胃虚发吐，其候面白神疲，不热不渴，口气温和而带微冷，额前微汗。治宜助胃膏。
胃热发吐，面赤唇红，烦渴溺赤，口气蒸手。宜用熟石膏七分八分研细末，以茶送下。
胃气不和发吐，其候恶食，此由积滞在胃复为伤食，摇儿之头便嗳气。治用火酒曲一枚
，火煨黄色研细，白汤调下，用枳壳、木香、陈皮、半夏、香附服之。
有盛夏外感暑气吐者，宜六和汤。
有霍乱而吐者、吐不出者，手足厥冷，脐腹之上绞痛，名曰转筋火。治用滚水一碗，冷
水一碗相和，饮下即愈。
有内伤饮食、外感风邪而吐者，身热眼烧疲倦，治用藿香正气散。
有伤风嗽吐者，治用清金饮。
夏禹铸曰∶吐从面色辨之，不爽，泻更宜辨。所泻之色暴倾下迫属火，水液澄清属寒；
老黄色属心肺脾实热，宜清；淡黄色属虚热，宜补；青色属寒，宜温；淡白色属脾虚，宜补
；酱色属湿气，宜苍术燥湿； 臭属伤食，宜消导二陈汤。
脾虚作泻，泻下白色，或谷食不化，或水液澄清，其候面白神疲，唇口惨淡，舌白，口
气温冷，治宜理中汤加附子，或六君子汤。
脾热作泻，泻时暴注下迫，便黄溺赤，口气蒸手，烦渴少食，治宜五苓散加山栀仁。
有气虚下陷泻者，宜补中益气汤，其候与脾虚差同。
有伤食兼滞泻者，其候嗳 气，吞酸胀满，一痛则泻，一泻痛减，治宜用大腹皮、神曲
、麦芽、山楂、白术、木香、槟榔。如食已消，痛已止而泻不止者，乃脾失清升之气，宜补
中益气汤。若食消而腹犹痛，乃脾痛也，宜小异功散。
有肝泻者，泻青稠粘，乃肝木乘脾。治宜麦冬、桔梗、白术、白茯、人参、木香、酸枣
仁、甘草。
先泻数日已止，又泻随发惊，此症多不可治。盖泻而又泻，脾败之极，加之外邪由肺克
肝，肝又动风克脾，脾败将死，不受肝克，故肝风烈极毫无泄处，如祛风解热，元气将尽，
将谓疗惊不能救脾，将谓救脾惊不能止，无法可治。
胃气虚弱引起的呕吐，其表现为面色苍白、精神疲乏，无发热口渴，口气温和且略带微冷，额头微微出汗。治疗适宜使用助胃膏。
胃热引起的呕吐，表现为面红唇赤，烦躁口渴、小便短赤，口气热气蒸手。适宜用熟石膏七分至八分研成细末，以茶水送服。
胃气不和引起的呕吐，其表现为厌恶食物，这是由于食积停滞在胃中又因饮食不当所致，摇动婴儿头部时会出现嗳气。治疗用火酒曲一枚，经火煨至黄色后研成细末，用白开水调服，并配合枳壳、木香、陈皮、半夏、香附服用。
有霍乱引起呕吐的，或想吐却吐不出来的，手足厥冷，肚脐腹部绞痛，名为“转筋火”。治疗用滚水一碗与冷水一碗混合，饮下即可痊愈。
有内伤饮食、外感风邪而呕吐的，表现为身体发热、眼睛红肿、疲倦，治疗使用藿香正气散。
有伤风咳嗽伴随呕吐的，治疗使用清金饮。
夏禹铸说：呕吐可以根据面色来辨别，并不失误；腹泻更应当辨别。泻下物颜色暴烈倾泻急迫属于火证，水液清澈透明属于寒证；老黄色属于心肺脾实热，适宜清热；淡黄色属于虚热，适宜补益；青色属于寒证，适宜温里；淡白色属于脾虚，适宜补益；酱色属于湿气，适宜用苍术燥湿；气味臭秽属于伤食，适宜用消导法及二陈汤。
脾气虚弱导致的腹泻，泻下物呈白色，或者谷食不消化，或者水液清澈透明，其表现为面色苍白、精神疲乏，嘴唇口唇颜色惨淡，舌苔白，口中气息发冷，治疗适宜使用理中汤加附子，或者六君子汤。
脾热导致的腹泻，泻下时急迫如水注，大便黄、小便赤，口气热气蒸手，烦躁口渴、食欲减退，治疗适宜使用五苓散加山栀仁。
有气虚下陷导致的腹泻，适宜使用补中益气汤，其表现与脾虚相似。
有伤食兼有积滞导致的腹泻，其表现为嗳气、吞酸、腹胀满，一疼痛就腹泻，一腹泻疼痛就减轻，治疗适宜使用大腹皮、神曲、麦芽、山楂、白术、木香、槟榔。如果食物已消化，疼痛已停止但腹泻仍不止，这是脾失去清阳上升之气，适宜使用补中益气汤。若食物已消化但腹部仍然疼痛，这是脾痛，适宜使用小异功散。
有肝木乘脾导致的腹泻（肝泻），泻下物青稠粘腻，这是肝木克制脾土。治疗适宜使用麦冬、桔梗、白术、白茯苓、人参、木香、酸枣仁、甘草。
先腹泻数日后停止，随后再次腹泻并发出惊悸，此症大多不可治愈。因为腹泻而又腹泻，是脾脏败坏到了极点，加上外邪由肺克制肝，肝又动风克制脾，脾脏败坏即将死亡，无法再受肝木克制，所以肝风猛烈至极无处发泄。如祛风解热，元气将尽，如果说治疗惊悸不能救脾，如果说救脾则惊悸不能止，没有办法可治。
Vomiting caused by Stomach Qi deficiency manifests as a pale complexion, mental fatigue, absence of fever and thirst, warm breath with a slight chill, and slight sweating on the forehead. Treatment is suitable with Zhugao Tang (Assist the Stomach Decoction).
Vomiting caused by Stomach heat manifests as a red face and lips, irritability, thirst, dark urine, and breath that feels hot to the touch. It is suitable to use 7-8 fen of Shu Shigao (Calcined Gypsum) ground into fine powder, taken down with tea water.
Vomiting caused by disharmony of Stomach Qi manifests as aversion to food; this arises from food stagnation in the Stomach compounded by dietary injury, where shaking the infant's head induces belching. Treatment involves using one piece of Huojiu Qu (Fire-Wine Qu), fire-roasted until yellow, ground into fine powder, mixed with plain boiled water for ingestion, accompanied by the administration of Zhike (Aurantii Fructus), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma), and Xiangfu (Cyperi Rhizoma).
For vomiting due to external contraction of summerheat qi in midsummer, Liuhe Tang (Six Harmonies Decoction) is suitable.
For vomiting associated with Huoluan (Cholera-like syndrome), or cases where vomiting cannot be expelled, manifesting with cold extremities and colicky pain above the umbilicus and abdomen, termed "Zhuanjin Huo" (Tendon-Joint Fire), treatment involves mixing one bowl of boiling water with one bowl of cold water, drinking which leads to immediate recovery.
For vomiting due to internal dietary injury and external contraction of wind pathogen, manifesting with body heat, burning eyes, and fatigue, Huoxiang Zhengqi San (Agastache Powder to Rectify the Qi) is used.
For vomiting accompanying cough due to wind injury, Qingjin Yin (Clear the Metal Drink) is used.
Xia Yuzhu stated: Vomiting can be distinguished by facial color without error; diarrhea requires even more careful differentiation. Diarrhea that is sudden, forceful, and urgent indicates Fire; clear watery stool indicates Cold. Old yellow stool indicates Excess Heat in the Heart, Lung, and Spleen, requiring clearing; pale yellow stool indicates Deficiency Heat, requiring tonification; green stool indicates Cold, requiring warming; pale white stool indicates Spleen Deficiency, requiring tonification; sauce-colored stool indicates Dampness, requiring drying dampness with Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma); foul odor indicates Food Injury, requiring digestion-promoting methods and Erchen Tang (Two Aged Substances Decoction).
Diarrhea caused by Spleen Qi deficiency presents with white stool, undigested food particles, or clear watery stool. Manifestations include pale complexion, mental fatigue, dull lips and mouth, white tongue coating, and cold breath. Treatment is suitable with Lizhong Tang (Regulate the Middle Decoction) added with Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata), or Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction).
Diarrhea caused by Spleen heat presents with sudden, urgent, watery diarrhea, yellow stool, dark urine, hot breath, irritability, thirst, and poor appetite. Treatment is suitable with Wuling San (Five Ingredient Powder) added with Shanzhiren (Gardeniae Semen).
Diarrhea caused by Qi deficiency sinking is treated with Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction); its manifestations are similar to Spleen Deficiency.
Diarrhea caused by food injury with stagnation manifests as belching, acid regurgitation, abdominal distension and fullness; pain precedes diarrhea, and relief follows defecation. Treatment uses Dafupi (Arecae Pericarpium), Shenqu (Massa Medicata Fermentata), Maiya (Hordei Fructus Germinatus), Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), and Binglang (Arecae Semen). If food has digested and pain has ceased but diarrhea persists, it indicates the Spleen has lost its clear ascending Qi, requiring Buzhong Yiqi Tang. If food has digested but abdominal pain remains, it is Spleen pain, requiring Xiaoyigong San (Minor Extra Efficacy Powder).
Liver diarrhea (Gan Xie) presents with green, thick, sticky stool, indicating Liver Wood overacting on Spleen Earth. Treatment uses Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Baifu Ling (Poria), Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma), Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix), Suanzaoren (Ziziphi Spinosae Semen), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
If diarrhea stops after several days but recurs accompanied by fright, this condition is mostly incurable. This is because repeated diarrhea represents extreme failure of the Spleen. Additionally, external pathogens attack the Liver via the Lung (Metal controlling Wood), and the Liver generates Wind to attack the Spleen. With the Spleen failing towards death, it can no longer accept the Liver's attack, so the fierce Liver Wind has nowhere to vent. Whether treating wind and clearing heat, or if Yuan Qi is exhausted, claiming that treating fright cannot save the Spleen, or saving the Spleen cannot stop the fright, there is no method available for treatment.