解肌散表法∶治风邪伤卫,头痛畏风,发热有汗等证。
嫩桂枝 白芍药 粉甘草 生姜 大枣
水煎服。
此仲景之桂枝汤,治风伤卫之证也。舒驰远曰∶桂枝走太阳之表,专驱卫分之风;白芍和阴护营,
甘草调中解热,姜辛
能散,枣甘能和,又以行脾之津液,而调和营卫者也。
微辛轻解法∶治冒风之证,头微痛,鼻塞,咳嗽。
紫苏梗(一钱五分) 薄荷梗(一钱) 牛蒡子(一钱五分) 苦桔梗(一钱
五分) 栝蒌壳(二钱) 广橘红(一钱,去白)
水煎服。
凡新感之风邪,惟冒为轻,只可以微辛轻剂治之。夫风冒于皮毛,皮毛为肺之合,故用紫苏、薄荷以
宣其肺,皆用梗而不用叶,取其微辛力薄也。盖风为阳邪,极易化火,辛温之药,不
宜过用,所以佐牛蒡之辛凉,桔梗之辛平,以解太阴之表,及蒌壳之轻松,橘红之轻透,以畅肺经之气,
气分一舒,则冒自解矣。
顺气搜风法∶治风邪中经,左右不遂,筋骨不用。
台乌药(一钱) 陈橘皮(一钱五分) 天麻(一钱) 紫苏(一钱五分) 甘
菊花(一钱) 参条(二钱) 炙甘草(五分) 宣木瓜(一钱)
加桑枝三钱为引,水煎服。
此师古人顺风匀气散之法,以治风邪中经之病也。香岩曰∶经属气。所以进乌药、陈皮以顺其气,天
麻、苏、菊以搜其风。经曰∶邪之所凑、其气必虚。故佐参、草辅其正气;更佐
木瓜利其筋骨,桑枝遂其左右之用也。
活血祛风法∶治风邪中络,口眼 斜,肌肤不仁。
全当归(三钱,酒炒) 川芎(一钱五分) 白芍(一钱,酒炒) 秦艽(一钱
五分) 冬桑叶(三钱) 鸡血藤胶(一钱)
加橘络二钱,煎服。
此治风邪中络之法也。香岩云∶络属血。故用鸡藤、川芎以活其血,即古人所谓治风须养血,血行风
自灭也。经曰∶营虚则不仁。故用当归、白芍补益营血,而治不仁也。秦艽为
风药中之润品,散药中之补品,且能活血荣筋;桑叶乃箕星之
精,箕好风,风气通于肝,最能滋血去风,斯二者,诚为风中于
络之要剂。更佐橘络以达其络,络舒血活,则风邪自解,而 斜自愈矣。
宣窍导痰法∶治风邪中脏中腑,及疟发昏倒等证。
远志(一钱,去心) 石菖蒲(五分) 天竺黄(二钱) 杏仁(三钱,去皮
尖研) 栝蒌实(三钱,研) 僵蚕(三钱,炒) 皂角炭(五分)
水煎,温服。
风邪中于脏腑者,宜施此法。其中乎经,可以顺气搜风;其中乎络,可以活血祛风;今中脏腑,无风
药可以施之,可见中脏之神昏不语,唇缓涎流,中腑之昏不识人,便溺阻隔等证,确宜宣窍导痰。方中天
竺、远、菖,宣其窍而解其语;杏仁、蒌实,导其痰且润其肠;僵蚕化中风之痰,皂角通上下之窍,此一法
而两用也。尤恐其力之不及,中腑更佐以百顺,中脏更佐以牛黄,按法用之,庶无差忒。
辛温解表法∶(见前)
辛凉解表法∶(见前)
清热保津法∶(见前)
两解太阳法∶治风湿之证,头痛身重,骨节烦疼,小便欠利。
桂枝(一钱五分) 羌活(一钱五分) 防风(一钱五分) 茯苓(三钱) 泽
泻(一钱五分) 生米仁(四钱) 苦桔梗(一钱五分)
流水煎服。
斯法也,乃两解太阳风湿之邪。风邪无形而居外,所以用桂枝、羌、防,解其太阳之表,俾风从汗而出;
湿邪有形而居内,所以用苓、泽、米仁,渗其膀胱之里,俾湿从溺而出,更以桔梗通天气于地道,能宣上
复能下行,可使风湿之邪,分表里而解也。嘉言虽谓风湿之病,固宜从汗而解,然风胜于湿者,则湿
可随风去,倘湿胜于风者,则宜此法治之。
解肌散表法:用于治疗风邪损伤卫气,出现头痛、怕风、发热且有汗等症状。
嫩桂枝 白芍药 粉甘草 生姜 大枣
用水煎煮后服用。
这是张仲景的桂枝汤,用于治疗风邪伤及卫气的病证。舒驰远说:桂枝走太阳经之表,专门驱除卫分的风邪;白芍调和阴液以保护营气,甘草调理中焦并解除热邪,生姜味辛能发散,大枣味甘能和缓,以此运行脾脏的津液,从而调和营卫。
微辛轻解法:用于治疗冒受风邪的病证,症状为头部轻微疼痛、鼻塞、咳嗽。
紫苏梗(一钱五分) 薄荷梗(一钱) 牛蒡子(一钱五分) 苦桔梗(一钱五分) 栝蒌壳(二钱) 广橘红(一钱,去白)
用水煎煮后服用。
凡是新近感受的风邪,只有“冒”这种最为轻微,只可以用微辛轻剂的方药来治疗。风邪侵犯皮毛,而皮毛是肺的外合,所以使用紫苏、薄荷来宣通肺气,都选用茎梗而不选用叶片,是因为取其气味微辛、药力轻薄的原因。大概风属于阳邪,极易化火,辛温的药物不宜过多使用,所以佐以牛蒡子的辛凉,桔梗的辛平,来解除太阴肺经的表邪,以及栝蒌壳的轻松,橘红的轻透,来畅达肺经的气机,气分一旦舒展,那么冒受风邪的症状自然解除。
顺气搜风法:用于治疗风邪侵入经络,导致半身不遂、筋骨活动不利。
台乌药(一钱) 陈橘皮(一钱五分) 天麻(一钱) 紫苏(一钱五分) 甘菊花(一钱) 参条(二钱) 炙甘草(五分) 宣木瓜(一钱)
加桑枝三钱作为引经药,用水煎煮后服用。
这是效法古人顺风匀气散的方义,用来治疗风邪中于经络的疾病。叶天士说:经络属于气。所以加入乌药、陈皮来理顺其气机,天麻、紫苏、菊花来搜剔其风邪。医经说:邪气聚集的地方,正气必然虚弱。所以佐以人参、甘草辅助其正气;更佐以木瓜来利关节筋骨,桑枝来顺应左右肢体的功能。
活血祛风法:用于治疗风邪侵入络脉,出现口眼歪斜、肌肤麻木不仁。
全当归(三钱,酒炒) 川芎(一钱五分) 白芍(一钱,酒炒) 秦艽(一钱五分) 冬桑叶(三钱) 鸡血藤胶(一钱)
加橘络二钱,煎煮后服用。
这是治疗风邪中于络脉的方法。叶天士说:络脉属于血。所以用鸡血藤、川芎来活血,这就是古人所说的治疗风病必须养血,血行则风自灭的道理。医经说:营气虚则感觉麻木。所以用当归、白芍补益营血,来治疗麻木不仁。秦艽是风药中的润品,散药中的补品,而且能活血荣养筋脉;桑叶是箕星精气所化,箕星喜好风,风气通应于肝,最能滋血祛风,这两味药,确实是风邪中于络脉的重要药物。更佐以橘络来通达络脉,络脉舒展、血液流通,那么风邪自然解除,口眼歪斜也能自愈。
宣窍导痰法:用于治疗风邪中于脏腑,以及疟疾发作时昏倒等证候。
远志(一钱,去心) 石菖蒲(五分) 天竺黄(二钱) 杏仁(三钱,去皮尖研碎) 栝蒌实(三钱,研碎) 僵蚕(三钱,炒) 皂角炭(五分)
用水煎煮,温服。
风邪中于脏腑者,适宜施用此法。如果风邪中于经络,可以用顺气搜风法;如果中于络脉,可以用活血祛风法;如今风邪中于脏腑,没有单纯的风药可以施用,可见中脏的神志昏迷、不能言语,口唇松弛、流涎,中腑的昏迷不识人,大小便闭塞不通等症状,确实适宜采用宣窍导痰法。方中天竺黄、远志、石菖蒲,宣通清窍并解除言语障碍;杏仁、栝蒌实,引导痰浊并润肠通便;僵蚕化解中风之痰,皂角炭通利上下窍道,这一种方法兼具两种功效。尤其担心药力不够,中腑更佐以百顺丸,中脏更佐以牛黄丸,按照法则使用,才不会有差错失误。
辛温解表法:(见前文)
辛凉解表法:(见前文)
清热保津法:(见前文)
两解太阳法:用于治疗风湿病证,症状为头痛、身体沉重、骨节烦痛、小便不畅。
桂枝(一钱五分) 羌活(一钱五分) 防风(一钱五分) 茯苓(三钱) 泽泻(一钱五分) 生米仁(四钱) 苦桔梗(一钱五分)
用流水煎煮后服用。
这种方法,是同时解除太阳经的风湿邪气。风邪无形而在外,所以用桂枝、羌活、防风,解除太阳经的表邪,使风邪随汗而出;湿邪有形而在内,所以用茯苓、泽泻、薏苡仁,渗泄膀胱里的湿气,使湿邪随小便而出,再加上桔梗通天气于地道,既能宣发上部又能下行,可以使风湿邪气分从表里而解。章虚谷虽然认为风湿病固然应该从汗而解,但如果风邪胜于湿邪,那么湿邪可随风邪而去;倘若湿邪胜于风邪,则适宜用此法治疗。
Jieji Sanbiao Method (Muscle-Releasing and Surface-Dispersing Method): Used to treat conditions where wind pathogen injures the Wei-Qi (Defensive Qi), presenting with symptoms such as headache, aversion to wind, fever, and sweating.
Tender Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) White Peony Root (Baishao) Powdered Licorice Root (Fen Gancao) Fresh Ginger (Shengjiang) Jujube (Dazao)
Decoct in water and take orally.
This is Zhang Zhongjing's Guizhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction), used to treat conditions of wind injuring the Wei-Qi. Shu Chiyan stated: Cinnamon Twig travels to the exterior of the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel, specifically driving out wind from the Wei division; White Peony Root harmonizes Yin and protects Ying-Qi (Nutritive Qi); Licorice Root regulates the Middle Jiao and clears heat; Ginger is pungent and disperses; Jujube is sweet and harmonizes. Together, they promote the flow of Spleen fluids, thereby harmonizing Ying and Wei.
Weixin Qingjie Method (Mild Pungent and Light Resolving Method): Used to treat conditions of being covered by wind (Mao Feng), presenting with mild headache, nasal congestion, and cough.
Perilla Stem (Zisu Geng) Mint Stem (Bohe Geng) Burdock Seed (Niubangzi) Bitter Platycodon Root (Ku Jiegeng) Trichosanthes Peel (Gualou Qiao) Tangerine Peel (Guang Juhong, white part removed)
Decoct in water and take orally.
Among newly acquired wind pathogens, "Mao" (being covered/exposed to wind) is the mildest, and can only be treated with mild pungent and light agents. Wind covers the skin and hair, which are the exterior union of the Lung; therefore, Perilla and Mint are used to diffuse Lung Qi. Stems are used instead of leaves because their pungency is mild and force is thin. Generally, wind is a Yang pathogen that easily transforms into fire, so pungent-warm medicines should not be overused. Thus, Burdock Seed (pungent-cool) and Platycodon Root (pungent-neutral) are added to resolve the exterior of the Taiyin (Lung). Additionally, the lightness of Trichosanthes Peel and the penetrating quality of Tangerine Peel help unblock Lung Qi. Once the Qi mechanism is unblocked, the condition of Mao naturally resolves.
Shunqi Soufeng Method (Qi-Smoothing and Wind-Searching Method): Used to treat wind pathogen invading the meridians, resulting in hemiplegia and dysfunction of sinews and bones.
Aucklandia Root (Tai Wuyao) Aged Tangerine Peel (Chen Jupi) Gastrodia Rhizome (Tianma) Perilla Leaf (Zisu) Chrysanthemum Flower (Gan Juhua) Ginseng Rootlets (Shentiao) Honey-fried Licorice Root (Zhi Gancao) Chinese Quince Fruit (Xuan Mugua)
Add Mulberry Twig (Sangzhi) three qian as a guiding drug, decoct in water, and take orally.
This method follows the principle of the ancient Fangfeng Yunqi San (Wind-Protecting Qi-Regulating Powder) to treat diseases where wind pathogen strikes the meridians. Ye Tianshi said: Meridians belong to Qi. Therefore, Aucklandia and Tangerine Peel are advanced to smooth Qi; Gastrodia, Perilla, and Chrysanthemum are used to search out wind. The Classics state: Where the pathogen gathers, the Qi must be deficient. Thus, Ginseng and Licorice are added to support the Righteous Qi; Chinese Quince is added to benefit sinews and bones, and Mulberry Twig to facilitate the function of the left and right limbs.
Huoxue Qufeng Method (Blood-Invigorating and Wind-Expelling Method): Used to treat wind pathogen striking the collaterals, presenting with deviation of the mouth and eye, and insensitivity of the skin and flesh.
Whole Angelica Sinensis Root (Quang Danggui, stir-fried with wine) Sichuan Lovage Rhizome (Chuanxiong) White Peony Root (Baishao, stir-fried with wine) Gentiana Macrophylla Root (Qinjiao) Winter Mulberry Leaf (Dongsangye) Spatholobus Stem Gum (Jixueteng Jiao)
Add Tangerine Network (Jueluo) two qian, decoct, and take.
This is the method for treating wind pathogen striking the collaterals. Ye Tianshi said: Collaterals belong to Blood. Therefore, Spatholobus and Sichuan Lovage are used to invigorate blood, which aligns with the ancient saying that treating wind requires nourishing blood; when blood flows, wind extinguishes itself. The Classics state: When Ying-Qi is deficient, there is insensitivity. Thus, Angelica and White Peony are used to tonify Ying-Blood to treat insensitivity. Qinjiao is a moistening agent among wind-dispelling drugs and a tonifying agent among dispersing drugs; it can invigorate blood and nourish sinews. Mulberry Leaf is the essence of the Ji Star; the Ji Star likes wind, and wind Qi connects to the Liver; it is best at nourishing blood and expelling wind. These two herbs are indeed crucial agents for wind striking the collaterals. Furthermore, Tangerine Network is added to reach the collaterals; when collaterals are unblocked and blood circulates, the wind pathogen naturally resolves, and facial deviation heals.
Xuanqiao Daotan Method (Orifice-Unblocking and Phlegm-Guiding Method): Used to treat wind pathogen striking the Zang and Fu organs, as well as conditions like fainting during malaria attacks.
Polygala Root (Yuanzhi, heart removed) Acorus Rhizome (Shi Changpu) Himalayan Milky Way Seed (Tianzhuhuang) Apricot Seed (Xingren, skin and tip removed, crushed) Trichosanthes Fruit (Gualoushi, crushed) Silkworm (Jiangcan, fried) Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit Charcoal (Zaojiao Tan)
Decoct in water, take warm.
For wind pathogen striking the Zang and Fu organs, this method is appropriate. If wind strikes the meridians, the Shunqi Soufeng Method can be used; if it strikes the collaterals, the Huoxue Qufeng Method can be used. Now, since it strikes the Zang and Fu, no simple wind-dispelling drug is applicable. It is evident that for conditions of Zang-striking such as coma and muteness, flaccid lips, and drooling, and Fu-striking such as coma with inability to recognize people and obstruction of urination and defecation, the Xuanqiao Daotan Method is indeed suitable. In the formula, Tianzhuhuang, Yuanzhi, and Shi Changpu unblock the orifices and resolve speech disorders; Xingren and Gualoushi guide phlegm and moisten the intestines; Jiangcan transforms stroke-phlegm; Zaojiao Tong opens the upper and lower orifices. This one method serves two purposes. Fearing its strength may be insufficient, for Fu-striking, add Baishun Wan; for Zang-striking, add Niuhuang Wan. Apply according to the method to avoid errors.
Xinwen Jiebiao Method (Pungent-Warm Surface-Resolving Method): (See above)
Xinliang Jiebiao Method (Pungent-Cool Surface-Resolving Method): (See above)
Qingre Baojin Method (Heat-Clearing and Fluid-Preserving Method): (See above)
Liangjie Taiyang Method (Dual-Resolving Taiyang Method): Used to treat damp-wind conditions, presenting with headache, heavy body, painful joints, and inadequate urination.
Cinnamon Twig (Guizhi) Notopterygium Rhizome (Qianghuo) Saposhnikovia Root (Fangfeng) Poria (Fuling) Alisma Rhizome (Zexie) Coix Seed (Sheng Yiren) Bitter Platycodon Root (Ku Jiegeng)
Decoct in running water and take.
This method dual-resolves the wind-damp pathogen of the Taiyang. Wind pathogen is formless and resides externally; therefore, Cinnamon Twig, Notopterygium, and Saposhnikovia are used to resolve the Taiyang exterior, allowing wind to exit via sweat. Damp pathogen is tangible and resides internally; therefore, Poria, Alisma, and Coix Seed are used to leach out dampness from the interior of the Bladder, allowing dampness to exit via urine. Additionally, Platycodon Root connects Heaven Qi to Earth Dao, capable of diffusing upward and descending downward, enabling the wind-damp pathogen to be resolved separately from the exterior and interior. Zhang Xuyuan stated that although damp-wind diseases should generally be resolved through sweating, if wind exceeds damp, damp can go with wind. However, if damp exceeds wind, this method is suitable for treatment.