凡兽北向自死，及死不僵而伏地者，不可食。
凡兽自死，或瘟疫疮疥死，及被箭死者，不可食。
凡兽肉中有如朱点者，得咸酢不变色者、落水浮者、堕地不沾尘者、经宿尚暖者、曝炙不燥者、久煮不熟者、煮熟
不敛水者、热血不断者、久藏米瓮中者、祭肉自动者，皆有大毒，并杀人。（以上俱《本草拾遗》）
鱼类 鲤鱼发风热。凡一切风病，及痈疽疮疥、疟痢，俱不可食。（《食鉴》）患膈HT 翻胃者，愈后食之，复
发
难救。（《杨氏梓送方》）
青鱼不可合生胡荽、生葵、菜豆、霍麦酱同食。（《本经》）
鲩鱼（俗名草鱼、又名池鱼）能发诸疮。（《延寿书》）
鲢鱼多食，令人热中发渴，又发疮疥。（《食疗》）
鲫鱼多食动火。同芥菜食，成肿。同猪肝鸡肉食生痈。（《张鼎本草》）患香港脚人食之，久不愈。（《同寿 》）
鲥鱼多食染瘟疫，小儿不宜食。（《日食方物》）
鲚鱼助火生痰，发疥不可食。（同上）
鱼赤目赤须者，杀人。
白鱼发脓，有疮疖人不可食。经宿者，令人腹冷。（《石氏》）与枣同食患腰痛。（《陶氏》）
鲂鱼（大者即 鱼），疳痢人勿食。（《蜀本草》）
鲈鱼发 癖疮肿。（《传信》）肝不可食，剥人面皮。
鲟鱼多食心痛腰痛。合笋食成瘫痪。（《会编》）
鳜鱼有十二骨，每月一骨，有毒杀人。（《寿世青编》）
河 毒之所在腹之子、目之睛、春之血，有损无益。浸血不尽，有紫赤斑眼者，及误破伤子，或修治不如法，误染
屋尘者，俱胀杀人。凡服荆芥、菊花、附子、乌头之人，食之必死。（同上）
鲳 腹中子毒，令人下痢。（同上）
鳗鲡水行昂头者，背有白点者，腹下有黑斑者，无腮者，重四五斤者，俱不可食。（《拾遗》）
（即黄鱼）滑肠动火。今所名黄鱼者，石首鱼也。（《食鉴》）患肺疽者，终身戒食。（《全生后集》）
（俗作虾）无须，及腹下通黑，壳反白者，不宜食。（《四声》）
（俗名黄鳝）大而黑者，通身浮水上者，项下有黑点者，昂头出水二三寸者，皆有毒杀人。（同上）
补，有毒不可食诸鱼 凡鱼头正白，如连珠至脊上，食之杀人。
凡鱼头中无腮者，食之杀人。
凡鱼头似有角者，不可食之。
凡鱼目合者，不可食之。
凡鱼无肠胆者，不可食之，三年阴不起，女子绝生。
凡鱼投地，尘土不污者，不可食之。
凡鱼狗不食、鸟不啄者，不可食之。
凡鱼 ，不可合小豆藿（即小豆叶也）食之。
凡鱼子不可合猪肝食之。以上俱《金匮要略》）
介类 鳖冷而难消，脾虚者大忌。（《从新》）凡足赤、三足、头足不缩、独目赤目、目凹陷、腹下红、或生王
字
形及有蛇纹者，皆蛇化也，不可食。（《拾遗》）
蟹未被霜者，食之伤中败胃，动风，大伤阴血。（《广利》） 凡背有黑点生，脚不全，独螯独目，两目相向，目赤足
斑，
腹下有毛，腹中有骨者，并杀人。（《拾遗》）
蚌多食，发风动冷气。（《衍义》）
蚬多食，发嗽生痰及冷气，消肾。（《食治》）
蛤蜊多食，令人腹结痛。（《别 》）
淡菜多食，令人烦闷，发丹石毒。（《食鉴》）
虫类 蜂蜜（俗名蜂糖，生岩石者名岩蜜，亦名石蜜），大肠虚滑者，虽熟蜜亦在禁例。酸者食之，令人心烦。
同葱食害人。食蜜饱后，不可食酢，令人暴亡。（《从新》）
黄蜡误杂于鸡肉内者，食之令人气塞而死。（《类钞》）
总补∶有毒不可食诸物 凡酒及水，照见人影动者，不可饮之。
饮酒食生苍耳，令人心痛。
饮酒大醉，炙腹背，令人肠结。
秽饭、馁肉、臭鱼，食之皆伤人。
蜘蛛落食中，不可食之。
蜂蝇虫蚁等，多集食上，食之致 。（以上俱《金匮要略》）
鸡鱼诸肉经宿者，不再煮，勿食，食之吐泻作胀。
诸肉汁藏器中，不泄气者，食之令人腹胀吐泻。以铜器盖，铜生汗，滴下亦毒。
饮食放露天，飞丝堕其内，食之喉肿生泡。
烈日晒热瓷器，不可便放食物，食之有损无益。
铜罐内贮茶水，锡瓶内盛烧酒，经宿看，渴甚不可饮。（以上俱《本草食鉴》）
米饭面粉之类，如遗入水缸内，致生毛衣者，人若误食，多生痈毒。
久晴甫雨，屋檐水不可供人饮食。要知屋上每多蛛尿猫粪等秽，壁虎、蜈蚣虫涎诸毒，食之不独不洁，且生疽生病，
须遇大雨冲流之后，方可无忌也。
有雷雨水，不可供食。雷有焰毒，凡有雷之时，其雨水饮之，腹胀生病。（以上俱《传家宝》）
小满、芒种、白露三节内，水并有毒，人饮之，易生脾胃病。（《陶氏别 》）
屋漏水，滴物上，有大毒，茅舍漏尤甚。菜在檐下滴水处者，亦不可食。
花瓶水有大毒，不可食。若浸蜡梅花者，尤能杀人。（二说俱《慈惠小编》）
凡是向北而死、死后身体不僵硬而伏在地上的野兽，都不能吃。
凡是野兽自然死亡，或因瘟疫、疮疥病死亡，以及被箭射死的，都不能吃。
凡是兽肉中有像朱砂点一样的斑点，遇到咸醋不变色的；落入水中能浮起来的；掉在地上不沾灰尘的；过夜后仍然温暖的；暴晒或烤炙后不干燥的；长时间煮仍不熟的；煮熟后不收缩出水的；热血流不断的；长期存放在米缸中的；祭祀用的肉自动跳动的，都有大毒，都会致人死亡。（以上均出自《本草拾遗》）
鱼类：鲤鱼会诱发风热。凡是有各种风病，以及痈疽疮疥、疟疾痢疾的人，都不可吃。（出自《食鉴》）患有膈噎翻胃病的人，痊愈后如果吃了它，病情复发则难以救治。（出自《杨氏梓送方》）
青鱼不可与生胡荽（香菜）、生葵菜、菜豆、霍麦酱一起食用。（出自《本经》）
鲩鱼（俗名草鱼，又名池鱼）能诱发各种疮疡。（出自《延寿书》）
鲢鱼多吃，会让人内热加重并感到口渴，还会诱发疮疥。（出自《食疗》）
鲫鱼多吃会动火。与芥菜一起吃，会导致肿胀。与猪肝、鸡肉一起吃会生痈疽。（出自《张鼎本草》）患脚气病的人吃了它，久治不愈。（出自《同寿》）
鲥鱼多吃会感染瘟疫，小儿不宜吃。（出自《日食方物》）
鲚鱼助火生痰，诱发疥疮，不可吃。（同上）
眼睛红、胡须红的鱼，会致人死亡。
白鱼会化脓，有疮疖的人不可吃。隔夜的白鱼，会让人腹部发冷。（出自《石氏》）与枣一起吃会患腰痛。（出自《陶氏》）
鲂鱼（大的就是鳊鱼），患疳积痢疾的人不要吃。（出自《蜀本草》）
鲈鱼会诱发癖块疮肿。（出自《传信》）其肝不可吃，据说能剥人的面皮。
鲟鱼多吃会心痛腰痛。与笋一起吃会导致瘫痪。（出自《会编》）
鳜鱼有十二根骨头，每个月对应一根骨头，有毒，会致人死亡。（出自《寿世青编》）
河豚的毒在于腹中的子（卵）、眼睛里的睛珠、春季时的血，只有损害没有益处。浸泡时血未洗净，有紫红色斑点和眼睛的，或者误破伤及鱼子，或者处理不符合规范，误染上屋尘的，都会导致腹胀而死。凡是服用荆芥、菊花、附子、乌头的人，吃了河豚必死无疑。（同上）
鲳鱼腹中的子有毒，会让人下痢。（同上）
鳗鲡在水中游动时昂着头、背上有白点、腹下有黑斑、没有腮、体重四五斤的，都不可吃。（出自《拾遗》）
黄鱼（即石首鱼）滑肠动火。现在所说的黄鱼就是石首鱼。（出自《食鉴》）患有肺痈的人，终身戒食。（出自《全生后集》）
虾（俗作虾），没有须，以及腹部通体发黑、壳反而白的，不宜吃。（出自《四声》）
黄鳝（俗名黄鳝），体型大而黑的，全身浮在水面上的，脖子下有黑点的，昂头出水二三寸的，都有毒，会致人死亡。（同上）
补益类：有毒不可食用的各种鱼。凡是鱼头正白色，像连珠一样延伸到脊背上的，吃了会致人死亡。
凡是鱼头中没有腮的，吃了会致人死亡。
凡是鱼头看起来像有角的，不可吃。
凡是鱼眼睛闭合的，不可吃。
凡是鱼没有肠子和胆的，不可吃，吃了三年阳气不起，女子绝育。
凡是鱼扔在地上，尘土弄不脏它的，不可吃。
凡是狗不吃、鸟不啄的鱼，不可吃。
凡是鱼，不可与小豆藿（即小豆叶）一起食用。
凡是鱼子不可与猪肝一起食用。（以上均出自《金匮要略》）
介类（甲壳/软体动物）：鳖性冷且难消化，脾虚者大忌。（出自《从新》）凡是脚是红色的、三只脚的、头足不能缩回的、单眼红、眼睛凹陷、腹部发红、或者生有“王”字形纹路及有蛇纹的，都是蛇变的，不可吃。（出自《拾遗》）
螃蟹未经过霜冻的，吃了会损伤中气败坏胃气，诱发风邪，严重损伤阴血。（出自《广利》）凡是背上长黑点、脚不全、独螯独目、两只眼睛相对、眼睛红脚有斑纹、腹部有毛、腹中有骨的，都会致人死亡。（出自《拾遗》）
蚌多吃，会诱发风邪和冷气。（出自《衍义》）
蚬多吃，会诱发咳嗽生痰及冷气，损耗肾气。（出自《食治》）
蛤蜊多吃，会让人腹部结聚疼痛。（出自《别录》）
淡菜（干制贻贝）多吃，会让人烦闷，诱发丹石毒。（出自《食鉴》）
虫类：蜂蜜（俗名蜂糖，生长在岩石上的叫岩蜜，也叫石蜜），大肠虚滑的人，即使是熟蜜也在禁忌之列。酸味的蜜吃了，会让人心烦。与葱一起吃有害人。吃饱蜂蜜后，不可吃醋，否则会突然死亡。（出自《从新》）
黄蜡误混在鸡肉里，吃了会让人气机闭塞而死。（出自《类钞》）
总补：有毒不可食用的各种物品。凡是酒和水，照见人影晃动的，不可饮用。
饮酒时吃生的苍耳，会让人心痛。
饮酒大醉后，烧烤腹部背部，会让人肠结。
馊饭、腐肉、臭鱼，吃了都伤人。
蜘蛛落在食物中，不可吃。
蜜蜂苍蝇虫子蚂蚁等，大量聚集在食物上，吃了会导致……（原文此处似有缺字，意为致病）。以上均出自《金匮要略》。
鸡鱼肉等肉类隔夜后，不再加热煮沸，勿吃，吃了会呕吐腹泻腹胀。
各种肉汁藏在容器中，不散发气味的，吃了会让人腹胀吐泻。如果用铜器盖住，铜器表面出汗滴落下来也有毒。
饮食放在露天处，飞丝掉进里面，吃了喉咙会肿胀起泡。
烈日晒热的瓷器，不可立刻放食物，吃了有损无益。
铜罐里储存茶水，锡瓶里盛烧酒，过夜再看，即使很渴也不可喝。（以上均出自《本草食鉴》）
米饭面粉之类，如果遗落在大水缸里，导致长出霉菌毛发的，人若误食，多会长痈毒。
久晴刚下雨时，屋檐下的雨水不可供人饮食。要知道屋顶上常有蛛尿猫粪等污秽，壁虎、蜈蚣虫涎等各种毒素，吃了不仅不干净，而且会生疽生病，必须等到大雨冲刷之后，才可以无忌讳地饮用。
雷雨水，不可供食用。雷电有焰毒，凡是有雷电的时候，饮用的雨水会引起腹胀生病。（以上均出自《传家宝》）
在小满、芒种、白露三个节气期间，水都有毒，人喝了容易生脾胃病。（出自《陶氏别录》）
屋漏水，滴在物体上，有大毒，茅草屋的漏水尤其严重。长在屋檐滴水处的蔬菜，也不可以吃。
花瓶里的水有大毒，不可吃。如果是浸泡了蜡梅花的，更能致人死亡。（两种说法均出自《慈惠小编》）
Any beast that dies facing north, or dies without stiffening but lies prostrate on the ground, must not be eaten.
Any beast that dies naturally, or dies from plague, sores, or scabies, or is killed by an arrow, must not be eaten.
Any beast meat containing spots like cinnabar dots that do not change color when exposed to salty vinegar; that floats in water; that does not touch dust when dropped on the ground; that remains warm overnight; that does not dry out when sun-dried or roasted; that does not cook thoroughly after long boiling; that does not shrink and release water after cooking; where hot blood flows continuously; that has been stored for a long time in a rice jar; or sacrificial meat that moves spontaneously—all possess great toxicity and can cause death. (All above from *Bencao Shiyi*)
Fish: Carp induces wind-heat. It must not be eaten by anyone suffering from various wind diseases, as well as carbuncles, sores, scabies, malaria, or dysentery. (From *Shi Jian*) For those suffering from ge yi (dysphagia with regurgitation), eating it after recovery will cause relapse, which is difficult to save. (From *Yang Shi Zisong Fang*)
Black carp must not be eaten together with raw coriander, raw okra, bean curd beans, or huomai sauce. (From *Ben Jing*)
Grass carp (commonly known as caoyu, also called chi fish) can induce various sores. (From *Yanshu*)
Silver carp, if eaten in excess, causes internal heat and thirst, and induces sores and scabies. (From *Shiliao*)
Crucian carp, if eaten in excess, stirs up fire. Eating it with mustard greens causes swelling. Eating it with pig liver or chicken meat induces carbuncles. (From *Zhang Ding Bencao*) Those suffering from jiaoxie (foot disease/gout) who eat it will find their condition lingering and unhealed. (From *Tongshou*)
Hilsa herring, if eaten in excess, predisposes one to epidemic diseases; children should not eat it. (From *Rishi Fangwu*)
Coilia nasus promotes fire and generates phlegm, inducing scabies; it must not be eaten. (Ibid.)
Fish with red eyes and red whiskers are lethal.
White fish induces pus formation; those with sores and boils must not eat it. Overnight white fish causes coldness in the abdomen. (From *Shi Shi*) Eating it with dates causes lower back pain. (From *Tao Shi*)
Mandarin fish (the large ones are bream); those suffering from gan li (childhood malnutrition with diarrhea) should not eat it. (From *Shu Bencao*)
Sea bass induces pi masses and carbuncle swellings. (From *Chuanxin*) Its liver must not be eaten; legend says it can peel human skin.
Sturgeon, if eaten in excess, causes heartache and lower back pain. Eating it with bamboo shoots leads to paralysis. (From *Huibian*)
Mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) has twelve bones, one corresponding to each month; they are toxic and lethal. (From *Shoushi Qingbian*)
The poison of pufferfish lies in its roe, its eye lenses, and its blood in spring; it only harms and offers no benefit. If the blood is not fully drained during soaking, leaving purple-red spots and eyes, or if the roe is accidentally damaged, or if preparation is improper, or if house dust contaminates it, it causes abdominal distension and death. Anyone taking Schizonepeta, Chrysanthemum, Aconitum lateralare preparatum, or Aconitum carmichaelii Debx. will certainly die if they eat pufferfish. (Ibid.)
The roe in pomfret is toxic and causes diarrhea. (Ibid.)
Eels that swim with heads raised, have white spots on their backs, black patches on their bellies, lack gills, and weigh four to five jin must not be eaten. (From *Shiyi*)
Yellow croaker lubricates the intestines and stirs up fire. The yellow croaker referred to today is the Johnius belangerii (stonehead fish). (From *Shi Jian*) Those suffering from fei yong (lung abscess) must abstain from it for life. (From *Quansheng Houji*)
Shrimp (colloquially written as xia), those without whiskers, with uniformly black bellies, and shells that are conversely white, are unsuitable for consumption. (From *Sisheng*)
Swamp eel (common name huangshan), those that are large and black, float entirely on the water surface, have black spots under the neck, or raise their heads two to three inches out of the water, are all toxic and lethal. (Ibid.)
Supplements: Various toxic fish that must not be eaten. Any fish with a head that is purely white, resembling a string of pearls extending to the spine, is lethal if eaten.
Any fish lacking gills in its head is lethal if eaten.
Any fish whose head resembles having horns must not be eaten.
Any fish with closed eyes must not be eaten.
Any fish lacking intestines and gallbladder must not be eaten; consuming it results in impotence for three years and sterility in women.
Any fish that, when thrown on the ground, does not get dirty with dust must not be eaten.
Any fish that dogs refuse to eat and birds refuse to peck must not be eaten.
Any fish must not be eaten with xiaoduo huo (leaves of small beans).
Any fish roe must not be eaten with pig liver. (All above from *Jingui Yaolue*)
Shellfish/Mollusks: Soft-shelled turtle is cold and hard to digest; it is strictly contraindicated for those with spleen deficiency. (From *Congxin*) Any turtle with red feet, three feet, head and limbs that cannot retract, a single red eye, sunken eyes, red belly, or patterns resembling the character "Wang" or snake scales are transformations of snakes and must not be eaten. (From *Shiyi*)
Crabs that have not been exposed to frost damage the middle jiao and stomach, induce wind, and severely injure yin blood. (From *Guangli*) Any crab with black spots on its back, incomplete legs, a single claw, single eye, eyes facing each other, red eyes with spotted legs, hair on the belly, or bone in the belly is lethal. (From *Shiyi*)
Clams, if eaten in excess, induce wind and stir up cold qi. (From *Yanyi*)
Corbicula clams, if eaten in excess, induce cough, generate phlegm, and stir up cold qi, depleting kidney essence. (From *Shizhi*)
Venerupis philippinarum, if eaten in excess, causes abdominal knotting and pain. (From *Bielu*)
Dried mussels, if eaten in excess, cause restlessness and induce danshi toxicity. (From *Shi Jian*)
Insects: Honey (commonly named fengtang; honey produced on rocks is called yanmi, also shimi). For those with deficient and slippery large intestines, even cooked honey is prohibited. Acidic honey causes mental restlessness. Eating it with green onion harms people. After eating honey until full, one must not consume vinegar, as it causes sudden death. (From *Congxin*)
Beeswax mistakenly mixed into chicken meat causes qi obstruction and death if eaten. (From *Leichao*)
General Supplements: Various toxic substances that must not be eaten. Any wine or water that shows a moving reflection of a person must not be drunk.
Drinking alcohol while eating raw Xanthium sibiricum causes heart pain.
Getting drunk on alcohol and then roasting the abdomen and back causes intestinal obstruction.
Spoiled rice, putrefied meat, and smelly fish all harm the body when eaten.
If a spider falls into food, it must not be eaten.
Bees, flies, insects, ants, etc., gathering in large numbers on food causes [illness] if eaten. (All above from *Jingui Yaolue*)
Chicken, fish, and other meats left overnight, if not re-boiled, must not be eaten; eating them causes vomiting, diarrhea, and distension.
Meat juices stored in containers that do not release vapor cause abdominal distension and vomiting/diarrhea if eaten. Covering with copper vessels causes copper sweat to drip down, which is also toxic.
Food placed outdoors where flying filaments fall into it causes throat swelling and blistering if eaten.
Ceramics heated by the scorching sun must not immediately hold food; eating from them is harmful and offers no benefit.
Tea stored in copper pots and liquor stored in tin bottles, viewed overnight, must not be drunk even if extremely thirsty. (All above from *Bencao Shijian*)
Rice, flour, and similar items that fall into water vats and grow mold/fuzz cause carbuncles and toxins if mistakenly eaten.
After a long dry spell followed by rain, roof runoff water must not be used for drinking or cooking. One must know that roofs often contain spider urine, cat feces, and other filth, as well as toxins from gecko and centipede secretions. Eating this is not only unclean but also causes carbuncles and diseases. Only after heavy rain washes it away can it be consumed without taboo.
Rainwater from thunderstorms must not be used for food. Lightning carries flame toxicity; drinking rainwater during thunderstorms causes abdominal distension and illness. (All above from *Chuanjia Bao*)
During the solar terms Xiaoman, Mangzhong, and Bailu, water is toxic; drinking it easily causes spleen and stomach diseases. (From *Tao Shi Biegu*)
Roof leak water dripping on objects has great toxicity, especially from thatched houses. Vegetables growing under eaves where water drips must not be eaten.
Water in flower vases has great toxicity and must not be eaten. Water infused with winter jasmine flowers is particularly lethal. (Both sayings from *Cihui Xiao Bian*)