小儿热证有七∶面腮红、大便秘、小便黄、渴不止、上气急、足心热、眼红赤，此皆实
小儿寒证有七∶面 白、粪青白、肚虚胀喜按、眼珠青、吐泻无热、足胫冷、睡露睛
舌乃心之苗。红紫，心热也；肿黑，心火极也；淡白，虚也。鼻准与牙床，乃脾之窍。
鼻红燥，脾热也；惨黄，败也。牙床红肿，热也；破烂，胃火也。唇乃脾之窍。红紫，热也
；淡白，虚也；黑者，脾将绝也。口右扯，肝风也；左扯，脾之痰也。鼻孔肺之窍。干燥，
热也；流清涕，寒也。耳与齿，乃肾之窍。耳鸣，气不和也；耳流脓，肾热也；齿如黄豆，
肾气绝也。目乃肝之窍。斜视而睛转者，风也；直视而睛不转者，肝气将绝也。以目分言之
，又属五脏之窍。黑珠属肝，纯是黄白，凶证也。白珠属肺，色青，肝风侮肺也；淡黄色，
腑有积滞也；老黄色，乃肺受湿热也。瞳仁属肾，无光彩又兼发黄，肾气虚也。大角属大肠
，破烂，肺有风也；小角属小肠，破烂，心有热也。上胞属脾，肿则脾伤也；下胞属胃，青
色胃有风也。睡而露睛者，脾胃虚极也。面有五位，五脏各有所属。额属心，离火也；左腮
属肝，震木也；右腮属肺，兑金也；口下属肾，坎水也；鼻准属脾，坤土也。五脏里也，六
腑表也。小肠，心之表，小便黄短涩痛，心热也；清长而利，心虚也。胃乃脾之表，唇红而
吐，胃热也；唇惨白而吐，胃虚也；唇色平常而吐，作伤胃论。大肠肺之表，闭结，肺有火
也；肺无热而便闭，血枯也，不可攻下；脱肛，肺虚。胆乃肝之表，口苦，胆火也；闻声作
惊，肝虚也。膀胱肾之表，筋肿筋痛，肾之寒气入膀胱也。面有五色，红病在心，面红者热
；青病在肝，面青者痛；黄病在脾，面黄者脾伤；白病在肺，面白者中寒；黑病在肾，面黑
而无润色者，肾气败也。望其色，若异于平日，而苗窍之色，与面色不相符，则脏腑虚实，
无有不验者矣。
小儿的热证有七种表现：面颊腮部发红、大便干结不通、小便颜色黄、口渴不止、气逆喘息急促、脚心发热、眼睛红赤，这些都属于实证。
小儿的寒证也有七种表现：面色苍白、粪便呈青白色、腹部虚胀且喜欢被按压、眼珠发青、呕吐腹泻但没有发热、小腿和足胫发冷、睡觉时眼睛半睁露出黑眼球（睡露睛）。
舌是心的外候。舌色红紫，说明心有热；舌体肿胀且发黑，说明心火极盛；舌色淡白，说明正气虚弱。鼻头与牙龈，是脾的外候。鼻头红而干燥，说明脾有热；面色惨黄，说明脾胃败坏。牙龈红肿，是有热；牙龈破烂，是胃火所致。嘴唇是脾的外候。唇色红紫，是有热；唇色淡白，是虚证；唇色发黑，说明脾气即将断绝。口角向右歪斜，是肝风内动；向左歪斜，是脾经有痰。鼻孔是肺的外候。鼻孔干燥，是有热；流清鼻涕，是有寒。耳朵和牙齿，是肾的外候。耳鸣，是气机不和；耳流脓水，是肾热；牙齿枯槁如黄豆大小，是肾气将绝。眼睛是肝的外候。眼睛斜视且眼球转动，是受风邪；眼睛直视且眼球不转动，是肝气将绝。单从眼睛来看，又属于五脏的外候。黑眼球属肝，如果黑眼球消失纯显黄白色，是凶险的证候。白眼球属肺，如果白眼球色青，是肝风侵犯肺脏；淡黄色，是腑中有积滞；老黄色，是肺受到湿热侵袭。瞳孔属肾，如果没有光彩并且兼发黄，是肾气虚。大眼角属大肠，如果破烂，是肺有风邪；小眼角属小肠，如果破烂，是心有热。上眼睑属脾，如果肿胀，是脾受伤；下眼睑属胃，如果呈青色，是胃有风邪。睡觉时眼睛半睁露出黑眼球，是脾胃极度虚弱。面部有五个部位，分别对应五脏。额头属心，对应离火；左腮属肝，对应震木；右腮属肺，对应兑金；口下属肾，对应坎水；鼻头属脾，对应坤土。五脏在里，六腑在表。小肠是心的表里关系，如果小便黄短涩痛，是心热；如果小便清长通畅，是心虚。胃是脾的表里关系，如果嘴唇红且呕吐，是胃热；如果嘴唇惨白且呕吐，是胃虚；如果嘴唇颜色正常但呕吐，按伤食论治胃。大肠是肺的表里关系，如果便秘，是肺有火；如果肺无热但大便闭结，是血枯，不可攻下；如果脱肛，是肺虚。胆是肝的表里关系，如果口苦，是胆火；如果听到声音就惊吓，是肝虚。膀胱是肾的表里关系，如果筋肿筋痛，是肾的寒气侵入膀胱。面部有五色，红色病在心，面红者多为热证；青色病在肝，面青者多为疼痛；黄色病在脾，面黄者多为脾伤；白色病在肺，面白者多为中寒；黑色病在肾，面黑且没有润泽光泽的，是肾气败坏。观察面色，如果异于平日，且苗窍的颜色与面色不相符合，那么脏腑的虚实情况，就没有不准确的了。
There are seven manifestations of heat syndromes in children: redness of the cheeks, constipation, yellow urine, unquenchable thirst, upward qi rush with rapid breathing, heat in the soles of the feet, and red eyes. These all indicate excess syndromes (Excess Syndrome).
There are also seven manifestations of cold syndromes in children: pale complexion, greenish-white stool, abdominal distension that is empty and prefers pressure, bluish eyeballs, vomiting and diarrhea without fever, cold calves and shins, and sleeping with eyes partially open (Sleeping with Exposed Pupils).
The tongue is the sprout of the Heart. Red or purple color indicates Heart Heat; swelling and blackening indicate extreme Heart Fire; pale white color indicates deficiency. The tip of the nose and the gums are the apertures of the Spleen. Red and dry nose tip indicates Spleen Heat; sallow yellow complexion indicates deterioration. Red and swollen gums indicate Heat; broken gums indicate Stomach Fire. The lips are the aperture of the Spleen. Red or purple lips indicate Heat; pale white lips indicate Deficiency; black lips indicate that Spleen Qi is about to fail. Deviation of the mouth corner to the right indicates Liver Wind; deviation to the left indicates Phlegm in the Spleen. The nostrils are the apertures of the Lung. Dryness indicates Heat; clear nasal discharge indicates Cold. The ears and teeth are the apertures of the Kidney. Tinnitus indicates disharmony of Qi; purulent otorrhea indicates Kidney Heat; teeth resembling soybeans (shrivelled) indicate that Kidney Qi is about to fail. The eyes are the aperture of the Liver. Strabismus with rotating eyeballs indicates Wind; fixed gaze with non-rotating eyeballs indicates that Liver Qi is about to fail. Speaking specifically of the eyes, they also serve as apertures for the Five Zang Organs. The black part of the eye belongs to the Liver; if it is purely yellowish-white, it is a ominous sign. The white part of the eye belongs to the Lung; blueish color indicates Liver Wind invading the Lung; pale yellow indicates accumulation in the Fu organs; dark yellow indicates Lung affected by Damp-Heat. The pupil belongs to the Kidney; lack of luster combined with yellowing indicates Kidney Qi Deficiency. The outer canthus belongs to the Large Intestine; ulceration indicates Wind in the Lung. The inner canthus belongs to the Small Intestine; ulceration indicates Heat in the Heart. The upper eyelid belongs to the Spleen; swelling indicates Spleen injury. The lower eyelid belongs to the Stomach; bluish color indicates Wind in the Stomach. Sleeping with exposed pupils indicates extreme Deficiency of the Spleen and Stomach. There are five areas on the face, each corresponding to a Zang Organ. The forehead belongs to the Heart, associated with Li Fire; the left cheek belongs to the Liver, associated with Zhen Wood; the right cheek belongs to the Lung, associated with Dui Metal; the area below the mouth belongs to the Kidney, associated with Kan Water; the nose tip belongs to the Spleen, associated with Kun Earth. The Five Zang Organs are interior, while the Six Fu Organs are exterior. The Small Intestine is the exterior counterpart of the Heart; yellow, short, painful, and difficult urination indicates Heart Heat; clear, long, and free urination indicates Heart Deficiency. The Stomach is the exterior counterpart of the Spleen; red lips with vomiting indicate Stomach Heat; pale white lips with vomiting indicate Stomach Deficiency; normal lip color with vomiting should be treated as Food Injury affecting the Stomach. The Large Intestine is the exterior counterpart of the Lung; constipation indicates Fire in the Lung; constipation without Lung Heat indicates Blood Withering, and purgatives should not be used; rectal prolapse indicates Lung Deficiency. The Gallbladder is the exterior counterpart of the Liver; bitter taste indicates Gallbladder Fire; startle at sound indicates Liver Deficiency. The Bladder is the exterior counterpart of the Kidney; tendon swelling and pain indicate Cold Qi from the Kidney entering the Bladder. There are five colors on the face: red disease is in the Heart, where a red face indicates Heat; green disease is in the Liver, where a green face indicates Pain; yellow disease is in the Spleen, where a yellow face indicates Spleen Injury; white disease is in the Lung, where a white face indicates Interior Cold; black disease is in the Kidney, where a black face without luster indicates failure of Kidney Qi. Observing the complexion, if it differs from usual, and the color of the facial apertures does not match the facial complexion, then the deficiency or excess of the Zang and Fu organs will be accurately diagnosed.