子日不针,未日不药。男忌除,女忌破。
夫天地之五行,配人身之五脏,身之五脏,合目之五经也。如两 属心,心属火,其色红也。黑珠属肝,肝
属木,其色青也。两睑属脾,脾属土,其色黄也。白珠属肺,肺属金,其色白也。瞳仁属肾,肾属水,其色黑也。
察其五色,观其五脏,五经配于五脏者也。察乎五行,推其生克,审其所感所因,用药医治,无有不愈。但人之
所禀有浓薄,病之所感有重轻。风寒暑湿,喜怒哀乐,无非有所因而发也。今以大概述之,因气感者,当蒙昧而
色浊;因血而感者,多羞涩而色淡。饮酒发者,色必盛而连珠带赤;好色而发者,红必鲜而睛光恍惚。痛极者热
而带虚,痒极者热而加风。如有两感,必至重犯。此皆初发之疾,大略如此。至于时作时止,日积月累。迁延岁
月,或成红障、白膜、雀目、青盲、痔蠹、 肉、漏突、顶睛、物伤、跌扑、痘疔、疖溃,千态万状,不能枚举。
但是睛珠无损,瞳仁不失,不过障翳侵掩,皆为可治之症。至于珠塌、睛悬、泪枯、瞳涸、旋螺纹点,黑白混杂,
此皆破坏之疾,不治之证也。有障翳贼翳,对视不见,必须斜眇。有干睛缩睛,目力难辨,必须借日。翳有坚浮
浓薄,不过
迟速,皆可去也。色有红蓝紫绿,不过传变,皆是火也。拳毛倒睫,肺与脾而相搏,风热有余,睑皮宽解,
痰与气而相搏,寒湿尤多。转睛斗睛,无非风热弥深。远视近视,当分阴阳偏胜,此皆目前所见,有所异常者,
不能细述。参其一定之规,用我活变之法,尽望闻问切之心,必得神圣工巧之验也。
子日不针,未日不药。男忌除,女忌破。
天地间的五行,对应人体的五脏,人体的五脏,又与眼睛的五条经络相合。如两目内眦属心,心属火,其色为红。黑珠属肝,肝属木,其色为青。两眼睑属脾,脾属土,其色为黄。白珠属肺,肺属金,其色为白。瞳仁属肾,肾属水,其色为黑。观察这五色,可以推知五脏的情况,这是五条经络配属五脏的道理。通过考察五行,推断其相生相克的关系,审察病因病机,用药治疗,没有不痊愈的。只是人的禀赋有厚薄之分,感受的病邪有轻重之别。风寒暑湿,喜怒哀乐,无不是有所因从而引发的。现在大概叙述一下:因气感而发病的,眼部多蒙昧而色泽浑浊;因血感而发病的,多羞涩而色泽淡白。饮酒后发作的,色泽必然旺盛且连珠带赤;房劳过度而发病的,红色必鲜艳且目光恍惚。痛极者,热盛而兼虚象;痒极者,热盛而兼风邪。如果气血同时受感,必定病情严重。这些都是初发的疾病,大略如此。至于时好时坏,日积月累,拖延岁月,或形成红障、白膜、雀目(夜盲症)、青盲(视神经萎缩等致盲眼病)、痔蠹(眼内寄生虫或类似病变)、肉(胬肉)、漏突(眼球突出)、顶睛(眼球上翻)、物伤(异物损伤)、跌扑(外伤)、痘疔、疖溃,千态万状,不能一一列举。只要睛珠(晶状体/眼球内部结构)无损,瞳仁不失,不过是障翳(角膜混浊)侵掩,都是可治之症。至于珠塌、睛悬、泪枯、瞳涸、旋螺纹点(角膜瘢痕或虹膜粘连),黑白混杂,这些都是破坏性的疾病,属于不治之证。有障翳贼翳遮挡视线,对视不见,必须斜视才能看见。有干睛缩睛,视力难以分辨,必须借助日光。翳有坚浮浓薄之分,不过治疗迟速不同,都可以去除。色有红蓝紫绿之别,不过是传变过程,都属于火证。拳毛倒睫(睫毛向内生长摩擦眼球),是肺与脾相搏结,风热有余,睑皮宽解;痰与气相搏结,寒湿尤多。转睛斗睛(眼球震颤或斜视),无非是风热深入。远视近视,应当区分阴阳偏胜,这些都是眼前所见,有所异常的,不能详细叙述。参究一定的规律,运用灵活变化的方法,尽到望闻问切的功夫,必然能得到神圣工巧(指高超的医术)的验证。
Do not perform acupuncture on Zi days, and do not administer medicine on Wei days. Men should avoid "Chu" (destruction) days, and women should avoid "Po" (breakage) days.
The Five Elements of Heaven and Earth correspond to the Five Zang Organs of the human body; the Five Zang Organs of the body correspond to the Five Meridians of the eyes. For instance, the inner canthus belongs to the Heart, which corresponds to Fire, and its color is red. The black part of the eye (cornea/pupil area in traditional context) belongs to the Liver, which corresponds to Wood, and its color is green/cyan. The eyelids belong to the Spleen, which corresponds to Earth, and its color is yellow. The white part of the eye (sclera) belongs to the Lung, which corresponds to Metal, and its color is white. The pupil belongs to the Kidney, which corresponds to Water, and its color is black. By observing these five colors, one can inspect the Five Zang Organs; this is how the Five Meridians are paired with the Five Zang Organs. By examining the Five Elements and deducing their generation and restriction cycles, and by carefully assessing the causes and origins of the disease, medication can be prescribed for treatment, resulting in no case that is not cured. However, people's innate constitution varies in thickness or thinness, and the pathogenic factors contracted vary in severity. Wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, joy, anger, sorrow, and happiness all arise from specific causes. Now, generally speaking: cases caused by Qi disturbance tend to present with a cloudy appearance and turbid color; cases caused by Blood disturbance often present with a shy/dull look and pale color. Cases triggered by alcohol consumption will show vigorous color with red streaks; cases triggered by sexual excess will show bright redness and blurred vision. Extreme pain indicates heat with deficiency; extreme itching indicates heat combined with wind. If both Qi and Blood are affected, the condition will inevitably be severe. These are all initial manifestations of disease, roughly as described above. As for conditions that come and go, accumulating day by day and month by month, dragging on for years, they may develop into Red Obstruction (red corneal opacity), White Membrane (leukoma), Night Blindness (Yu Ming), Green Blindness (Qing Mang - optic atrophy/blindness), Eye Worms (Zhi Du - parasitic-like lesions), Pterygium (Rou), Proptosis (Lou Tu), Upturned Globe (Ding Jing), Foreign Body Injury (Wu Shang), Trauma from Falls (Die Pu), Smallpox Sores (Dou Ding), or Boil Ulcers (Jie Kui). There are thousands of forms and states, impossible to list exhaustively. However, if the lens/globe structure is undamaged and the pupil remains intact, and it is merely obstruction by cataracts/opacities (Yi Yi) covering the view, these are all treatable conditions. Conversely, conditions such as collapsed globe, hanging eye, dried tears, empty pupil, spiral thread-like spots (corneal scars/adhesions), and mixed black-and-white sclera are destructive diseases and constitute untreatable syndromes. When opacities or rogue opacities block vision so that direct gaze fails, oblique vision must be used. When the eye is dry and shrunken, making visual acuity difficult to distinguish, daylight assistance is required. Opacities vary in hardness, floating nature, density, and thinness; treatment speed may differ, but they can all be removed. Colors may appear red, blue, purple, or green; these represent transmission and transformation processes and all belong to Fire syndromes. Entropion (inverted eyelashes rubbing the eye) results from the struggle between the Lung and Spleen, with excess Wind-Heat and lax eyelid skin; it also involves the struggle between Phlegm and Qi, with abundant Cold-Dampness. Nystagmus or strabismus ("rolling eyes" or "fighting eyes") is invariably due to deep-seated Wind-Heat. Hyperopia and myopia should be differentiated based on Yin-Yang imbalance. These are abnormalities visible in current practice, too numerous to describe in detail. By referring to fixed principles and applying flexible methods, and by fully utilizing the Four Diagnostic Methods (Inspection, Auscultation/Olfaction, Inquiry, Palpation), one will surely achieve the verification of divine and skillful medical art.