麻黄苍术汤 治秋冬感寒。至夜大喘。
麻黄 羌活(各八分) 苍术(泔浸切。麻油炒) 柴胡(各五分) 防风 当归(各四
分。) 黄芩(三分)
草豆蔻(炒研。六分) 黄 (酒炒。一钱五分) 五味子(九粒。碎) 甘草(炙。三分。
生。四分)
水煎。临卧热服。
麻黄定喘汤 治寒包热邪。哮喘痰嗽。遇冷即发。
麻黄(去节。八分) 杏仁(十四粒。泡去皮尖。研) 浓朴(姜制。八分) 款冬花
(去梗。) 桑皮(蜜炙) 苏子(微炒。研。各一钱)
甘草(生炙各四分) 黄芩 半夏(姜制。各一钱二分)
煎成去滓。以生银杏七枚。捣烂入药。绞去滓。乘热服之。去枕仰卧。暖覆取微汗效。
局方人参定喘汤 治远年咳逆。上气胸满。痞塞声不出。
人参 麻黄(去节。) 甘草(炙) 阿胶 半夏曲(各一钱) 桑白皮(蜜炙) 五味
子(碎。各半钱。)
罂粟壳(蜜炙。二分) 生姜(三片)
水煎。食后服。温覆取微汗。
钟乳丸 治冷哮痰喘。但有血者勿服。
滴乳石(酒湿研七日。水飞七次。甘草汤煮三伏时。蘸少许捻开。光亮如 鱼为度。) 麻黄(
醋汤泡。焙干) 杏仁(拣去双仁。泡。去皮尖。) 甘草(炙。等分。)
炼白蜜丸。弹子大。五更临卧各噙化一丸。去枕仰卧。勿开言。数日效。 此即麻黄汤去桂枝
。麻杏甘石汤去石膏。而易钟乳。互换一味。寒热天渊。 本草言服钟乳人。一生忌术。以石药
悍。白术壅滞。犯之恐有暴绝之虞。而千金方有二味并用者。又非庸工可以测识也。
冷哮丸 治背受寒气。遇冷即发喘嗽。顽痰结聚。胸膈痞满。倚息不得卧。
麻黄(泡) 川乌(生) 细辛 蜀椒 白矾(生) 牙皂(去皮弦子。酥炙。)
半夏曲 陈胆星 杏仁(去双仁者。连皮尖用) 甘草(生。各一两) 紫菀茸 款冬花(
各二两)
上为细末。姜汁调神曲末打糊为丸。每遇发时。临卧生姜汤服二钱。羸者一钱。更以三建膏贴
肺俞穴中。服后时吐顽痰。胸膈自宽。服此数日后。以补脾肺药调之。候发如前再服。 按此少变
麻黄附子细辛汤之法。而合稀涎散以涌泄其痰。开发肺气之刚剂。但气虚少食。及痰中见血。营气
受伤者禁用。以其专司疏泄而无温养之功也。观方下所云。服此数日后。以补脾肺药调之。候发如
前再服。擒纵缓急之妙。尽在乎此。
三建膏 治阴疽歹肉不化。
天雄 附子 川乌(各一枚。) 桂心 观桂 桂枝 细辛
干姜 蜀椒(各二两)
上切为片。麻油二斤浸。春五夏三秋七冬十日。煎熬去滓。摅净再熬。徐下黄丹。不往手搅。
滴水不散为度。阴疽以葱汤洗净。摊成加银粉少许贴患处。腹痛少食泄泻。摊成加丁香末少许。贴
脐中及中脘。阳衰精冷。摊成加阿芙蓉少许。贴脐中及丹田。冷哮喘嗽。摊成加麝少许。贴肺俞及
华盖膻中。 瘕冷积。摊成加麝香、阿魏少许贴患处。
崔氏八味丸(方祖) 逍遥散(虚损门) 佐金丸(方祖) 钱氏六味丸(崔氏八味丸下)
生脉散(方祖)
六君子汤(四君子汤下) 华盖散(麻黄汤下) 渗湿汤(理中汤下) 白虎汤(方祖)
二陈汤(方祖)
四七汤(二陈汤下) 越婢加半夏汤(麻黄汤下) 小青龙加石膏汤(桂枝汤下) 济生肾
气丸(崔氏八味丸下) 灵砂丹(金液丹下)
苏子降气汤(七气汤下) 参苏温肺汤(七气汤下) 四磨汤(气门) 千缗汤(二陈汤下) 导
痰汤(二陈汤下)
神保丸(伤饮食门) 三拗汤(麻黄汤下) 古今录验续命汤(方祖) 九宝汤(麻黄汤下)
宁嗽化痰汤(二陈汤下)
苓桂术甘汤(桂枝汤下) 肾气丸(崔氏八味丸下) 小青龙汤(桂枝汤下) 浓朴大黄汤(小承
气汤下) 四君子汤(方祖)
独参汤(保元汤下) 保元汤(方祖) 异功散(四君子汤下) 七气汤(方祖) 越婢汤
(麻黄汤下)
杏子汤(麻黄汤下) 麻黄附子细辛汤(麻黄汤下) 温肺汤(七气汤下) 越婢加术汤(麻黄
汤下) 芦吸散(咳嗽门)
滚痰丸(痰饮门)
麻黄苍术汤:治疗秋冬季节感受寒邪。到了夜晚出现严重喘息的症状。
处方组成:麻黄、羌活(各八分);苍术(用米泔水浸泡后切片,再用麻油炒制);柴胡(各五分);防风、当归(各四分);黄芩(三分);草豆蔻(炒后研碎,六分);黄芪(酒炒,一钱五分);五味子(九粒,捣碎);甘草(炙甘草三分,生甘草四分)。
煎服方法:用水煎煮,睡前热服。
麻黄定喘汤:治疗外感寒邪束表、内有郁热的“寒包热”证,表现为哮喘、痰多咳嗽,遇冷即发作。
处方组成:麻黄(去节,八分);杏仁(十四粒,去皮尖后研碎);浓朴(姜汁制,八分);款冬花(去梗);桑白皮(蜜炙);苏子(微炒后研碎,各一钱);甘草(生甘草和炙甘草各四分);黄芩、半夏(姜汁制,各一钱二分)。
煎服方法:煎好去渣后,取生银杏七枚,捣烂加入药液中,绞汁去渣,趁热服用。服药后去掉枕头仰卧,覆盖保暖以取得微微出汗的效果,疗效显著。
局方人参定喘汤:治疗多年的咳逆气上,胸中胀满,气机痞塞导致声音不出。
处方组成:人参、麻黄(去节)、甘草(炙)、阿胶、半夏曲(各一钱);桑白皮(蜜炙)、五味子(捣碎,各半钱);罂粟壳(蜜炙,二分);生姜(三片)。
煎服方法:用水煎煮,饭后服用。服药后温覆身体以取得微微出汗。
钟乳丸:治疗冷哮痰喘。如果有出血症状者禁止服用。
处方组成:滴乳石(用酒湿润研磨七日,水飞法提纯七次,用甘草汤煮三个时辰,蘸少许捻开,光亮如鱼鳞为度);麻黄(醋汤浸泡,焙干);杏仁(拣去双仁的,去皮尖);甘草(炙,等分)。
制作与服用方法:炼白蜜为丸,大小如弹子。五更天和临睡前各含化一丸。服药后去掉枕头仰卧,不要说话。数日可见效。此方即麻黄汤去掉桂枝,麻杏甘石汤去掉石膏,而改用钟乳石。仅互换一味药,寒热性质天壤之别。《本草》说服用钟乳石的人,一生要忌用白术,因为石药性悍烈,白术壅滞,犯之恐怕有突然死亡的虞虑。然而《千金方》中有两味并用的情况,这又不是平庸医生可以推测认识的。
冷哮丸:治疗背部受寒气,遇冷即发作喘嗽,顽痰结聚,胸膈痞满,倚靠呼吸不能平卧。
处方组成:麻黄(泡制)、川乌(生用)、细辛、蜀椒、白矾(生用)、牙皂(去皮弦子和籽,酥炙);半夏曲、陈胆星、杏仁(去掉双仁的,连皮尖使用)、甘草(生用,各一两);紫菀茸、款冬花(各二两)。
制作与服用方法:以上药物研为细末,用姜汁调神曲末打糊为丸。每次发作时,临睡前用生姜汤送服二钱,体弱者一钱。另外用三建膏贴敷肺俞穴。服药后会吐出顽痰,胸膈自然宽畅。服用此药数日后,用补脾肺的药物调理。等到再次像以前一样发作时再服用。按语:此方是少变麻黄附子细辛汤的方法,并结合稀涎散以涌吐泄下其痰,是开发肺气的刚猛药剂。但是气虚食少,以及痰中带血、营气受伤者禁用。因为它专门负责疏泄而没有温养的功效。看方下的说明,“服用此药数日后,用补脾肺药物调理,等到再次发作再服用”,擒纵缓急的妙处,全在于此。
三建膏:治疗阴疽、恶肉不化。
处方组成:天雄、附子、川乌(各一枚);桂心、官桂、桂枝、细辛;干姜、蜀椒(各二两)。
制作与使用方法:以上药物切成片,用二斤麻油浸泡,春季五天、夏季三天、秋季七天、冬季十天。煎熬去渣,滤净后再熬,慢慢加入黄丹,不要用手搅动,以滴水不散为度。治疗阴疽,用葱汤洗净患处,摊涂后加少许银粉贴在患处。如果是腹痛、少食、泄泻,摊涂后加少许丁香末,贴在脐中和中脘穴。如果是阳衰精冷,摊涂后加少许阿芙蓉,贴在脐中和丹田穴。治疗冷哮喘嗽,摊涂后加少许麝香,贴在肺俞及华盖、膻中穴。治疗瘕冷积,摊涂后加少许麝香、阿魏,贴在患处。
以下列出相关方剂的出处或祖方引用:
崔氏八味丸(方祖);逍遥散(见虚损门);佐金丸(方祖);钱氏六味丸(在崔氏八味丸之下);生脉散(方祖);六君子汤(在四君子汤之下);华盖散(在麻黄汤之下);渗湿汤(在理中汤之下);白虎汤(方祖);二陈汤(方祖);四七汤(在二陈汤之下);越婢加半夏汤(在麻黄汤之下);小青龙加石膏汤(在桂枝汤之下);济生肾气丸(在崔氏八味丸之下);灵砂丹(在金液丹之下);苏子降气汤(在七气汤之下);参苏温肺汤(在七气汤之下);四磨汤(见气门);千缗汤(在二陈汤之下);导痰汤(在二陈汤之下);神保丸(在伤饮食门);三拗汤(在麻黄汤之下);古今录验续命汤(方祖);九宝汤(在麻黄汤之下);宁嗽化痰汤(在二陈汤之下);苓桂术甘汤(在桂枝汤之下);肾气丸(在崔氏八味丸之下);小青龙汤(在桂枝汤之下);浓朴大黄汤(在小承气汤之下);四君子汤(方祖);独参汤(在保元汤之下);保元汤(方祖);异功散(在四君子汤之下);七气汤(方祖);越婢汤(在麻黄汤之下);杏子汤(在麻黄汤之下);麻黄附子细辛汤(在麻黄汤之下);温肺汤(在七气汤之下);越婢加术汤(在麻黄汤之下);芦吸散(见咳嗽门);滚痰丸(见痰饮门)。
Mahuang Cangzhu Decoction: Treats cold contraction in autumn and winter, leading to severe panting at night.
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo) (each 8 fen); Atractylodis Rhizoma (Cangzhu) (soaked in rice washing water, sliced, stir-fried with sesame oil); Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu) (each 5 fen); Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) (each 4 fen); Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) (3 fen); Cardamomi Fructus (Caodoukou) (stir-fried and ground, 6 fen); Astragali Radix (Huangqi) (wine-fried, 1 qian 5 fen); Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) (9 grains, crushed); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (prepared Gancao 3 fen, raw Gancao 4 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct in water, take hot before retiring.
Mahuang Dingchuan Decoction: Treats "cold wrapping heat" syndrome caused by external cold binding the exterior and internal heat, manifesting as asthma, wheezing, and phlegm cough, triggered by cold exposure.
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) (de-jointed, 8 fen); Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren) (14 grains, soaked, skin and tip removed, ground); Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (Noupu) (ginger-processed, 8 fen); Farfarae Flos (Kuandonghua) (de-stemmed); Mori Cortex (Sangpi) (honey-fried); Perillae Fructus (Suzi) (lightly stir-fried and ground, each 1 qian); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (raw and prepared, each 4 fen); Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Pinelliae Rhizoma (Banxia) (ginger-processed, each 1 qian 2 fen).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct, remove dregs. Add seven raw Ginkgo Seeds (Yinxing), mash them into the decoction, squeeze out the juice, remove dregs, and take hot. Lie supine without a pillow after taking, cover warmly to induce slight sweating for efficacy.
Jufang Renshen Dingchuan Decoction: Treats chronic cough with rebellious qi, upper chest fullness, stagnation preventing voice production.
Ingredients: Ginseng Radix (Renshen), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) (de-jointed), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (prepared), Donkey-hide Gelatin (Ejiao), Pinelliae Fermentatum (Banxiaqu) (each 1 qian); Mori Cortex (Sangbaipi) (honey-fried); Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) (crushed, half qian); Papaveris Capsula (Yingsuke) (honey-fried, 2 fen); Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang) (3 slices).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct in water, take after meals. Cover warmly to induce slight sweating.
Zhongru Wan: Treats cold asthma with phlegm and panting. Contraindicated if there is bleeding.
Ingredients: Halitum (Dirushi) (moistened with wine and ground for seven days, levigated with water seven times, boiled in Licorice Decoction for three hours, dipped and spread thinly until shiny like fish scales); Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) (soaked in vinegar water, dried); Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren) (select those without double kernels, soak, remove skin and tip); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (prepared, equal parts).
Preparation and Administration: Prepare pills with refined white honey, size of a bullet. Hold one pill in the mouth to dissolve at dawn and before bed. Lie supine without a pillow after taking, do not speak. Efficacy seen within several days. This formula is Mahuang Tang minus Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), and Maxing Shigan Shi Decoction minus Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao), replaced by Halitum (Zhongru). Changing just one ingredient alters the nature from cold to hot drastically. Materia Medica states that those taking Zhongru must avoid Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma (Baizhu) for life, as mineral drugs are fierce and Baizhu is cloying; violating this may risk sudden death. However, Qianjin Fang uses both together, which cannot be understood by mediocre practitioners.
Lengxiao Wan: Treats cold asthma triggered by cold exposure on the back, causing wheezing and cough, accumulation of stubborn phlegm, chest and diaphragm fullness, inability to lie flat due to shortness of breath.
Ingredients: Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) (soaked); Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Chuanwu) (raw); Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin); Zanthoxyli Fructus (Shujiao); Alumen (Baijian) (raw); Gleditsiae Sinensis Spina (Yazao) (remove skin, strings, and seeds, fry with lard); Pinelliae Fermentatum (Banxiaqu); Arisaema Cum Bile (Chendanning); Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren) (remove double kernels, use with skin and tip); Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (raw, each 1 liang); Asteris Radix et Herba (Ziwanrong); Farfarae Flos (Kuandonghua) (each 2 liang).
Preparation and Administration: Grind into fine powder. Make pills using ginger juice and fermented wheat dough (Shenqu) as binder. At onset of attack, take 2 qian with ginger soup before bed, or 1 qian for weak patients. Apply Sanjian Plaster to Feishu (BL13). After taking, stubborn phlegm will be expectorated, and chest/diaphragm will feel open. After several days of taking this, regulate with Spleen and Lung tonics. Repeat when symptoms recur. Note: This formula modifies Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang and combines with Xixian San to vomit and drain phlegm, a harsh method to open Lung Qi. Contraindicated in Qi deficiency with poor appetite, hemoptysis, or Ying Qi injury, as it only drains without warming/nourishing. The instruction to regulate with tonics after several days and repeat upon recurrence demonstrates the subtlety of controlling intensity and timing.
Sanjian Gao: Treats Yin abscesses and necrotic tissue that fails to resolve.
Ingredients: Aconiti Radix Lateralis Praeparata (Tianxiong), Aconiti Radix Preparata (Fuzi), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Chuanwu) (each 1 piece); Cinnamomi Cortex (Guixin), Cinnamomi Cortex (Guangui), Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin); Zingiberis Rhizoma (Ganjiang), Zanthoxyli Fructus (Shujiao) (each 2 liang).
Preparation and Application: Slice ingredients, soak in 2 jin of Sesame Oil (MAYOU) for spring (5 days), summer (3 days), autumn (7 days), winter (10 days). Boil, remove dregs, filter, boil again. Slowly add Litharge (Huandan), do not stir by hand, until it does not disperse in water. For Yin abscesses, clean with green onion soup, apply plaster with a little Silver Powder (Yinfen) to the lesion. For abdominal pain, poor appetite, diarrhea, add a little丁香 (Dingxiang) powder, apply to Shenque (CV8) and Zhongwan (CV12). For Yang deficiency and cold essence, add a little Opium (Afuyun), apply to Shenque (CV8) and Dantian (CV4). For cold asthma/cough, add a little Moschus (Shexiang), apply to Feishu (BL13), Huagai (EX-B1), and Danzhong (CV17). For Cold Stagnation masses, add a little Moschus (Shexiang) and Ferulae Resina (Awei), apply to the lesion.
References to other formulas:
Cuishi Bawei Wan (Ancestral Formula); Xiaoyao San (see Xu Sun Men); Zuojin Wan (Ancestral Formula); Qianshi Liuwei Wan (under Cuishi Bawei Wan); Shengmai San (Ancestral Formula); Liujunzi Tang (under Sijunzi Tang); Huagai San (under Mahuang Tang); Shenshi Tang (under Lizhong Tang); Baihu Tang (Ancestral Formula); Erchen Tang (Ancestral Formula); Siqi Tang (under Erchen Tang); Yebibo Jia Banxia Tang (under Mahuang Tang); Xiaoqinglong Jia Shigao Tang (under Guizhi Tang); Jisheng Shenqi Wan (under Cuishi Bawei Wan); Lingsha Dan (under Jin Ye Dan); Suzi Jiangqi Tang (under Qi Qi Tang); Rensu Wenfei Tang (under Qi Qi Tang); Simo Tang (see Qi Men); Qianmin Tang (under Erchen Tang); Daotan Tang (under Erchen Tang); Shenbao Wan (see Shang Yinshi Men); San'ao Tang (under Mahuang Tang); Gujin Luyan Xuming Tang (Ancestral Formula); Jiubao Tang (under Mahuang Tang); Ningsou Huatan Tang (under Erchen Tang); Linggui Zhugan Tang (under Guizhi Tang); Shenqi Wan (under Cuishi Bawei Wan); Xiaoqinglong Tang (under Guizhi Tang); Noupou Dahuang Tang (under Xiaochengqi Tang); Sijunzi Tang (Ancestral Formula); Dushen Tang (under Baoyuan Tang); Baoyuan Tang (Ancestral Formula); Yigong San (under Sijunzi Tang); Qi Qi Tang (Ancestral Formula); Yebibo Tang (under Mahuang Tang); Xingzi Tang (under Mahuang Tang); Mahuang Fuzi Xixin Tang (under Mahuang Tang); Wenfei Tang (under Qi Qi Tang); Yebibo Jia Zhu Tang (under Mahuang Tang); Luxi San (see Ke Sou Men); Guntan Wan (see Tan Yin Men).