味苦，平，微温，有毒。主咳逆上气，喉痹咽痛，不得消息，散结气，腹中邪逆，食饮
大热。疗老血在心肝脾间，
咳唾、言语气臭，散胸中热气。久服令人虚。一名乌扇，一名乌蒲
一名草姜。生南阳川谷，生
田野。三月三日采根，阴干。
此即是乌 根，庭坛多种之，黄色，亦疗毒肿。方多作夜干字，今射亦作夜音，乃言其
叶是鸢尾，而复有鸢头，此
盖相似尔，恐非。乌 ，即其叶名矣。又别有射干，相似而花白茎长，似射人之执竿者。故
阮公诗云∶射干临增城。此
不入药用，根亦无块，惟有其质。
〔谨
案
根即鸢头也。陶说由跋，都
论此耳。
味苦，平，有毒。主蛊毒，邪气，鬼疰诸毒，破症瘕积聚大水，下三虫。疗头眩，杀鬼
魅。一名乌园。生九嶷山谷，
五月采。
方家皆云，是夜干苗，无鸢尾之名，主疗亦异，此当别一种物。方亦有用，鸢头者即应
是其根，疗体相似，而本草
不显之。
〔谨案〕此草叶似夜干而阔短，不抽长茎，花紫碧色，根
有小毒，嚼之戟人咽喉，与
夜干全别。人家亦种，所在有之。夜干花红，抽茎长，根黄有臼。今陶云由跋，正说鸢尾根
茎也。
味苦，微寒，有毒。主腹中邪热气，诸毒，杀三虫。去寸白，破症瘕，除头风，止金创。
花疗恶疮，令人泄。一名
贯节，一名贯渠，一名百头，一名虎卷，一名扁苻，一名伯萍，一名乐藻，此谓草鸱头。生
玄山山谷及宛朐又少室。二
月、八月采根，阴干。
菌为之使。近道亦有，叶如大蕨，其根形色毛芒全似老鸱头，故呼为草鸱头也。
【射干】
味苦，性平，微温，有毒。主治咳嗽气逆，喉痹咽痛，呼吸不畅，消散结聚之气，治疗腹中邪气逆乱及饮食积热。治疗心、肝、脾间的陈旧瘀血，以及咳唾、言语气息臭秽，消散胸中热气。长期服用会导致人体虚弱。又名乌扇、乌蒲、草姜。生长于南阳的川谷和田野。三月三日采集根部，阴干。
这就是乌[鸢]的根，庭院和坛边多种植它，花色黄色，也能治疗毒肿。药方中多写作“夜干”字，现在“射”也读作“夜”音，有人说它的叶子是鸢尾，并且有鸢头，这大概是相似罢了，恐怕不对。“乌[鸢]”就是它的叶名了。另外还有一种射干，相似但花白茎长，像射箭的人拿着竿子一样。所以阮公的诗说：“射干临增城。”这种不入药用，根部也没有块状物，只有其质地。
〔谨案〕：[射干]根即鸢头。陶弘景所说的由跋，都是论述这个的。
【鸢尾】
味苦，性平，有毒。主治蛊毒、邪气、鬼疰等各种毒邪，破除症瘕积聚和大水（水肿），驱除三虫。治疗头晕目眩，驱杀鬼魅。又名乌园。生长于九嶷山的山谷中，五月采集。
方书医家都说，这是夜干的苗，没有鸢尾的名字，主要疗效也不同，这应当是另一种药物。药方中也有使用鸢头的，应该就是它的根，治疗作用相似，但《本草》中没有明确区分。
〔谨案〕：这种草叶子像夜干但宽阔短小，不抽出长茎，花呈紫碧色，根有小毒，咀嚼时会刺激咽喉，与夜干完全不同。人家也种植，各地都有。夜干花红，抽出长茎，根黄且有臼状结构。现在陶弘景说的由跋，正是论述鸢尾的根茎。
【贯众】
味苦，微寒，有毒。主治腹中邪热之气和各种毒邪，杀灭三虫。去除寸白虫（绦虫），破除症瘕，消除头风，治愈金创（金属利器造成的伤口）。花能治疗恶疮，但使人腹泻。又名贯节、贯渠、百头、虎卷、扁苻、伯萍、乐藻，这指的是草鸱头。生长在玄山山谷及宛朐、少室等地。二月、八月采集根部，阴干。
菌类为其引经药（使药）。近处也有，叶子像大蕨菜，其根部的颜色形状毛刺完全像老鸱的头，所以称为草鸱头。
[Shegan (Belamcanda Rhizome)]
Bitter in taste, neutral in nature, slightly warm, and toxic. It primarily treats cough with counterflow qi (coughing with upward rushing of qi), throat obstruction (bi-syndrome of the throat) with sore throat, inability to breathe freely, dissipates stagnant qi, treats rebellious evil qi in the abdomen, and excessive heat from food and drink. It cures old blood stasis in the heart, liver, and spleen, coughing up saliva, foul breath odor, and dissipates hot qi in the chest. Long-term use causes debility. Also known as Wushan (Black Fan), Wupu, and Caojiang (Grass Ginger). Grows in the river valleys and fields of Nanyang. The roots are harvested on the third day of the third lunar month and dried in the shade.
This is the root of Wu [Yuan] (Iris tectorum), which is widely planted in courtyards and terraces; its flowers are yellow and it can also treat toxic swellings. Prescriptions often write the character "Ye Gan" (Night Dry), whereas "She" is now pronounced as "Ye". Some say its leaves are those of Iris tectorum and that it possesses an "Iris head", but this is likely due to similarity and may not be correct. "Wu Yuan" refers to its leaf name. There is another type of Shegan that is similar but has white flowers and long stems, resembling a person holding a spear while shooting. Thus, Ruan Gong's poem says: "Shegan overlooks Zengcheng." This variety is not used in medicine; its root lacks tubers and consists only of fibrous texture.
[Note]: The root of Shegan is the Iris head. Tao Hongjing's mention of "Youba" refers to this.
[Iris Tectorum (Tectorum Rhizome)]
Bitter in taste, neutral in nature, and toxic. It primarily treats gu poison (poison caused by magical or venomous means), evil qi, gui zhu (ghostly transmission diseases), and various other toxins. It breaks up zheng jia masses (fixed abdominal masses) and accumulation of water (edema), and expels the three types of parasites. It treats dizziness and drives away demonic influences. Also known as Wuyuan. Grows in the mountain valleys of Jiuyi. Harvested in the fifth lunar month.
Prescription experts state that this is the sprout of Ye Gan (Shegan), without the name of Iris tectorum, and its therapeutic effects differ; thus, it should be considered a different substance. Prescriptions also use the Iris head, which should be its root; their therapeutic properties are similar, but the Materia Medica does not clearly distinguish them.
[Note]: The leaves of this herb resemble those of Ye Gan but are broader and shorter, do not produce long stems, and have purple-green flowers. The root has slight toxicity; chewing it irritates the throat. It is completely different from Ye Gan. It is cultivated by households and found everywhere. Ye Gan has red flowers, produces long stems, and has yellow roots with a hollow center (mortar-like structure). Tao Hongjing's description of "Youba" correctly refers to the rhizome of Iris tectorum.
[Guanzhong (Cyrtomium Rhizome)]
Bitter in taste, slightly cold, and toxic. It primarily treats evil hot qi in the abdomen and various toxins, kills the three types of parasites. It removes inch-white worms (Taenia solium), breaks up zheng jia masses, eliminates wind-head (headache due to wind), and heals metal wounds. The flower treats malignant sores but causes diarrhea. Also known as Guanjie, Guanqu, Baitou, Hujuan, Bianfu, Boping, and Lezao; these refer to Cao Chitou (Grass Owl Head). Grows in the mountain valleys of Xuan Mountain, Wanqu, and Shaoshi. The roots are harvested in the second and eighth lunar months and dried in the shade.
Fungi serve as the guiding herb (shi). It is also found in nearby regions; the leaves resemble large ferns, and the color, shape, and bristles of the root completely resemble the head of an old owl, hence the name Cao Chitou.