热入大肠则便血。补中益气加黄连、柴胡。热入小肠则尿血。六味丸。小儿多因胎中受热。
或乳母六淫七情浓味积热。或儿自食甘肥积热。或六淫外侵而成。粪前见血者。清胃散加槐米。
粪后见血者。清胃散加犀角、连翘。若婴儿则以治母为主。余当临证制宜。
小儿大便不通。肺与大肠有热也。清凉饮。若饮食夹惊。及积滞不通者。泻青丸。此皆治实
热例也。若因乳母膏粱积热。及六淫七情郁火传儿为患者。清胃散加蜂蜜。清邪解郁。若儿禀赋
怯弱。五心烦热。作渴引饮而大便难者。六味丸加二冬滋补肺肾。若用大黄、麻仁辈。是速其咎也。
小便不利。有在气在血之分。上焦气分有火。则必渴。下焦血分有湿。则不渴。若津液偏渗
于肠胃。大便泻利。而小便涩少者。五苓散加半夏、人参。若脾胃气滞。不能通调水道者。补中
益气加木通、泽泻。心神烦热。脐腹胀闷。而小便不通者。栀子仁散。脾肺燥热。阴无以化而赤
涩者。黄芩清肺饮。膀胱阴虚。阳无以生而淋沥者。滋肾丸。若膀胱阴虚。阳无以化而淋沥者。
六味丸。若因乳母浓味酒面积热者。清胃散。
膀胱者州都之官。津液藏焉。卧则阳气内收。肾与膀胱之气。虚寒不能约制。故睡中遗尿。
一味补骨脂酒炒为散。醇酒或益智仁煎汤送下。脾肺气虚者。补中益气加补骨脂、山茱萸。
热邪侵入大肠，会导致便血。治疗可用补中益气汤加入黄连、柴胡。热邪侵入小肠，会导致尿血。治疗可用六味丸。小儿患此病多因胎中受热所致。
或者是乳母感受六淫邪气、七情内伤，或食用浓烈厚味的食物导致积热；或者是小儿自己食用甘甜肥腻的食物导致积热；或者是外感六淫邪气而形成的。大便前见血的，用清胃散加槐米。大便后见血的，用清胃散加犀角、连翘。如果是婴儿患病，则以治疗母亲为主，其余情况应当根据临床实际情况灵活制宜。
小儿大便不通，是因为肺与大肠有热。可用清凉饮。如果是饮食停滞兼受惊吓，以及积滞不通的，用泻青丸。这些都属于治疗实热的例子。如果是因乳母食用膏粱厚味导致积热，以及六淫、七情郁火传给孩子致病者，用清胃散加蜂蜜，以清除邪热、解郁结。如果孩子禀赋怯弱，出现五心烦热、口渴引饮且大便困难的，用六味丸加天冬、麦冬来滋补肺肾。如果使用大黄、麻仁这类药物，是加速其祸患的做法。
小便不利，有在气分和在血分的区别。上焦气分有火，则必然口渴；下焦血分有湿，则不口渴。如果津液偏渗于肠胃，导致大便泻利，而小便涩少者，用五苓散加半夏、人参。如果脾胃气机阻滞，不能通调水道者，用补中益气汤加木通、泽泻。心神烦热，脐腹胀闷，而小便不通者，用栀子仁散。脾肺燥热，阴液无法化生而导致小便赤涩者，用黄芩清肺饮。膀胱阴虚，阳气无法生成而导致淋沥不尽者，用滋肾丸。如果是膀胱阴虚，阳气无法气化而导致淋沥者，用六味丸。如果是因乳母食用浓烈厚味、酒面等导致积热者，用清胃散。
膀胱被称为州都之官，是津液藏聚的地方。睡眠时阳气内收，肾与膀胱之气虚寒，不能制约尿液，所以睡中出现遗尿。可用一味补骨脂，酒炒后研为散剂，用醇酒送服，或者用益智仁煎汤送下。如果是脾肺气虚者，用补中益气汤加补骨脂、山茱萸。
Heat entering the Large Intestine causes hematochezia (blood in stool). Treat with Buzhong Yiqi Tang (Tonify the Middle and Augment the Qi Decoction) added with Huanglian (Coptidis Rhizoma) and Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix). Heat entering the Small Intestine causes hematuria (blood in urine). Treat with Liuwei Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill). In infants, this condition is often due to heat received in the womb.
It may also be caused by the nursing mother being affected by the Six Exogenous Pathogens (Liu Yin), emotional disturbances, or accumulating heat from rich and strong-flavored foods; or by the infant consuming sweet and fatty foods leading to accumulated heat; or resulting from invasion by the Six Exogenous Pathogens externally. If blood appears before defecation, treat with Qingwei San (Clear the Stomach Powder) added with Huaimi (Sophorae Flos). If blood appears after defecation, treat with Qingwei San added with Xijiao (Rhinocerotis Cornu) and Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus). For infants, treatment should primarily focus on the mother; other cases require adaptation based on clinical presentation.
Infantile constipation is due to heat in the Lung and Large Intestine. Treat with Qingliang Yin (Cooling Drink). If it involves food stagnation combined with fright, or obstruction due to accumulation, treat with Xieqing Wan (Drain the Liver Pill). These are all examples of treating excess heat. If caused by the nursing mother's consumption of rich foods leading to accumulated heat, or by heat from constrained Six Exogenous Pathogens and Seven Emotions transmitted to the child, treat with Qingwei San added with honey, to clear evil heat and resolve constraint. If the child has a weak constitution, presenting with five-palm heat (heat sensation in palms, soles, and chest), thirst with desire to drink, and difficulty in defecation, treat with Liuwei Wan added with Dongtian (Asparagi Radix) and Dongmai (Ophiopogonis Radix) to nourish the Lung and Kidney. Using Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) or Mahuangren (Semen Cannabis) would accelerate the harm.
Difficulty in urination is distinguished between involvement of the Qi level and the Blood level. Fire in the Qi level of the Upper Jiao necessarily causes thirst; dampness in the Blood level of the Lower Jiao does not cause thirst. If body fluids leak excessively into the intestines and stomach, causing diarrhea and scanty, difficult urination, treat with Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) added with Banxia (Pinelliae Tuber) and Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma). If Spleen and Stomach Qi stagnation prevents the free flow of water passages, treat with Buzhong Yiqi Tang added with Mutong (Akebiae Caulis) and Zexie (Alismatis Rhizoma). If mental restlessness and heat, along with abdominal distension and fullness, lead to urinary retention, treat with Zhizi Ren San (Gardeniae Semen Powder). If Spleen and Lung dryness-heat results in insufficient Yin transformation leading to red and difficult urination, treat with Huangqin Qingfei Yin (Scutellaria Lung-Clearing Decoction). If Kidney Bladder Yin deficiency leads to insufficient Yang generation causing dribbling, treat with Zishen Wan (Nourish the Kidney Pill). If Kidney Bladder Yin deficiency leads to insufficient Yang transformation causing dribbling, treat with Liuwei Wan. If caused by the nursing mother's consumption of rich flavors, alcohol, and wheat products leading to accumulated heat, treat with Qingwei San.
The Bladder is the official named "State Capital," where body fluids are stored. During sleep, Yang Qi turns inward. When Qi of the Kidney and Bladder is deficient and cold, failing to control and restrain, enuresis occurs during sleep. Use one herb: Buguzhi (Psoraleae Fructus), stir-fried with wine and powdered, taken with strong wine or delivered via an infusion of Yizhiren (Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus). If Spleen and Lung Qi are deficient, treat with Buzhong Yiqi Tang added with Buguzhi and Shanzhuyu (Corni Fructus).