千金五味子汤 治伤燥。咳唾中有血。引胸胁痛。皮肤干枯。
五味子（五分。炒研） 桔梗 甘草 紫菀茸 续断 竹茹 桑根皮（蜜炒。各一钱
。） 生地黄（二钱） 赤小豆（一撮。即赤豆之细者。）
上九味。水煎空心服。秘旨。加白蜜一匙。
千金麦门冬汤 治大病后。火热乘肺。咳唾有血。胸膈胀满。上气羸瘦。五心须热。渴而便
秘。
麦门冬（去心。二钱） 桔梗 桑根皮（蜜炙。） 半夏 生地黄 紫菀茸 竹菇（各一钱。
）麻黄（七分） 甘草（炙。五分） 五味子（十粒。碎。） 生姜（一片）
上十一味。水煎空心服。 石顽曰。按千金麦门冬汤。即五味子汤中去续断、赤小豆加门冬、
麻黄、半夏、生姜。而五味子汤专治燥咳。方中反用续断以燥湿。麦门冬汤专治火热乘肺。咳唾有
血。反用麻黄、半夏。世都莫解其故。是以并其方而置之。不知致燥之由。皆缘经脉阻滞。非续断
不能通之。咳唾有血。是伤寒大病后。余邪蕴酿为火而乘于肺。非麻黄不能开之。痰凝气结。津液
不行。非半夏不能祛之。与活人知母麻黄汤和剂款冬花散等立法不殊。今人每谓半夏性燥。一切渴
家亡血家禁用。又谓半夏辛温。不当极闸冬、竹茹寒润药同用。若尔。则金匮麦门冬汤、竹叶石膏
汤。俱不足法耶。
千金地黄煎 治风热心烦。咳喘便秘。脾胃热壅。食不下。
生地黄汁 枸杞子汁（二味酒捣。各取汁） 荆沥 竹沥（各半斤） 真酥 生姜汁（各一合
。） 人参 天门冬（去心。各一两） 白茯苓（八钱） 大黄（酒蒸） 栀子（姜汁炒黑。各
五钱）
上十一味。以后五味为细末。入前六汁内。调服方寸匕。再服渐加。以利为度。
生地黄煎（千金） 治积热烦渴。日晡转剧。喘咳面赤。能食便秘。
葳蕤 知母 茯神 栝蒌根 鲜地骨皮（各二两） 石膏（四两。碎） 生地黄汁（二升）
麦门冬汁 白蜜（各一合） 生姜汁（二合。） 竹沥（六合半。）
上 咀。以水一斗二升先煮诸药。取汁三升。去滓下竹沥、地黄、门冬汁。缓火煎至。四升。
下炼白密、姜汁再煎数沸。
初服三合。日三夜一服。加至四合。夏月为散。收姜汁、竹沥焙干蜜丸服。煎膏尤妙。 喻嘉
言曰。此方生液凉血。制火撒热。兼擅其长。再加人参。乃治虚热之良剂。然非能食便秘者。断不
可施。
通幽汤 治大便燥结。便出坚黑。
油当归（二钱五分。） 升麻（三分。醋浸） 桃仁泥（一钱） 甘草（生炙。各五分） 红
花（少许） 熟地黄 生地黄（各一钱五分）
水煎。将成用药汁磨槟榔五分。调入稍热服。
润燥汤
通幽汤加麻仁、大黄各一钱。
清凉饮 治上焦积热。肺气不化。口舌干燥。
黄连 黄芩 薄荷 黑参 当归 赤芍药（各一钱五分） 甘草（炙。一钱）
水煎。入生白蜜一匕。热服。大便秘结。加酒蒸大黄。
四顺清凉饮（一名四顺饮。） 治血热便秘脉实者。
当归 赤芍 甘草 大黄（酒蒸。各一钱五分）
水煎。入生白蜜一匕。热服。 按清凉饮治上焦之燥热。故用薄荷之辛散。四顺饮主下焦之燥
结。故用大黄之苦寒。功用天渊。
麻仁丸（玉函） 治脾约。大便燥结。
浓朴（姜汗炒。） 芍药 枳实（炒。各二钱） 大黄（四钱） 麻仁泥 杏仁（泡。去皮
尖。各钱半）
上六味为末。炼白蜜丸梧子大。饮服五十丸。日三服。以利为度。
润肠丸 治大肠风热血秘。
麻仁 桃仁（另研。各一两。） 羌活 当归（各半两） 大黄（绿矾水浸。湿纸裹煨。
半两。） 皂角仁 秦艽（各半两。一作防风。）
除二仁另研外。为细末。蜜丸梧子大。每服五十丸。食前温酒下。本方加郁李仁、防风。名润
燥丸。
猪胆导（玉函）
大猪胆一枚。泻汁。和醋少许。以灌谷道中。如一食顷。当大便出。虚人不可用胆导。陈酱姜、陈
酱瓜皆可削为导。湿热肥盛痰闷。可用黄瓜根浸湿削之为导。此即土瓜根导也。
蜜煎导
白蜜七合。一味纳铜器中。微火煎之。稍凝如饴状。搅之勿令焦着。欲可丸。并手捻作挺。令
头锐大如指。长五寸。当热时急作。冷则硬。纳谷道中。以手急抵。欲大便去之。
异功散（四君子汤下） 钱氏六味丸（崔氏八味丸下） 固本丸（二冬膏下） 滋燥养营汤
（四物汤下） 大补地黄丸（四物汤下）
虎潜丸（大补丸下）
千金五味子汤：治疗因燥邪损伤肺胃所致的病证。症状表现为咳嗽吐痰中带血，牵引胸胁疼痛，皮肤干枯无泽。
处方组成：五味子（五分，炒后研碎）、桔梗、甘草、紫菀茸、续断、竹茹、桑根皮（蜜炒，以上各一钱）、生地黄（二钱）、赤小豆（一撮，即细小的赤豆）。
煎服方法：以上九味药，加水煎煮，空腹服用。《秘旨》记载：可加白蜂蜜一匙。
千金麦门冬汤：治疗大病之后，火热之邪乘袭肺脏。症状表现为咳嗽吐痰带血，胸膈胀满，气逆上冲，身体消瘦虚弱，五心（两手心、两足心及心口）发热，口渴且大便秘结。
处方组成：麦门冬（去心，二钱）、桔梗、桑根皮（蜜炙）、半夏、生地黄、紫菀茸、竹茹（以上各一钱）、麻黄（七分）、甘草（炙，五分）、五味子（十粒，捣碎）、生姜（一片）。
煎服方法：以上十一味药，加水煎煮，空腹服用。
石顽按语：据我考察，《千金方》中的麦门冬汤，就是在五味子汤中去掉续断、赤小豆，加入麦门冬、麻黄、半夏、生姜而成。然而，五味子汤专门治疗燥咳，方中反而使用具有燥湿作用的续断；麦门冬汤专门治疗火热乘肺、咳唾带血，方中反而使用麻黄、半夏。世人都不明白其中的缘故，因此将这些方剂搁置不用。殊不知导致燥证的缘由，都是因为经脉阻滞，非续断不能疏通；咳唾带血，是伤寒大病之后，余邪蕴酿成火而乘袭于肺，非麻黄不能开泄肺气；痰凝气结，津液运行不畅，非半夏不能祛除痰浊。这与《活人书》中知母麻黄汤、和剂局方款冬花散等立法宗旨并不相同。如今的人常说半夏性燥，一切口渴者、失血者都禁用；又说半夏辛温，不应当与麦门冬、竹茹等寒润药物同用。如果这样认为，那么《金匮要略》中的麦门冬汤、竹叶石膏汤，难道就不值得效法了吗？
千金地黄煎：治疗风热内扰导致的心烦，咳嗽气喘，大便秘结，脾胃热邪壅滞，饮食难下。
处方组成：生地黄汁、枸杞子汁（这两味药酒捣取汁）、荆沥、竹沥（以上各半斤）、真酥（牛乳制成的酥油）、生姜汁（以上各一合）、人参、天门冬（去心，以上各一两）、白茯苓（八钱）、大黄（酒蒸）、栀子（姜汁炒黑，以上各五钱）。
煎服方法：将后五味药研为细末，加入前六味汁液中，调和服用一方寸匕的量。再次服用时逐渐增加剂量，以大便通畅为度。
生地黄煎（出自《千金方》）：治疗积热导致的烦躁口渴，傍晚时分症状加重，喘咳面红，能进食但大便秘结。
处方组成：葳蕤（玉竹）、知母、茯神、栝蒌根、鲜地骨皮（以上各二两）、石膏（四两，捣碎）、生地黄汁（二升）、麦门冬汁、白蜜（以上各一合）、生姜汁（二合）、竹沥（六合半）。
煎服方法：将药材切碎，用水一斗二升先煎煮诸药，取汁三升，去渣后加入竹沥、生地黄汁、麦门冬汁，用小火煎至四升，再加入炼过的白蜜、生姜汁再煎数沸。
初服三合，每日三次，夜间一次，逐渐加量至四合。夏季制成散剂，将姜汁、竹沥焙干后与蜜混合制成丸剂服用，做成煎膏效果更佳。
喻嘉言按语：此方能生津液、凉血，制约火势、发散热邪，兼有这两种长处。若再加人参，则是治疗虚热的良方。但是，对于不能进食且大便秘结的患者，绝对不可使用。
通幽汤：治疗大便燥结，排出坚硬黑色的粪便。
处方组成：油当归（二钱五分）、升麻（三分，醋浸）、桃仁泥（一钱）、甘草（生用、炙用各五分）、红花（少许）、熟地黄、生地黄（以上各一钱五分）。
煎服方法：加水煎煮，即将煎好时，用药汁磨槟榔五分，调入药液中，稍温热后服用。
清凉饮：治疗上焦积热，肺气不能正常宣化，口舌干燥。
处方组成：黄连、黄芩、薄荷、黑参（玄参）、当归、赤芍药（以上各一钱五分）、甘草（炙，一钱）。
煎服方法：加水煎煮，加入生白蜜一方寸匕，热服。若大便秘结，加酒蒸大黄。
四顺清凉饮（又名四顺饮）：治疗血热便秘且脉象实有力的患者。
处方组成：当归、赤芍、甘草、大黄（酒蒸，以上各一钱五分）。
煎服方法：加水煎煮，加入生白蜜一方寸匕，热服。
按语：清凉饮治疗上焦的燥热，故用薄荷的辛散之性；四顺饮主治下焦的燥结，故用大黄的苦寒之性。两者的功用相差如天地之别。
麻仁丸（出自《玉函经》）：治疗脾约证，大便燥结。
处方组成：浓朴（姜汁炒）、芍药、枳实（炒，以上各二钱）、大黄（四钱）、麻仁泥、杏仁（去皮尖，泡制，以上各钱半）。
煎服方法：以上六味药研为细末，炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次饮服五十丸，每日三次，以大便通畅为度。
润肠丸：治疗大肠风热血秘。
处方组成：麻仁、桃仁（另研，以上各一两）、羌活、当归（以上各半两）、大黄（绿矾水浸，湿纸包裹煨制，半两）、皂角仁、秦艽（以上各半两，一作防风）。
煎服方法：除两种仁类药另研外，其余研为细末，炼蜜制成梧桐子大小的丸剂。每次服用五十丸，饭前用温酒送服。本方若加入郁李仁、防风，名为润燥丸。
猪胆导（出自《玉函经》）：
取一个大猪胆，挤出胆汁，加入少许醋，灌入肛门中。大约一顿饭的时间，大便就会排出。体虚之人不可使用胆导法。陈年的酱姜、陈年的酱瓜都可以削成条状作为导引物。湿热肥盛、痰闷者，可用黄瓜根浸湿后削成条状作为导引物，这就是土瓜根导法。
蜜煎导：
取白蜜七合，单味放入铜器中，用微火煎煮，稍微凝固如饴糖状，搅拌时不要让它焦着锅底。待其可以捏成丸时，用手捻成挺状，头部尖锐，粗细如手指，长五寸。要在热的时候赶紧制作，冷了就会变硬。将其纳入肛门中，用手急推，欲解大便时取出。
异功散（见四君子汤之下） 钱氏六味丸（见崔氏八味丸之下） 固本丸（见二冬膏之下） 滋燥养营汤（见四物汤之下） 大补地黄丸（见四物汤之下）
虎潜丸（见大补丸之下）
Qianjin Wuweizi Decoction (Five-Flavor Berry Decoction from the Golden Cabinet): Treats injuries caused by dryness. Symptoms include coughing and expectoration with blood, pain in the chest and hypochondrium radiating from the cough, and dry, rough skin.
Ingredients: Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) (2 g, stir-fried and crushed), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Asteris Herba (Ziwan Rong), Dipsaci Radix (Xuduan), Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (Zhuru), Morus Cortex Radicis (Sanggenpi) (honey-fried, each 3 g), Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Shengdihuang) (6 g), Phaseoli Semen Rubrum (Chixiaodou) (a pinch, i.e., small red beans).
Preparation and Administration: The above nine herbs are decocted in water and taken on an empty stomach. *Mizhi* adds one spoonful of white honey.
Qianjin Maidong Decoction (Ophiopogon Decoction from the Golden Cabinet): Treats conditions after severe illness where fire-heat attacks the Lung. Symptoms include coughing and expectoration with blood, distension and fullness in the chest and diaphragm, upward rushing of Qi, emaciation, heat in the five centers (palms, soles, and heart), thirst, and constipation.
Ingredients: Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong) (decocted, 6 g), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Morus Cortex Radicis (Sanggenpi) (honey-fried), Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia), Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Shengdihuang), Asteris Herba (Ziwan Rong), Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (Zhuru) (each 3 g), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) (2 g), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (roasted, 1.5 g), Schisandrae Fructus (Wuweizi) (10 berries, crushed), Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang) (one slice).
Preparation and Administration: The above eleven herbs are decocted in water and taken on an empty stomach.
Commentary by Shiwan: Regarding Qianjin Maidong Decoction, it is essentially Wuweizi Decoction with Dipsaci Radix (Xuduan) and Phaseoli Semen Rubrum (Chixiaodou) removed, and Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong), Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia), and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiang) added. However, Wuweizi Decoction specifically treats dryness-cough, yet it uses Dipsaci Radix (Xuduan), which has drying-damp properties; while Maidong Decoction specifically treats fire-heat attacking the Lung with bloody expectoration, yet it uses Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) and Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia). People do not understand the reason for this and thus discard these formulas. They fail to realize that the cause of dryness often stems from meridian obstruction, which only Dipsaci Radix (Xuduan) can unblock. Bloody expectoration after severe cold damage is due to residual pathogens fermenting into fire and attacking the Lung, which only Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang) can open. Phlegm stagnation and Qi knotting, leading to impaired fluid metabolism, require Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum (Banxia) to resolve. This legislative principle is consistent with Zhimu Mahuang Tang in *Ren Shu* and Kuandonghua San in the *Heji Jufang*. Modern practitioners often claim Banxia is too drying and contraindicated for those with thirst or blood loss, and argue its acrid-warm nature should not be combined with cooling-moistening herbs like Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong) or Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (Zhuru). If this were true, would Maidong Tang and Zhuye Shigao Tang in *Jin Gui Yao Lue* also be unworthy of emulation?
Qianjin Dihuang Decoction (Rehmannia Decoction from the Golden Cabinet): Treats irritability due to wind-heat, cough and asthma, constipation, spleen and stomach heat congestion, and inability to eat.
Ingredients: Juice of Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Shengdihuangzhi), Juice of Lycii Fructus (Gouqizhi) (these two are pounded with wine to extract juice), Juice of Bambusae Spina (Jingli), Juice of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (Zhuli) (each 250 g), True Su (Niu Ru Su - butter made from cow's milk), Juice of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiangzhi) (each 30 ml), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Asparagi Radix (Tianmendong) (decocted, each 30 g), Poria (Fuling) (24 g), Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang) (steamed with wine), Gardeniae Fructus (Zhizi) (stir-fried with ginger juice until black, each 15 g).
Preparation and Administration: The last five herbs are ground into fine powder and mixed with the first six juices. Take one cun bi (approx. 5-10g) per dose. Gradually increase the dose upon subsequent administrations until bowel movement is achieved.
Shengdihuang Jian (Rehmannia Paste from *Qianjin Fang*): Treats accumulated heat causing irritability and thirst, worsening at dusk, wheezing, cough, flushed face, ability to eat but with constipation.
Ingredients: Polygonati Reticulati Rhizoma (Weirui/Yuzhu), Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (Zhimu), Poria cum Ramo Xyli (Fushen), Trichosanthis Radix (Gualougen), Cortex Lycii Radicis (Digupi) fresh (each 60 g), Gypsum Fibrosum (Shigao) (120 g, crushed), Juice of Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Shengdihuangzhi) (500 ml), Juice of Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidongzhi), White Honey (Baimi) (each 30 ml), Juice of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens (Shengjiangzhi) (60 ml), Juice of Bambusae Caulis in Taeniam (Zhuli) (157.5 ml).
Preparation and Administration: Cut the herbs. Decoct in 2400 ml of water first, reduce to 900 ml, remove dregs, then add Zhuli, Shengdihuangzhi, and Maidongzhi. Simmer over low heat to 1600 ml. Add refined Baimi and Shengjiangzhi, boil a few more times. Initial dose: 90 ml, three times daily and once at night. Increase to 120 ml. In summer, make into powder: bake Jiangzhi and Zhuli dry, mix with honey to form pills. Making into paste is even better.
Commentary by Yu Jiayan: This formula generates fluids, cools blood, restrains fire, and dissipates heat, excelling in both aspects. Adding Ginseng makes it an excellent remedy for deficiency-heat. However, it must not be used for patients who cannot eat and have constipation.
Tongyou Decoction: Treats dry fecal impaction, passing hard, dark stools.
Ingredients: Angelicae Sinensis Radix Oleosa (You Danggui) (8 g), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Shengma) (1 g, soaked in vinegar), Persicae Semen (Taoren) mashed (3 g), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (raw and roasted, 1.5 g each), Carthami Flos (Honghua) (a little), Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (Shudihuang), Rehmanniae Radix Recens (Shengdihuang) (each 4.5 g).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct in water. Just before completion, grind Arecae Semen (Binglang) 1.5 g in the medicinal liquid, mix in, and take when slightly warm.
Runzao Tang (Moistening Dryness Decoction): Tongyou Decoction plus Hemp Seed (Haren) and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang), each 3 g.
Qingliang Yin (Cooling Drink): Treats accumulated heat in the upper jiao, failure of Lung Qi to transform, dry mouth and tongue.
Ingredients: Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian), Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin), Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe), Scrophulariae Radix (Heishen/Xuanshen), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishaoyao) (each 4.5 g), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao) (roasted, 3 g).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct in water, add one cun bi of raw white honey, take hot. For severe constipation, add Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang) steamed with wine.
Sishun Qingliang Yin (Four-Obedience Cooling Drink, also known as Sishun Yin): Treats blood-heat constipation with a forceful pulse.
Ingredients: Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (Chishao), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang) (steamed with wine, each 4.5 g).
Preparation and Administration: Decoct in water, add one cun bi of raw white honey, take hot.
Note: Qingliang Yin treats upper jiao dryness-heat, using the acrid-dispersing property of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba (Bohe). Sishun Yin treats lower jiao dryness-stagnation, using the bitter-cold property of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang). Their functions are vastly different.
Maren Wan (Hemp Seed Pill from *Yuhan Jing*): Treats Spley Restriction syndrome (Pi Yue) with dry fecal impaction.
Ingredients: Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (N Houpo) (stir-fried with ginger juice), Paeoniae Radix (Shaoyao), Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi) (roasted, each 6 g), Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang) (12 g), Cannabis Fructus (Haren) mashed, Armeniacae Semen Amarum (Xingren) (peeled and tip removed, soaked, each 4.5 g).
Preparation and Administration: Grind the above six herbs into powder, refine white honey to make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 50 pills with water, three times daily, until stool is loose.
Runchang Wan (Intestine-Moistening Pill): Treats wind-blood stasis constipation in the Large Intestine.
Ingredients: Cannabis Fructus (Haren), Persicae Semen (Taoren) (separately ground, each 30 g), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui) (each 15 g), Rhei Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang) (soaked in Vitriolum Viride water, wrapped in wet paper and baked, 15 g), Gleditsiae Sinensis Fructus (Zaojiaoren), Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix et Rhizoma (Qinjiao) (each 15 g, alternatively use Saposhnikoviae Radix/Fangfeng).
Preparation and Administration: Except for the two seeds which are ground separately, grind the rest into fine powder, refine honey to make pills the size of wutong seeds. Take 50 pills before meals with warm wine. If Pruni Semen (Yuliren) and Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng) are added, it is named Runzao Wan.
Zhudan Dao (Pig Gallbladder Suppository from *Yuhan Jing*):
Take one large pig gallbladder, drain the bile, mix with a little vinegar, and insert into the anus. After about the time it takes to eat one meal, the stool will be expelled. Do not use this method for deficient patients. Old fermented bean paste ginger or old fermented bean paste melon can be carved into suppositories. For patients with damp-heat, obesity, and phlegm oppression, cucumber root soaked in water and carved into a suppository can be used; this is also called Tuguagen Dao (Melon Root Suppository).
Mi Jian Dao (Honey Suppository):
Take 210 ml of white honey. Place alone in a copper vessel and simmer gently over low heat until it thickens like maltose. Stir constantly to prevent burning. When it can be molded, shape it by hand into a cone-shaped suppository, sharp at the head, finger-thick, and 5 cun long. Make it while hot; it hardens when cold. Insert into the anus and push firmly with fingers. Remove when the urge to defecate arises.
Yigong San (see under Si Jun Zi Tang), Qian Shi Liu Wei Wan (see under Cui Shi Ba Wei Wan), Guben Wan (see under Er Dong Gao), Zizao Yangying Tang (see under Si Wu Tang), Dabu Dihuang Wan (see under Si Wu Tang).
Hujian Wan (see under Dabu Wan).