味苦，寒，有小毒。主温疾，伤寒大热烦狂，杀三虫，疥疡，利小便水道。根，微寒，
疗蛔虫，利大肠。生荆山山
谷。
处处有，俗人五月五日皆取花叶佩带之，云辟恶。其根以苦酒磨涂疥，甚良。煮汁作糜，食
〔谨案〕此物有两
种，有雄有雌。雄者根赤，无子，有毒，服之多使人吐不能止，时有至死者。雌者根白，有
子，微毒，用当取雌者。
味苦，寒，无毒。主风水，黄胆，面热黑，痂疥，恶疮，金创。一名柳絮。叶主马疥痂
疮。取煎者，以洗马疥，立
愈。又疗心腹内血，止痛，实主溃痈，逐脓血。子汁疗渴。生琅
柳即今水杨也，花熟随风起，状如飞雪。陈元正方以为譬者，当用其未舒时，子亦随花
飞，正应水渍取汁耳。柳花
亦宜贴灸疮，皮叶疗漆疮耳。
〔谨案〕柳与水杨全不相似。水杨叶圆阔而赤，枝条短硬；
柳叶狭长，青绿，枝条长软。
此论用柳，不载水杨。水杨亦有疗能，本草不录。树枝及木中虫屑、枝皮，味苦，寒，无毒。
主痰热淋，可为吐汤，煮
洗风肿痒。酒煮含，主齿痛。木中虫屑可为浴汤，主风瘙痒瘾疹，大效。此人间柳树是也。
陶云水杨非
灸疮。
味苦，寒，无毒。主恶蚀疮着阴。皮主五痔，杀三虫。疗奔豚气病。华，敷猪疮，饲猪
肥大三倍。生桐柏山谷。
桐树有四种∶青桐，茎皮青，叶似梧桐而无子。梧桐，色白，叶似青桐有子，子肥亦可
食。白桐与岗桐无异，惟有
花子耳，花三月舒，黄紫色，《礼》云桐始花者也。岗桐无子，是作琴瑟者。今此云花，便
应是白桐，白桐亦堪作琴瑟，
一名椅桐，人家多植之。
〔谨案〕古本草∶桐花饲猪，肥大三倍。今云敷疮，恐误矣，岂有
故破伤猪，敷桐花者。
【楝实】
味道苦，性寒，有小毒。主治温病（感受温热邪气所致的外感热病），伤寒引起的严重高热、烦躁狂乱，能杀灭肠道寄生虫，治疗疥疮和皮肤溃疡，通利小便水道。根部，性微寒，治疗蛔虫，通利大肠。生长在荆山的山谷中。
【柳华】
到处都有生长，俗人在五月五日都采集花叶佩戴在身上，说是可以辟除邪气。用醋研磨其根涂抹疥疮，效果很好。煮汁做成粥食用。（谨案：此物有两种，有雄株和雌株。雄株根部呈红色，不结果实，有毒，服用后常导致呕吐不止，有时甚至致死。雌株根部呈白色，结有果实，毒性轻微，使用时应选取雌株。）
味道苦，性寒，无毒。主治风水（水肿伴有风邪症状）、黄疸、面部发热发黑、结痂的疥疮、恶疮和金创（金属利器造成的创伤）。又名柳絮。叶子主治马匹的疥疮和结痂疮。取煎煮后的药液清洗患马疥疮，可立即痊愈。又治疗心腹内的瘀血，止痛，主要治疗溃烂的痈疽，排出脓血。子汁治疗口渴。生长在琅琊。
柳即现在的水杨，花成熟后随风飘散，形状像飞雪。陈元正将其作为比喻时，应当使用其未舒展时的状态，种子也随花飞舞，正好对应用水浸泡取汁的方法。柳花也适宜贴敷灸疮，皮和叶治疗漆疮。（谨案：柳与水杨完全不同。水杨叶片圆阔且发红，枝条短硬；柳叶狭长，青绿色，枝条长而柔软。此处论述使用的是柳，未记载水杨。水杨也有疗效，但本草书中未收录。树枝及木中的虫屑、枝皮，味道苦，性寒，无毒。主治痰热淋证，可作为催吐汤剂，煮水外洗治疗风肿瘙痒。用酒煮后含漱，主治牙痛。木中的虫屑可作为洗浴汤剂，主治风瘙痒瘾疹，效果显著。这是人间常见的柳树。陶弘景说水杨不是……灸疮。）
【桐叶】
味道苦，性寒，无毒。主治恶蚀疮附着于阴部。树皮主治五种痔疮，杀灭三虫。治疗奔豚气病。花朵敷在猪疮上，喂猪可使猪肥大三倍。生长在桐柏山谷。
桐树有四种：青桐，茎皮青色，叶子像梧桐但没有果实。梧桐，颜色白，叶子像青桐且有果实，果实肥大也可食用。白桐与岗桐没有区别，只有花和种子，三月开花，花色黄紫，《礼记》中说“桐始花”。岗桐不结果实，是制作琴瑟的材料。现在这里提到花，便应该是白桐，白桐也可以制作琴瑟，一名椅桐，人家多种植它。（谨案：古本草记载：桐花喂猪，可使猪肥大三倍。现在说敷疮，恐怕有误了，哪有故意弄破伤口的猪，再敷桐花的道理。）
[Litsea Fruit]
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxicity: slightly toxic. Indications: Treats warm diseases (exogenous febrile diseases caused by warm pathogens), severe high fever, irritability, and mania caused by Shanghan (cold damage); kills intestinal parasites; treats scabies and skin ulcers; promotes urination through the water passages. Root: Nature: slightly cold. Indications: Treats ascariasis; promotes bowel movement. Habitat: Grows in the valleys of Mount Jing.
[Willow Flower]
Grows everywhere. Folk custom dictates that on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, people gather flowers and leaves to wear as amulets, claiming they ward off evil. Grinding the root with vinegar and applying it to scabies is very effective. Boiling the juice to make porridge for consumption. [Note]: This plant has two types: male and female. The male type has a red root, produces no fruit, is toxic, and ingestion often causes unceasing vomiting, sometimes leading to death. The female type has a white root, bears fruit, is slightly toxic, and the female should be selected for use.
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Treats Fengshui (edema accompanied by wind-pathogen symptoms), jaundice, facial heat and darkening, crusted scabies, malignant sores, and metal weapon wounds. Also known as Liu Xu (willow catkins). Leaves treat equine scabies and crusted sores. Taking the decoction to wash horses with scabies leads to immediate recovery. Also treats intra-abdominal blood stasis, relieves pain, primarily treats suppurating carbuncles, and expels pus and blood. Juice from seeds treats thirst. Habitat: Grows in Langya.
Willow refers to the current Shuiyang (water poplar/willow). Flowers mature and scatter with the wind, resembling flying snow. When Chen Yuanzheng used it as a metaphor, he likely referred to its state before unfurling; seeds also fly with the flowers, corresponding to the method of soaking in water to extract juice. Willow flowers are also suitable for topical application on moxibustion sores; bark and leaves treat lacquer dermatitis. [Note]: Willow and Shuiyang are completely different. Shuiyang leaves are round, broad, and reddish, with short, stiff branches; willow leaves are narrow and long, green, with long, soft branches. This discussion concerns willow, not Shuiyang. Although Shuiyang has therapeutic effects, it is not recorded in this Materia Medica. Branches, insect frass within the wood, and branch bark: Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Treats phlegm-heat strangury; can be used as an emetic decoction; boiled for washing to treat wind-induced swelling and itching. Decocted in wine and held in the mouth treats toothache. Insect frass from the wood can be used in bath water to treat wind-induced pruritus and urticaria, with significant efficacy. This is the common willow tree found among humans. Tao Hongjing stated that Shuiyang is not... [text fragment regarding moxibustion sores].
[Tung Leaf]
Taste: bitter. Nature: cold. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: Treats erosive sores affecting the genitalia. Bark treats five types of hemorrhoids and kills three types of parasites. Treats Ben Tun Qi disease (a condition characterized by gas rising from the lower abdomen to the chest/throat). Flowers applied to pig sores cause pigs to gain three times their weight when fed. Habitat: Grows in the valleys of Tongbai Mountain.
There are four types of Tung trees: Qingtong (Green Tung), with green stem bark and leaves resembling Wutong but without fruits. Wutong (Chinese Parasol Tree), with white coloration, leaves resembling Qingtong and bearing fruits, which are plump and edible. Baitong (White Tung) is indistinguishable from Gangtong except for having flowers and seeds; flowers open in March, yellow-purple in color, as mentioned in the *Book of Rites*: "The tung tree blooms first." Gangtong bears no fruit and is used for making qin and se musical instruments. Since this text mentions flowers, it must refer to Baitong. Baitong can also be used to make musical instruments and is also known as Yitong; households often plant it. [Note]: Ancient Materia Medica records that feeding tung flowers to pigs causes them to triple in weight. The claim here that it is applied to sores is likely erroneous. Who would intentionally wound a pig and then apply tung flowers?