（评改门人江菊人稿）
冬令闭塞，其用为藏，春令宣发，其用为动。盖伤于寒而不即病者，以其令闭塞，而彼亦闭塞于内。既伤
于寒而春必病者，以其令宣发，而彼亦宣发于外。得之于寒而反病温者，非寒极生热之谓乎。且夫水
之无声，风荡之鸣，五行之中，冬、寒水也，春、风木也，冬伤于寒，犹安然无事者，以阳气未动耳。殆至春气
发越，阳气微上而刚强，阴气微下而柔弱，俨然有阳刚阴柔之气象，而风得阳气，发于外而荡于中，昔之所伤于寒，
皆为之吹嘘而出，至此而所谓寒者，宜变而为温矣。或有冬不藏精而病温者。夫不藏精
则肾气内亏，一触春令时气，即易内染。凡春病温者，谓由于少阴之伏寒可，谓冬伤寒水之藏，至春易
染时气，而不尽由于冬时之伏寒也亦可。彼拘于一说谓春之温病，必由于冬之伏寒，因而执伤寒法
以治之者，其失在于泥古。至叶香岩氏有病温始于上焦之论，一以轻清辛凉，为治时感温病之法。然
伏气之说，叶氏幼科要略亦常言之。陈平伯吴鞠通辈，立论专主时感，而于伏气之理，泯然罔知，殆庸
陋疏谬之甚者矣。
(评改门人吴玉纯稿）
伤寒下利为病深，温邪下利为病浅。盖伤寒寒伤于外，利则外者陷里，有结胸痞硬之变。温邪热蒸于
内，不得外解，必从下泄，泄则热有出路，而不能为大患。特是泄利之中，有但热者，有热而挟湿者，有热
而挟积者，有热结而水旁流者，苟非辨之于先，何以死机立断。大抵泄之由于热者，必溏薄鲜黄，肛门
灼热，直注难忍，经所谓暴注下迫，皆属于热也。泄之由于湿陷者，则必混浊如黑豆之汁，如酱之色，迥
不若热之出黄如糜也。其气不化积者，则频转矢气，或腹胀作痛，或欲解不爽，不似热泄之暴下如注，
湿泄之肠鸣贲响也。至热结旁流而泄者，则纯利稀水，并无粪杂，或兼热炽，或兼拒按，更不似热之稠
黄，湿之粘腻，更不似气不化积之欲解不畅也。其病之主于脏腑奈何。曰、热泄属肺，肺热遗于大肠也。
湿热属脾，脾湿下溜也。气不化积，热结旁流者，皆属肠胃，肠胃之燥粪郁塞，而邪热胶固也。若夫邪入
少阴而自利清水，色纯青，咽干口燥，胸满心烦，咳呕不眠诸症，义蕴精深，尚有未易缕析者。
（评改门人江菊人的稿件）
冬季气候闭塞，其功能在于闭藏；春季气候宣通发散，其功能在于活动。之所以感受寒邪后不立即发病，是因为当时外界气候闭塞，体内的阳气也随之闭藏于内。既然感受了寒邪，到了春季必定会发病，是因为此时外界气候宣发，体内的阳气也随之宣发于外。受了寒邪反而发生温病，难道不是寒极生热的道理吗？况且水本无声，风吹则鸣。在五行之中，冬季对应寒与水，春季对应风与木。冬季感受寒邪而安然无恙的，是因为阳气尚未萌动。等到春气勃发，阳气微微上升而变得刚强，阴气微微下降而变得柔弱，俨然呈现出阳刚阴柔的气象。风借助阳气，向外发散并向内激荡，过去所受的寒邪，都被吹嘘而出，到了这个时候，所谓的寒邪，应当转变为温邪了。也有因为冬季没有固藏精气而患温病的。如果不藏精，肾气就会在内亏损，一旦接触到春季的时行疫气，就容易从内部感染。凡是春季发生的温病，说它是由少阴经潜伏的寒邪所致是可以的，或者说冬季寒水当令之时未能正常闭藏，到了春季容易感染时行疫气，而不完全是由于冬季潜伏的寒邪所致，这也是可以的。那些拘泥于一种说法，认为春季的温病必定是由于冬季潜伏的寒邪所致，因而固执地用治疗伤寒的方法来治疗的人，他们的错误在于拘泥古法。至于叶天士氏有关于温病始于上焦的论述，主张用轻清辛凉的药物作为治疗时行感邪温病的方法。然而，关于伏气的理论，叶天士在《幼科要略》中也经常提及。陈平伯、吴鞠通等人，立论专门侧重于时行感邪，而对于伏气的理论，却茫然无知，这大概是庸俗浅陋、荒谬严重的表现了。
(评改门人吴玉纯的稿件）
伤寒引起的下利属于病位深重的情况，温邪引起的下利属于病位较浅的情况。大概是因为伤寒是寒邪伤于体表，出现下利则是表邪陷入体内，会产生结胸、痞硬等变证。温邪的热气蒸腾于体内，不能向外解表，必然从下面排泄出去，下利则热有出路，不会造成大的祸患。特别是这种下利之中，有的只是单纯发热，有的热中夹杂湿邪，有的热中夹杂积滞，有的热结导致水液旁流，如果不是事先加以辨别，怎么能果断地判断生死之机呢？大抵来说，由于热引起的下利，大便一定稀薄且颜色鲜黄，肛门灼热，急迫难忍，正如经文所说“暴注下迫，皆属于热”。由于湿邪下陷引起的下利，大便一定浑浊如黑豆汁，像酱一样的颜色，完全不像热泄那样排出如糜粥般的黄色粪便。由于气机不化、积滞内停引起的下利，则频繁放屁，或者腹胀疼痛，或者想排便却排不干净，不像热泄那样暴泻如注，也不像湿泄那样肠鸣辘辘作响。至于热结旁流引起的下利，则纯粹排泄稀水，并没有粪便混杂其中，或者兼见热势炽盛，或者腹部拒按，更不像热泄那样稠黄，湿泄那样粘腻，更不像气不化积那样想排却排不畅。这些病症主要涉及哪些脏腑呢？回答说：热泄归属于肺，是肺热波及大肠所致。湿热泄归属于脾，是脾湿下注所致。气不化积和热结旁流的泄泻，都归属于肠胃，是肠胃中的燥屎郁结堵塞，导致邪热胶固难解。如果邪气侵入少阴经而出现自利清水，颜色纯青，咽干口燥，胸满心烦，咳嗽呕吐失眠等症状，其中的义理精深微妙，还有不容易逐一分析清楚的地方。
(Commentary on the manuscript by disciple Jiang Juren)
In winter, the climate is closed and obstructed; its function lies in storage (Cang). In spring, the climate is open and dispersing; its function lies in movement. The reason why one does not fall ill immediately after being injured by cold (Han) is that because the external climate is closed, the internal Yang Qi also remains closed within. Since one has been injured by cold, illness will inevitably occur in spring because the external climate is dispersing, and thus the internal Yang Qi also disperses outward. To contract cold yet subsequently develop a warm disease (Wen Bing) — is this not the principle of extreme cold generating heat? Furthermore, water is silent until agitated by wind. Among the Five Elements (Wu Xing), winter corresponds to cold and Water, while spring corresponds to wind and Wood. One may remain unharmed after contracting cold in winter because the Yang Qi has not yet stirred. However, when the Qi of spring erupts, Yang Qi rises slightly and becomes rigid and strong, while Yin Qi descends slightly and becomes soft and weak, presenting an apparent imagery of Yang rigidity and Yin softness. Wind, aided by Yang Qi, disperses outward and agitates inward; the cold contracted previously is all blown out. At this juncture, what was previously cold should transform into warmth. There are also cases where failure to store essence (Jing) during winter leads to warm disease. If essence is not stored, Kidney Qi is deficient internally; upon contact with the seasonal pathogenic factors of spring, internal infection occurs easily. Regarding warm diseases occurring in spring, it is acceptable to attribute them to latent cold in the Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) channel. It is also acceptable to state that due to the failure of proper storage during the Cold-Water season of winter, one is prone to infecting seasonal pathogens in spring, rather than attributing it entirely to latent cold from winter. Those who adhere rigidly to the view that spring warm diseases must stem from winter latent cold, and consequently insist on treating them using methods for cold damage (Shang Han), err by being pedantic about ancient texts. As for Ye Tianshi’s theory that warm diseases begin in the Upper Jiao (Upper Burner), advocating light, clear, acrid-cool herbs as the method for treating seasonal infectious warm diseases: however, the concept of latent Qi is also frequently discussed by Ye Tianshi in his *Essentials of Pediatrics* (*Youke Yaolue*). Chen Pingbo and Wu Jutong, among others, established theories focusing exclusively on seasonal infections, remaining ignorant of the principles of latent Qi; this represents a severe degree of mediocrity, shallowness, and absurdity.
(Commentary on the manuscript by disciple Wu Yuchun)
Diarrhea caused by Shang Han (Cold Damage) indicates a deep-seated disease, whereas diarrhea caused by Wen Xie (Warm Pathogens) indicates a superficial disease. Generally, Shang Han involves cold injuring the exterior; when diarrhea occurs, the exterior pathogen sinks inward, leading to complications such as Jie Xiong (Chest Binding) or Pi Ying (Epigastric Fullness and Hardness). Warm pathogens cause heat to steam internally; unable to resolve via the exterior, they must exit through the lower orifices. Diarrhea provides an outlet for the heat, preventing major catastrophe. However, within diarrhea, there are cases of pure heat, heat mixed with dampness, heat mixed with accumulation, and heat binding with peripheral flow of fluids. Without prior differentiation, how can one decisively determine the critical signs of life and death? Broadly speaking, diarrhea caused by heat presents as loose, bright yellow stools, burning sensation at the anus, and urgent, unbearable defecation, consistent with the classic saying: "Acute diarrhea with tenesmus belongs to heat." Diarrhea caused by sinking dampness presents as turbid stool resembling black bean juice or sauce color, distinctly different from the porridge-like yellow stool of heat diarrhea. Diarrhea caused by Qi transformation failure and accumulation presents with frequent flatus, abdominal distension and pain, or incomplete evacuation, unlike the torrential flow of heat diarrhea or the rumbling bowel sounds of damp diarrhea. Diarrhea caused by heat binding with peripheral flow presents as pure watery discharge without fecal matter, possibly accompanied by intense heat or abdominal tenderness/rejection, differing further from the thick yellow of heat, the sticky nature of dampness, and the incomplete passage of Qi stagnation. How do these diseases primarily affect the Zang-Fu organs? It is said: Heat diarrhea belongs to the Lung, where lung heat transmits to the Large Intestine. Damp-heat diarrhea belongs to the Spleen, where spleen dampness flows downward. Qi transformation failure and heat binding with peripheral flow belong to the Stomach and Intestines, where dry feces in the intestines are obstructed, causing pathogenic heat to become firmly entrenched. If pathogenic factors enter the Shaoyin channel, presenting with spontaneous purging of clear water, pure green color, dry throat and mouth, chest fullness, vexation, cough, vomiting, and insomnia, the underlying principles are profound and difficult to analyze item by item.