危亦林曰。睡中惊啼声浮者易治。声沉不响者难痊。或声如鸦中弹者不治。
李 曰。声轻者。气也。弱也。重浊者。痛也。风也。高喊者。热欲狂也。声急者。神惊也。声塞者。痰也。声战
者。寒也。声噎者。气不顺也。喘者。气促也。喷嚏者。伤风也。惊哭身沉不响者。重也。声浊沉静者。疳积也。如生
来不大啼哭。声啾唧者。必夭也。火之大发。忽狂惊叫。乃火盛气虚。必死。夜半发者。多有口疮。宜看之。直声往来
而无泪者。痛也。连声不绝而多泪者。惊也。HT 煎声烦躁者。难愈。躁促声音者。感寒也。
李仲南曰。小儿有疾。既见于色。必应于声。其声不一。必细审之。有重实声者。歌曰。重实声雄体热为。三焦气
壅在心脾。伤风咳嗽咽喉痛。结涩肠中粪出迟。有悲焦声者。歌曰。声悲焦有燥。恐怖欲生风。重浊声沉静。疳攻必耳
聋。有啼哭声者。歌曰。但哭无啼只有惊。多啼不哭痛分明。声轻颤嘎风痫病。速缓声频吐泻成。有HT 煎声者。
歌曰。HT 煎烦躁病难安。躁促声音为感寒。语短气微尿主涩。长迟声细痢多般。有迟缓声者。歌曰。促短声迟缓。肠
鸣泄泻频。嘎声多不响。风热肺虚因。
钱乙曰。候儿脉。当以大指按三部。一息六七至为平和。八九至为发热。五至为内寒。诀曰。小儿脉紧风痫候。沉
缓食伤多呕吐。弦急因知气不和。急促急惊神不守。冷则沉细风则浮。牢实大便应秘久。腹痛之候紧而弦。脉乱不治安
可救。变蒸之时脉必乱。不治自然无过谬。单细疳痨洪有虫。大小不匀为恶候。脉沉而迟有潮热。此必胃寒来内寇。泻
痢脉大不可医。仔细酌量宜审究。
王肯堂曰。张云岐云。未及五岁不能视听者。不可别脉。五岁以上。方可以脉别浮沉迟数。按前钱氏论。则不拘五
岁上下也。水镜诀又云。三岁以内看虎口三关。若三岁以下。更用一指按高骨。乃分三关。定其息数。呼吸八至为平脉。
九至不安。十至危困。四岁以下。用一指衮转寻三部。以关为准。七八岁移指少许。九岁次第根据三关部取。十一二岁后。
根据大方脉部位诊视。按此又与前二说不同。医者临时参酌用之可耳。
危亦林说：小儿在睡梦中惊哭，声音轻浮的容易治疗；声音低沉不响亮的难以痊愈；如果哭声像乌鸦中箭一样嘶哑凄厉的，属于不治之症。
李氏说：声音轻弱的，是气虚的表现；声音重浊的，是疼痛或风邪所致；高声喊叫的，是热盛欲发狂的表现；声音急促的，是神志受惊的表现；声音窒塞的，是有痰湿阻滞；声音颤抖的，是寒邪所致；声音哽咽的，是气机不畅；喘息的，是气促；打喷嚏的，是伤风所致；惊恐哭泣且身体沉重、声音不响亮的，病情较重；声音浑浊沉静的，是疳积病；如果出生后从不大声啼哭，声音细碎微弱的，必定夭折；火邪大发，突然疯狂惊叫的，是火盛气虚，必定死亡；半夜发病的，多伴有口疮，应当仔细查看；直声往来而没有眼泪的，是疼痛；连续不断啼哭且多流泪的，是受惊；烦躁不安、声音嘈杂的，难以治愈；躁动急促、声音异常的，是感受寒邪所致。
李仲南说：小儿患病，既然表现在面色上，必然也反映在声音上。其声音各不相同，必须仔细审察。有重实之声的，歌诀说：“重实声雄体热为，三焦气壅在心脾。伤风咳嗽咽喉痛，结涩肠中粪出迟。”有悲焦之声的，歌诀说：“声悲焦有燥，恐怖欲生风。重浊声沉静，疳攻必耳聋。”有啼哭之声的，歌诀说：“但哭无啼只有惊，多啼不哭痛分明。声轻颤嘎风痫病，速缓声频吐泻成。”有烦躁之声的（原文“HT 煎”疑为“烦躁”或特定术语，此处依上下文译为烦躁），歌诀说：“烦躁烦躁病难安，躁促声音为感寒。语短气微尿主涩，长迟声细痢多般。”有迟缓之声的，歌诀说：“促短声迟缓，肠鸣泄泻频。嘎声多不响，风热肺虚因。”
钱乙说：诊察小儿脉象，应用大拇指按寸、关、尺三部。一呼一吸间脉搏跳动六七次为平和脉；八九次为发热脉；五次为内寒脉。诀要说：“小儿脉紧风痫候，沉缓食伤多呕吐。弦急因知气不和，急促急惊神不守。冷则沉细风则浮，牢实大便应秘久。腹痛之候紧而弦，脉乱不治安可救。变蒸之时脉必乱，不治自然无过谬。单细疳痨洪有虫，大小不匀为恶候。脉沉而迟有潮热，此必胃寒来内寇。泻痢脉大不可医，仔细酌量宜审究。”
王肯堂说：张云岐认为：未满五岁不能视听的小儿，无法辨别脉象；五岁以上，才可以凭脉象辨别浮、沉、迟、数。参照前文钱乙的论述，则不拘泥于五岁上下之分。《水镜诀》又说：三岁以内观察虎口三关；若在三岁以下，更用一指按压高骨，以此区分三关，定其呼吸次数，呼吸八至为平脉，九至为不安，十至为危困。四岁以下，用一指滚动寻按三部，以关部为准；七八岁时移指少许；九岁时依次根据三关部位取脉；十一二岁以后，按照成人脉法部位诊视。按此说法又与前两种说法不同，医生临证时参考斟酌使用即可。
Wei Yilin stated: If a child cries in fright during sleep with a floating (light and superficial) voice, it is easy to treat. If the voice is deep and dull, it is difficult to cure. If the voice resembles that of a crow struck by an arrow (hoarse and shrill), it is incurable.
Li said: A light voice indicates Qi deficiency. A heavy and turbid voice indicates pain or Wind pathogen. Loud shouting indicates Heat excess approaching mania. An urgent voice indicates Shock to the Shen (Spirit). A blocked voice indicates Phlegm obstruction. A trembling voice indicates Cold. A choked voice indicates stagnant Qi. Panting indicates rapid breathing. Sneezing indicates injury by Wind. Crying in fright with a heavy body and dull voice indicates severe condition. A turbid and quiet voice indicates Gan accumulation (malnutrition syndrome). If a newborn does not cry loudly but makes a squeaking sound, death is inevitable. Sudden manic screaming due to excessive Fire indicates Fire excess with Qi deficiency, leading to death. Onset at midnight often involves mouth ulcers; one should examine carefully. Direct sounds without tears indicate pain. Continuous crying with many tears indicates fright. Irritable and noisy voices are difficult to heal. Restless and rapid voices indicate invasion by Cold.
Li Zhongnan said: When children are ill, symptoms manifest in the complexion and must correspond in the voice. The voices vary and must be examined carefully. There is the "heavy and solid" voice. The song states: "Heavy and solid voice, vigorous body heat, San Jiao Qi stagnation in Heart and Spleen. Wind-cold cough, sore throat, constipation with delayed stool passage." There is the "sad and scorched" voice. The song states: "Sad and scorched voice implies dryness, terror may generate Wind. Heavy and turbid quiet voice, Gan attack leads to deafness." There is the "crying and wailing" voice. The song states: "Only crying without wailing indicates fright; much wailing without crying indicates clear pain. Light, trembling, hoarse voice indicates Wind epilepsy; fast or slow frequent voices indicate vomiting and diarrhea." There is the "irritable" voice. The song states: "Irritability makes the illness hard to settle; restless and rapid voices indicate Cold invasion. Short speech and faint Qi with astringent urine; long, slow, thin voices indicate various types of dysentery." There is the "slow and sluggish" voice. The song states: "Rapid and short versus slow and sluggish; intestinal rumbling and frequent diarrhea. Hoarse voices mostly lack resonance, caused by Wind-Heat and Lung deficiency."
Qian Yi said: To inspect a child's pulse, use the thumb to press the Cun, Guan, and Chi positions. Six or seven beats per respiration cycle indicate a harmonious pulse; eight or nine beats indicate fever; five beats indicate internal Cold. The rhyme states: "Tight pulse in children suggests Wind-Epilepsy; deep and slow pulse suggests food injury with much vomiting. Wiry and urgent pulse indicates Qi disharmony; rapid and urgent pulse suggests acute fright with unsettled Shen. Cold presents as deep and fine; Wind presents as floating. Firm and solid pulse indicates chronic constipation. Abdominal pain presents as tight and wiry; chaotic pulse is untreatable. During Bian Zheng (physiological growth changes), the pulse must be chaotic; no treatment is needed to avoid error. Thin and fine pulse suggests Gan consumption; surging pulse suggests parasites. Unequal size indicates a malignant prognosis. Deep and slow pulse with tidal fever indicates internal invasion by Stomach Cold. Large pulse in diarrhea and dysentery is untreatable; careful consideration is required."
Wang Kentang said: Zhang Yunqi claimed: For children under five who cannot see or hear well, the pulse cannot be differentiated. Only above five years old can the pulse be distinguished as floating, deep, slow, or rapid. Referring to Qian's previous discussion, this is not strictly limited to age five. The *Shui Jing Jue* (Water Mirror Rhyme) also states: For children under three, observe the Three Passes on the Tiger's Mouth. For those under three, use one finger to press the high bone to divide the Three Passes and determine breath count. Eight breaths per pulse beat is a normal pulse; nine breaths indicate unease; ten breaths indicate critical danger. For children under four, roll one finger to seek the three positions, using the Guan position as the standard. At seven or eight years, shift the finger slightly; at nine years, sequentially follow the Three Passes positions. After eleven or twelve years, diagnose according to adult pulse positions. This view differs from the previous two; physicians should consult and apply these methods flexibly according to circumstances.