钱仲阳云。小儿正伤寒者。谓感冒寒邪。壮热头痛。鼻塞流涕。畏寒拘急是也。夹惊者。因
惊而又感寒邪。或因伤寒。热极生风。是热乘于心。心神易动。故发搐也。羌活散解之。不可便
用抱龙丸。以有朱砂能镇固其邪也。夹食者。或先伤风寒后复停滞饮食。或先停滞饮食而后伤风
寒。以致发热气粗。嗳气壮热。头疼腹胀作痛。大便酸臭。先用解散。次与消导。不解者。大柴
胡汤。周岁以前。伤寒热轻者。惺惺散。周岁以后。须解表微汗。若五六日不除。邪入经络。传
变多端。不可枚举。大略参以六经例治之。
儿因腠理不密。外邪内蕴。或因乳母七情浓味郁热。若风邪外伤。鼻流清涕。头痛身重者。
参苏饮。小儿伤寒发热。咳嗽头面热。千金用麻黄汤加石膏、黄芩、芍药、生姜。小儿发热喘咳。
喉中水鸡声。千金射干汤。若嗽而吐青绿水者。六君子加柴胡、桔梗。若嗽而吐痰乳者。但加桔
梗。勿用柴胡。嗽而呕苦水者。胆汁溢上也。二陈汤加黄芩。嗽而喉中作梗。心火刑金也。桔
梗汤加山栀。有痰。加半夏、茯苓。风热。加葳蕤、薄荷。小儿嗽久不止。服发散之药不应。至
夜微热。急当改用小剂六味地黄以济其阴。若面目浮肿者。五味异功以益其气。其嗽立止。切禁
升发及助气药。若痰中有血。或嗽则鼻衄。须加紫菀。因风热痰结。屡嗽痰不得出者。必用葳蕤、
白蜜以润之。百日内嗽者。名乳嗽。甚难调理。桔梗汤。随证加薄荷、紫苏、羌活、前胡、葱白、
香豉之类。更须禁其吮乳。但与粥汤乃效。风邪外感者。惺惺散。痰热既去。而气粗痰盛。或流
涎者。脾肺气虚也。异功散加桔梗。口疮眼热。五心烦热。腹满气粗。大便坚实者。凉膈散。若
因乳母食五辛浓味。致儿为患者。母服清胃散。仍参所见诸证治之。
钱仲阳说：小儿患正伤寒，是指感受寒邪，出现高热、头痛、鼻塞流涕、怕冷且身体拘紧不舒的症状。夹惊者，是因为受到惊吓后又感受寒邪，或者因为患伤寒后热极生风，热气乘袭心脏，导致心神容易动荡，从而引发抽搐。治疗用羌活散来解表，不可立即使用抱龙丸，因为其中含有朱砂，能镇固病邪使其难以排出。夹食者，或者是先伤于风寒而后饮食停滞，或者是先有饮食停滞而后又伤于风寒，导致发热、呼吸粗重、嗳气、高热、头痛、腹胀疼痛、大便酸臭。治疗应先使用解表药，再用消导药；若不解者，可用大柴胡汤。一周岁以前的婴儿，患伤寒且热势较轻的，用惺惺散。一周岁以后的幼儿，必须通过解表使微微出汗。如果五六天病邪仍未去除，说明邪气已深入经络，传变情况多种多样，无法一一列举。大致参照六经辨证的方法来治疗。
小儿由于腠理（皮肤毛孔）不致密，外邪内蕴，或者因为乳母情绪波动、食用厚味食物产生郁热。若风邪从外部侵袭，出现鼻流清涕、头痛、身体沉重的症状，用参苏饮。小儿伤寒发热，咳嗽且头面部发热，千金方使用麻黄汤加石膏、黄芩、芍药、生姜。小儿发热伴喘咳，喉中有如水鸡叫声的，千金方使用射干汤。若咳嗽并吐出青绿色水的，用六君子汤加柴胡、桔梗。若咳嗽并吐出痰液和乳汁混合物的，只加桔梗，不要用柴胡。若咳嗽并呕吐苦水的，这是胆汁上溢的表现，用二陈汤加黄芩。若咳嗽且喉咙中有梗阻感，这是心火克制肺金的表现，用桔梗汤加山栀。若有痰，加半夏、茯苓。若是风热所致，加葳蕤、薄荷。小儿咳嗽日久不止，服用发散药物无效，到了夜间有轻微发热，应当紧急改用小剂量的六味地黄丸来滋养其阴液。若出现面目浮肿的，用五味异功散来补益其气，咳嗽立刻停止。切记禁止使用升提发散及助长气机的药物。若痰中带血，或者咳嗽时引起鼻出血，须加紫菀。因风热导致痰结，多次咳嗽痰液无法排出的，必须用葳蕤、白蜜来润燥。出生百日内咳嗽的，名叫乳嗽，很难调理，用桔梗汤，根据证候加入薄荷、紫苏、羌活、前胡、葱白、香豉等药物。还必须禁止吮吸母乳，只喂粥汤才有效。若是风邪外感引起的，用惺惺散。痰热已经清除，但呼吸粗重、痰多，或者流口水的，这是脾肺气虚的表现，用异功散加桔梗。若出现口疮、眼睛发热、五心烦热、腹部胀满、呼吸粗重、大便干结的，用凉膈散。若是因为乳母食用五辛厚味食物，导致患儿患病，母亲应服用清胃散，同时参考患儿所见的各种证候进行治疗。
Qian Zhongyang stated: "Zheng Shanghan (True Cold Damage) in children refers to contracting cold pathogenic factors, manifesting as high fever, headache, nasal congestion with runny nose, aversion to cold, and physical stiffness." Jia Jing (Accompanied by fright) occurs when a child is frightened and subsequently contracts cold pathogens, or when extreme heat from Shanghan generates wind. The heat attacks the Heart, causing the Heart Spirit to become easily agitated, leading to convulsions. Treat with Qianghuo San (Notopterygium Powder) to resolve the exterior; do not immediately use Baolong Wan (Dragon-Holding Pill), as it contains Cinnabar (Zhu Sha), which can fixate and retain the pathogen within. Jia Shi (Accompanied by food stagnation) occurs either when cold-damage precedes dietary stagnation, or when dietary stagnation precedes wind-cold contraction, resulting in fever, coarse breathing, belching, high fever, headache, abdominal distension and pain, and sour-smelling stool. Treatment should first employ exterior-resolving methods, followed by digestion-promoting methods. If unresolved, Da Chaihu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) may be used. For infants under one year old with mild heat from Shanghan, Xingxing San (Xingxing Powder) is indicated. For children over one year old, the exterior must be resolved with slight sweating. If the pathogen persists for five to six days without resolution, it has entered the meridians, leading to complex transformations that cannot be exhaustively listed. Generally, treat according to the Six Channels (Liu Jing) pattern differentiation.
Children have loose Cou Li (pores and interstices), allowing external pathogens to accumulate internally, or due to the nursing mother's emotional disturbances and consumption of rich foods generating internal heat. If external Wind-Pathogen invades, presenting with clear nasal discharge, headache, and heavy body, use Shen Su Yin (Ginseng and Perilla Drink). For Shanghan with fever, cough, and heat in the head and face, the *Qianjin Fang* prescribes Mahuang Tang (Ephedra Decoction) plus Shigao (Gypsum), Huangqin (Scutellaria Root), Shaoyao (Peony Root), and Shengjiang (Fresh Ginger). For fever with wheezing cough and a sound like a water frog in the throat, the *Qianjin Fang* prescribes Shegan Tang (Belamcanda Decoction). If coughing up green or clear watery fluid, use Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) plus Chaihu (Bupleurum Root) and Jiegeng (Platycodon Root). If coughing up phlegm mixed with milk, add only Jiegeng; do not use Chaihu. If coughing up bitter fluid, this indicates bile overflowing upward; use Erchen Tang (Two Aged Substances Decoction) plus Huangqin. If coughing with a sensation of obstruction in the throat, this is Heart Fire insulting Lung Metal; use Jiegeng Tang (Platycodon Decoction) plus Zhizi (Gardenia Fruit). If phlegm is present, add Banxia (Pinellia Tuber) and Fuling (Poria). If caused by Wind-Heat, add Weirui (Polygonatum Rhizome) and Bohe (Mint). For prolonged cough unresponsive to dispersing herbs, accompanied by slight fever at night, urgently switch to a small dose of Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill) to nourish Yin. If facial and eye swelling occur, use Wuwei Yigong San (Five-Ingredient Extraordinary Merit Powder) to tonify Qi, which will stop the cough immediately. Strictly avoid ascending, dispersing, and Qi-assisting herbs. If blood appears in sputum or epistaxis occurs during coughing, add Ziwan (Aster Root). For stubborn phlegm due to Wind-Heat phlegm binding that cannot be expectorated, use Weirui and White Honey to moisten. Cough occurring within the first 100 days is called Ru Sou (Breast Cough), which is difficult to manage; use Jiegeng Tang, adding Bohe, Zisu (Perilla Leaf), Qianghuo (Notopterygium Rhizome), Qianhu (Peucedani Radix), Congbai (Scallion White), and Xiangchi (Prepared Soybean) according to symptoms. Breastfeeding must be prohibited; feeding with rice gruel is effective. For external Wind-Pathogen, use Xingxing San. After Phlegm-Heat is cleared, if coarse breathing, profuse phlegm, or drooling persist, this indicates Spleen and Lung Qi Deficiency; use Yigong San (Extraordinary Merit Powder) plus Jiegeng. For mouth ulcers, hot eyes, five-palm heat, abdominal fullness, coarse breathing, and hard stools, use Liangge San (Cooling the Diaphragm Powder). If the illness results from the nursing mother consuming Five Pungent Spices and rich flavors, the mother should take Qingwei San (Clear Stomach Powder), while treating the child based on their specific manifestations.