夏禹铸曰∶烧热之因不一，不可概作风寒，今照症发明，人当探本。
肺部烧热有五
一、感冒。面色寒滞，两颊或似水红桃花，鼻流清涕，恶风痰壅，治宜芎苏饮以表之。
一、受暑。面色惨淡，唇口舌皆淡白色，四肢困倦，神气萎靡，自汗烦渴，或说诡话，宜
用清暑益气汤。
一、本脏发热。邻家有流行 痘者，不可误除。
一、本脏有虚。面色白，口气微，唇舌淡色，或发嗽热必轻微，治宜用五味子、麦冬、冬
花、白术、白茯、陈皮等味，服之自愈。
一、本脏有热而发烧热者，面色红燥，口中作渴，鼻门干燥，或大便秘结，治宜泻白散。
心经烧热有二。
一、 面红狂躁，唇舌色红紫，口气莽莽，小便赤，治用黄连、生地、木通、甘草、竹叶。
一、 舌白，口气微，小便清，惊悸，烧热微微，此虚烧也。治用茯神、远志、甘草。
脾家烧热有三。
一、实热。舌唇、牙床皆红燥，或破裂，或碎烂，或大便秘结，或泻黄，或口渴气莽，治
用石膏一钱，灶心土三钱，黄芩，甘草。
一、虚寒。脾本无寒，虚则生寒，面生惨淡，唇口淡白，微渴，口气微微带温冷，烧热势
微，治用六君子汤。气虚即脾虚，治法同。
一、实痰烧热。脾本有痰，因湿而动，或兼食伤面色黯晦，唇有晦色，喉内痰势响滑，治
宜六君子汤加藿香。
肝经烧热有一。
一、肝经烧热。面色青，目直视，或惊，或转筋，或两手寻衣捻物，或多怒，治用泻肝汤
，或天保采薇汤。
时毒烧热有一。
一、时毒烧热。或肿颈，或肿腮，或身有肿毒，或头疮，搽药疮愈，毒瓦斯归内，气喘，治
用天保采薇汤托解。疮复出，仍用天保采薇汤一、二剂，自愈。
血虚烧热有一。
一、血虚烧热。面无血气，下午至夜烧热加重，唇口白淡，大便常滞而不出，出则溏泻，
治用四物汤。
余会试都门，有粤东臬司张玉川乃嫒，年十三岁，身极瘦弱，每食只能一茶钟许，终日
微微烧热，下午加甚，都中医俱作童痨治，不效。延余一望，知为血虚。血虚必肠胃无滋，
以致窄狭，故不能多食。用四物汤加浓朴、橘红，服十剂，兼用熟大麦米为饭，半月愈。此
望色审窍而知血虚烧热之一验也。
夏禹铸说：发热的成因多种多样，不能一概当作风寒来治，现在根据症状进行阐明，人们应当探究其根本原因。
肺部的发热有五种情况：
第一是感冒。面色显得寒冷凝滞，两颊有时像水红的桃花色，流清鼻涕，怕风且痰多壅塞，治疗适宜用芎苏饮来解表。
第二是受暑。面色惨淡，嘴唇、口唇和舌头都呈淡白色，四肢困倦乏力，精神萎靡，自汗出且烦躁口渴，或者胡言乱语，适宜使用清暑益气汤。
第三是本脏（肺）自身发热。如果邻居家有流行性痘疹患者，不可误诊为其他病而延误。
第四是本脏有虚证。面色苍白，气息微弱，嘴唇和舌头颜色淡，或者出现咳嗽发热但程度轻微，治疗适宜用五味子、麦冬、冬花、白术、白茯苓、陈皮等药材，服用后自然痊愈。
第五是本脏有热而引发发烧的，面色红而干燥，口中作渴，鼻孔干燥，或者大便秘结，治疗适宜用泻白散。
心经的发热有二种情况：
第一种是面红狂躁，嘴唇和舌头颜色红紫，口气粗重，小便赤黄，治疗用黄连、生地、木通、甘草、竹叶。
第二种是舌苔白，口气微弱，小便清长，惊悸，发热轻微，这是虚热。治疗用茯神、远志、甘草。
脾家的发热有三种情况：
第一种是实热。舌头、嘴唇、牙床都红燥，或者破裂，或者溃烂，或者大便秘结，或者泻下黄色稀便，或者口渴气粗，治疗用石膏一钱，灶心土三钱，黄芩，甘草。
第二种是虚寒。脾本身没有寒邪，虚弱时才会产生寒象，面色惨淡，嘴唇和口唇淡白，微渴，口气微微带有温冷感，发热势头微弱，治疗用六君子汤。气虚即是脾虚，治疗方法相同。
第三种是实痰引起的发热。脾本有痰湿，因湿气而动，或者兼有饮食损伤导致面色黯晦，嘴唇有晦暗之色，喉内痰声响滑，治疗适宜用六君子汤加藿香。
肝经的发热有一种情况：
第一种是肝经发热。面色青，眼睛直视，或者惊恐，或者转筋（抽筋），或者两手摸衣捻物（循衣摸床），或者容易发怒，治疗用泻肝汤，或者天保采薇汤。
时毒引起的发热有一种情况：
第一种是时毒发热。或者颈部肿胀，或者腮部肿胀，或者身上有肿毒，或者头部长疮，外敷药使疮愈，但毒瓦斯归入体内，气喘，治疗用天保采薇汤托毒外出并解表。疮毒再次发出，仍用天保采薇汤一至二剂，自然痊愈。
血虚引起的发热有一种情况：
第一种是血虚发热。面色无血色，下午到夜间发热加重，嘴唇和口唇白淡，大便经常停滞排不出，排出则溏泻，治疗用四物汤。
我在京城参加会试时，遇到广东按察使张玉川的女儿，十三岁，身体极其瘦弱，每顿饭只能吃大约一杯茶量，整天微微发热，下午加重，当地中医都当作童痨（小儿结核病或慢性消耗性疾病）治疗，无效。请我去诊治，我观察后知道是血虚。血虚必然导致肠胃缺乏滋润，以致通道狭窄，所以不能多吃。我用四物汤加厚朴、橘红，服用十剂，同时用熟大麦米做饭，半个月痊愈。这是我通过望面色、审察孔窍而知晓血虚发热的一个验证案例。
Xia Yuzhu stated: The causes of fever (Fe Re) are diverse and cannot be generally treated as Wind-Cold (Feng Han). Now, expounding upon the symptoms, one must explore the root cause.
There are five types of Lung Heat Fever:
1. Cold Invasion (Gan Mao): The complexion appears cold and stagnant; the cheeks may resemble water-red peach blossoms; clear nasal discharge occurs; aversion to wind with phlegm obstruction. Treatment is suitable with Xiong Su Yin (Cnidium and Perilla Decoction) to release the exterior.
2. Summerheat Retention (Shou Shu): The complexion is pale and dull; lips, mouth, and tongue are pale white; limbs feel heavy and fatigued; spirit is listless; spontaneous sweating with irritability and thirst; or delirious speech. Treatment is suitable with Qingshu Yiqi Tang (Clear Summerheat and Boost Qi Decoction).
3. Intrinsic Organ Heat: If neighbors have an outbreak of smallpox/variolae, do not misdiagnose or delay treatment.
4. Intrinsic Organ Deficiency: The complexion is white; breath is faint; lips and tongue are pale; or cough with mild fever occurs. Treatment is suitable with Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus), Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix), Donghua (Chrysanthemi Flos), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma), Baifu Ling (Poria), and Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium); self-healing will follow administration.
5. Intrinsic Heat causing Fever: The complexion is red and dry; thirst in the mouth; dryness of the nostrils; or constipation. Treatment is suitable with Xiebai San (Drain White Powder).
There are two types of Heart Meridian Heat Fever:
1. Red face with mania/restlessness; lips and tongue are red-purple; coarse breath; reddish urine. Treatment uses Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma), Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix), Mutong (Akebiae Caulis), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), and Zhuye (Bambusae Folium).
2. White tongue coating; faint breath; clear urine; palpitations with fright; mild fever. This is Deficiency Heat. Treatment uses Fushen (Poria cum Radix), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
There are three types of Spleen Heat Fever:
1. Excess Heat: Tongue, lips, and gums are red and dry, or cracked, or ulcerated; or constipation; or yellow diarrhea; or thirst with coarse breath. Treatment uses Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum), Zaoxintu (Caulis Arundinis Praeparatus), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), and Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma).
2. Deficiency Cold: The Spleen itself has no cold; deficiency generates cold. The face is pale and dull; lips and mouth are pale white; slight thirst; breath feels slightly warm/cold; fever intensity is mild. Treatment uses Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction). Qi deficiency is equivalent to Spleen deficiency; the treatment method is the same.
3. Excess Phlegm Heat: The Spleen originally has phlegm, activated by dampness, or accompanied by food injury leading to a dark and dull complexion; lips have a dark hue; loud and slippery phlegm sounds in the throat. Treatment is suitable with Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) plus Huoxiang (Agastaches Herba).
There is one type of Liver Meridian Heat Fever:
1. Liver Meridian Heat: The complexion is green; eyes stare straight ahead; or fright; or tendon contraction (spasm); or picking at clothes and objects with hands (fumbling); or frequent anger. Treatment uses Xiegan Tang (Drain Liver Decoction) or Tianbao Caiwei Tang.
There is one type of Seasonal Toxin Heat Fever:
1. Seasonal Toxin Heat: Swelling of the neck, or swelling of the cheeks, or toxic swellings on the body, or head sores. After topical medication heals the sore, the toxin returns inward, causing asthma/wheezing. Treatment uses Tianbao Caiwei Tang to push out the toxin and resolve it. If the sore reappears, continue using Tianbao Caiwei Tang for one to two doses; self-healing will follow.
There is one type of Blood Deficiency Heat Fever:
1. Blood Deficiency Heat: Lack of blood color in the face; fever worsens from afternoon to night; lips and mouth are pale white; stool often stagnates and does not pass; if passed, it is loose/diarrhea. Treatment uses Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction).
When I participated in the metropolitan examination in the capital, I encountered the daughter of Zhang Yuchuan, Provincial Surveillance Commissioner of Guangdong. She was thirteen years old, extremely thin and weak, able to eat only about one teacup per meal. She had mild fever all day, worsening in the afternoon. Local physicians treated her as Child Tuberculosis (Tong Lao) without effect. I was invited to examine her and determined it was Blood Deficiency. Blood deficiency inevitably leads to lack of nourishment in the intestines and stomach, causing narrowing, thus inability to eat much. I used Siwu Tang (Four Substances Decoction) plus Houpo (Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex) and Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum), administered for ten doses, along with cooked barley rice as staple food. She recovered in half a month. This is a verified case of diagnosing Blood Deficiency Heat through observing complexion and examining orifices.