味甘、酸、咸，平，无毒。主明目，利九窍，耳聋，心下邪气，令人吐，杀诸毒三虫
。久服通神明，轻身延年不老。可消为铜剑，辟五兵。生豫章山谷，采无时。
此医方不复用，市人亦无卖者，惟《仙经》卅六水方中时有须处。铜剑之法，具在《九
元子术》中。
〔谨案〕陶所云∶
今空青，圆如铁珠，色白而腹不空者，是也。研之色白如碧，亦
青时，亦用之，名鱼目青，
以形似鱼目故也。今出简州、梓州者好。
味甘，平，无毒。主目痛明目，折跌痈肿，金创不瘳，破积聚，解毒瓦斯，利精神，去
寒热风痹，及丈夫茎中百病，益精。久服轻身、不老。生朱崖山谷武都、朱提，采无时。
《仙经》俗方都无用者。朱崖郡先属交州，在南海中，晋代省之，朱提郡今属宁州。
〔谨
案
朱崖巴南及林邑、扶南、舶上来者，形块大如拳，其色又青，腹中亦时有空者；武昌者，片
块小、而色更佳；兰州、梓
州
者，形扁作片，而色浅也。
味酸、辛，寒，有毒。主明目目痛，金创，诸痫痉，女子阴蚀痛，石淋，寒热，崩中
下血，诸邪毒瓦斯，令人有子，散症积，咳逆上气，及鼠 。炼饵服之，不老，久服，增寿神
仙。能化铁为铜，成金银。一名毕石，一名黑石，一名棋石，一名铜勒。生羌道山谷羌里句
青山。二月庚子、辛丑日采。
水英为之使，畏牡桂、菌桂、芫花、辛荑、白薇。《仙经》有用此处，俗方甚少，此药
殆绝。今人时有采者，其色青
绿，状如琉璃而有白文，易破折。梁州、信都无复有，俗用乃以青色矾石当之，殊无仿佛。
《仙经》一名立制石。
〔谨案〕
此物出铜处有，形似曾青，兼绿相
此乃绛矾。比来亦用绛矾
为石胆，又以醋揉青矾为之，并伪矣。真者出蒲州虞乡县东亭谷窟及薛集窟中，有块如鸡卵
者为真。
味甘甜、酸、咸，性平，无毒。主要功效为明目，通利九窍，治疗耳聋，清除心下的邪气，引起呕吐，杀灭各种毒虫和寄生虫。长期服用可通灵达神，使身体轻盈，延年益寿，保持年轻不老。可以将其溶解用于制作铜剑，以抵御五种兵器（辟五兵）。产于豫章的山谷中，采集没有固定时间。
现在医方中不再使用此药，市场上也没有售卖者，只有在《仙经》三十六水方中偶尔有需要之处。制作铜剑的方法，详细记载在《九元子术》中。
【考证】陶弘景所说：
现在的空青，形状圆如铁珠，颜色白且腹部不空的，就是这种。研磨后颜色白如碧玉，也有青色时，也使用它，名叫鱼目青，因为形状像鱼的眼睛的缘故。现在出产于简州、梓州的品质较好。
味甘，性平，无毒。主要功效为治疗眼痛、明目，治愈跌打损伤和痈肿，金创伤口不愈合，破除积聚，解毒瓦斯，利精神，去除寒热风痹，以及男子尿道中的各种疾病，补益精气。长期服用可使身体轻盈、不老。产于朱崖山谷、武都、朱提，采集没有固定时间。
《仙经》和民间俗方都不使用此药。朱崖郡以前属于交州，位于南海之中，晋代已撤销该郡建制，朱提郡现在属于宁州。
【考证】
朱崖、巴南以及林邑、扶南、从海船运来的，形状块大如拳头，颜色又青，腹部有时也是空的；武昌出产的，片块较小，但颜色更佳；兰州、梓州出产的，形状扁作片状，颜色较浅。
味酸、辛，性寒，有毒。主要功效为明目、治疗眼痛，金创，各种癫痫痉挛，女子阴部蚀痛，石淋，寒热往来，崩漏下血，各种邪毒瓦斯，使人能够生育，消散症积，治疗咳逆上气，以及鼠瘘（淋巴结核）。经过炼制后饵服，可使人不老，长期服用，增加寿命，成神仙。能化铁为铜，生成金银。又名毕石，又名黑石，又名棋石，又名铜勒。产于羌道山谷羌里句青山。二月庚子日、辛丑日采集。
水英为其使药，畏惧牡桂、菌桂、芫花、辛荑、白薇。《仙经》中有使用此药的地方，民间俗方很少用，此药几乎绝迹。现在人们偶尔有采挖的，其色青绿，状如琉璃且有白色纹理，容易破碎折断。梁州、信都已经不再有，民间常用青色矾石来冒充，完全不像。《仙经》中一名立制石。
【考证】
这种物产出于铜矿处，形状似曾青，兼有绿色相间。这其实是绛矾。近来也有人将绛矾当作石胆，又以醋揉搓青矾制成，都是伪品。真正的石胆出产于蒲州虞乡县东亭谷窟及薛集窟中，有块状如鸡蛋大小的才是真品。
Taste: sweet, sour, salty. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: primarily benefits vision, unblocks the nine orifices, treats deafness, eliminates pathogenic factors in the epigastrium, induces vomiting, and kills various toxic substances and parasitic worms (San Chong). Long-term consumption promotes spiritual clarity, lightens the body, prolongs life, and prevents aging. It can be dissolved to make copper swords for protection against weapons (Bi Wu Bing). Grows in the valleys of Yuzhang; collected at any time.
This herb is no longer used in medical prescriptions, nor sold in markets; it is occasionally required only in the "Thirty-Six Water Formulas" of the *Xian Jing* (Immortal Classics). The method for making copper swords is detailed in the *Jiu Yuan Zi Shu*.
[Verification] Tao Hongjing stated:
The current Kong Qing (Azurite), which is round like an iron bead, white in color, and hollow inside, is this one. When ground, its color is white like jade; when green, it is also used, named Yu Mu Qing (Fish Eye Azurite) because its shape resembles fish eyes. Those produced in Jianzhou and Zizhou are of good quality.
Taste: sweet. Nature: neutral. Toxicity: non-toxic. Indications: treats eye pain, benefits vision, heals fractures and sores, treats non-healing metal wounds, breaks up accumulations, detoxifies mineral vapors, benefits the spirit, expels wind-cold-heat bi syndrome, and treats various diseases of the male urethra, tonifying essence. Long-term consumption lightens the body and prevents aging. Grows in the valleys of Zhuya, Wudu, and Zhuti; collected at any time.
Neither the *Xian Jing* nor common folk prescriptions use this herb. Zhuya Commandery previously belonged to Jiaozhou, located in the South China Sea, and was abolished during the Jin Dynasty; Zhuti Commandery currently belongs to Ningzhou.
[Verification]
Those from Zhuya, Bannan, as well as Linyue, Funan, and imported by ship, are large lumps like fists, green in color, with sometimes hollow interiors; those from Wuchang are smaller flakes but have better color; those from Lanzhou and Zizhou are flat flakes with lighter color.
Taste: sour, pungent. Nature: cold. Toxicity: toxic. Indications: benefits vision, treats eye pain, metal wounds, various epilepsy spasms, female genital erosion pain, lithiasis (Shi Lin), alternating chills and fever, metrorrhagia and hypomenorrhea, various pathogenic toxic vapors, facilitates conception, dissipates mass formations, treats cough and rebellious Qi, and scrofula (Shu Li). After refining and taking as a pill, it prevents aging; long-term consumption increases longevity and leads to immortality. It can transform iron into copper and produce gold and silver. Also known as Bi Shi, Hei Shi, Qi Shi, and Tong Le. Grows in the Qingshan Valley of Qiangliju in Qiandaoguan. Collected on Gengzi and Xinchou days in the second lunar month.
Shui Ying acts as its guiding drug; it is incompatible with Mugui, Jungui, Yuanhua, Xin Yi, and Bai Wei. It is used in the *Xian Jing*, but rarely in folk prescriptions; this herb is nearly extinct. Occasionally, people collect it now; it is greenish-blue, looks like glazed glass with white veins, and is brittle. It is no longer found in Liangzhou and Xindu; folk medicine substitutes it with green alum stone, which bears little resemblance. In the *Xian Jing*, it is also called Lizhi Shi.
[Verification]
This substance is found where copper is mined; its shape resembles Ceng Qing (Malachite), mixed with green. This is actually Jiang Fan (Roasted Alum). Recently, some have used Jiang Fan as Shi Dan, or made fake products by rubbing Qing Fan (Green Vitriol) with vinegar. Genuine Shi Dan comes from Dongting Valley caves and Xueji Cave in Yuxiang County, Puzhou; lumps the size of chicken eggs are genuine.