上研为末，加入杏膏，取蒸熟的老枣肉调和捣烂制成丸药，如麻子大小。每次服用五丸至七丸，用淡生姜汤送服。
葶苈木香散：治疗大便自行泄泻，小便涩滞，气喘咳嗽，腹胀不能进食，宜多服用效果更佳。
组成：猪苓、泽泻、茯苓、白术、官桂、葶苈、木通、木香、甘草（各半钱），滑石（二钱）。
制法与用法：切碎成散剂。加水一盏，煎至半盏，空腹温服。忌食油腻食物。分为两次服用。
紫草甘草枳壳汤：
组成：紫草、甘草、枳壳（各等分）。
制法与用法：以上药材，每次服用一二钱，加水煎煮。
葛根黄芩汤：治疗气喘有汗，发热咳嗽。
组成：干葛、黄芩（各二钱），黄连、芍药、石膏（各一钱），五味子（十一粒），甘草（五分）。
制法与用法：加水煎煮服用。
五味子汤：治疗气喘急促且四肢厥冷。
组成：五味子（一钱半），人参（一钱），麦门冬、杏仁（各二钱）。
制法与用法：以上药材，加生姜三片，大枣三枚，加水煎煮服用。
六味凉血消毒散：
组成：犀角（如无犀角，可用升麻代替）、牡丹皮、当归、生地黄、赤芍药、生甘草（各等分）。
制法与用法：以上药材，每次服用三五钱，加水煎煮。
All types of wheezing (asthma) are attributed to Fire. The Lung is the highest organ among the five zang organs, acting as the canopy (Huagai) for the Heart. If Heart Fire flares upward, it causes the lung leaves to become scorched and rise, leading to rebellious Qi and obstruction, resulting in wheezing. Some cases of wheezing are caused by Wind-Cold, while others are caused by food stagnation. However, wheezing caused by eruptive diseases (such as smallpox or chickenpox) is uniquely attributed to Fire. If this is accompanied by diarrhea, abdominal distension, and irritability, it becomes incurable.
If wheezing occurs immediately upon the onset of fever, Qianhu Zhike Tang (Peucedanum and Aurantium Decoction) is the primary formula; it can also be used if there is constipation. If wheezing persists after taking this formula, Tingli Wan (Descurainia Pill) should be used. If wheezing is accompanied by spontaneous diarrhea, Huangqin Tang (Scutellaria Decoction, indicated for abdominal pain in eruptions) combined with Wuweizi (Schisandra) and Renshen (Ginseng) is the primary formula. After the eruption appears, if there is urgent wheezing and profuse phlegm, Xinggan Tang (Apricot Kernel and Licorice Decoction) or Ren Shen Qingge San (Ginseng Clear Diaphragm Powder, indicated for cough) should be used. If wheezing and thirst occur between the appearance of the eruption and its crusting, Baizhu San (Atractylodes Macrocephala Powder, indicated for thirst) is used; for severe cases, Muxiang San (Costus Root Powder) is used (only after carefully confirming a deficiency-cold pattern). If the eruption is at its peak and sudden urgent wheezing occurs, this is an ominous sign requiring detailed examination. If the cause is food stagnation, where grain qi steams into heat and harasses the Lung causing wheezing, purgation is appropriate, using Dingxiang Pi Ji Wan (Clove Spleen Accumulation Pill, indicated for food stagnation); once the food stagnation is removed and heat eliminated, the wheezing will settle. If the wheezing is due to contracting Wind-Cold, Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) is used. If the wheezing is due to diarrhea, internal deficiency, and abdominal distension, Chen's Muxiang San (Costus Root Powder, indicated for diarrhea) is used. If diarrhea stops and wheezing settles, life can be saved; if there is incontinence of stool and worsening wheezing and fullness, this indicates Qi collapse.
After the crusts fall off, if there is abdominal distension, wheezing, thirst, free bowel movements, but scanty or difficult urination, Tingli Muxiang San (Descurainia and Costus Root Powder) is used. For wheezing with cough, Wuweizi Tang (Schisandra Decoction) is used. For wheezing and thirst after crusting, with residual toxins not cleared and hard stools, Qianhu Zhike San (Peucedanum and Aurantium Powder) is used.
Qian Yi's method: For wheezing with abdominal fullness and obstructed urination and defecation, promote urination first; if ineffective, use Xuanfeng San (Dispel Wind Powder, indicated for fever in eruptions) to purge. Zhang Yuansu's (Haizang) method: For eruptions causing Lung Qi obstruction, use Zicao Gancao Zhike Tang (Arnebia, Licorice, and Aurantium Decoction). Chen's method: For shortness of breath during the eruption phase, use Muxiang San. Xue Ji's method: For Spleen and Lung deficiency, use Baizhu San (indicated for thirst). For Spleen and Lung deficiency-cold, use Muxiang San (indicated for diarrheal eruptions). For internal accumulation of Heat-Toxin, use Zicao Gancao Zhike Tang. For external contraction of Wind-Evil, use Shen Su Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Drink, indicated for initial fever). For internal and external stagnation, use Ren Shen Qingge San (indicated for eruptive cough). For spontaneous diarrhea and obstructed urination, use Tingli Muxiang San. For hard stools, use Qianhu Zhike San.
Xinggan Tang: Treats irritability, wheezing, thirst, and restlessness in eruptions.
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Morus Cortex (Sangbaipi), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao).
Preparation and Administration: Equal parts, ground into coarse powder. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in one sheng of water, take after meals.
Mahuang Tang:
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (equal parts), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) (double dose).
Preparation and Administration: Cut finely. Add 1 qian of aged tea leaves, decoct in one sheng of water until reduced to 0.7 sheng, strain and take at any time. Another version has no Shigao but includes Morus Cortex (Sangbaipi).
Qianhu Zhike Tang: Treats phlegm-stagnation with high fever, chest oppression, and urgent wheezing when lying down.
Ingredients: Peucedani Radix (Qianhu), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike), Poria (Fuling, red variety), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried) (each 5 qian), Rheum Palmatum (Dahuang) (dose adjusted for child's age).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into pieces. Take 3 qian per dose, decoct in one sheng of water until reduced to 0.6 sheng, take frequently.
Tingli Wan:
Ingredients: Descurainiae Semen (Tingli, sweet), Phaseoli Volubilis Semen (Qianniu, black, stir-fried), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren, separately ground), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (Hanfangji) (each 1 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into powder, mix with Apricot Kernel paste, and knead with flesh of steamed old dates into pills the size of hemp seeds. Take 5-7 pills per dose, wash down with light ginger soup.
Tingli Muxiang San: Treats spontaneous diarrhea, obstructed urination, wheezing and cough, abdominal distension, and inability to eat. It is best taken in larger quantities.
Ingredients: Polypori Umbellati (Zhuling), Alismatis Rhizoma (Zexie), Poria (Fuling), Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guangui), Descurainiae Semen (Tingli), Akebiae Caulis (Mutong), Aucklandiae Radix (Muxiang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (each 0.5 qian), Talcum (Huashi) (2 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Cut into fragments and make into powder. Decoct in one sheng of water until reduced to half a sheng, take warm on an empty stomach. Avoid greasy food. Divide into two doses.
Zicao Gancao Zhike Tang:
Ingredients: Arnebiae Radix seu Rhizoma (Zicao), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike) (equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Take 1-2 qian per dose, decoct in water.
Gegen Huangqin Tang: Treats wheezing with sweating, fever, and cough.
Ingredients: Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) (each 2 qian), Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) (each 1 qian), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) (11 grains), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (0.5 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct in water and take.
Wuweizi Tang: Treats urgent wheezing with cold limbs.
Ingredients: Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) (1.5 qian), Ginseng Radix (Renshen) (1 qian), Ophiopogonis Tuber (Maidong), Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren) (each 2 qian).
Preparation and Administration: Add three slices of fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) and three Jujubes (Dazao), decoct in water and take.
Liupei Liangxue Xiaodu San:
Ingredients: Rhinocerotis Cornu (Xijiao; substitute with Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma) if unavailable), Paeoniae Moutan Cortex (Mudanpi), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Shengdihuang), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishaoyao), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Shenggancao) (equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Take 3-5 qian per dose, decoct in water.