一。长者阳也。洁古云∶长法干。此阳明脉。故尺寸俱长。身热目痛鼻干不得卧。当汗。
阳
长脉迢迢度三关。指下时来又却还。阳毒在脏三焦热。徐徐发汗始能安。
云岐曰∶阳毒在脏。何由言发汗。非在五脏之本。阳毒之气在五脏之标。何为五脏之本。
肝
为在标之深远也。急则邪不能出。发之以升麻汤。发在阳明标。一法加羌活麻黄。中治法以
地骨皮散。治浑身壮热。
地骨皮 茯苓（各半两） 柴胡 黄芩 生地黄 知母（一两） 石膏（二两） 如
汗已
多。加知母。 咀。入生姜煎。徐徐发者。汗之缓也。
二。短者阴也。主四肢恶寒。腹中生气。宿食不消。短法坤。腹中有宿食当下之。短主
阴成
短脉阴中有伏阳。气壅三焦不得昌。脏中宿食生寒气。大泻通肠必得康。
宿食生寒气。何由通畅。谓阴中伏阳故也。使三焦之气宣行于上下。故用巴豆动药也。
外药
三。虚者阴也。主少力多惊。心中恍惚。小儿惊风。虚怯离。虚脉者离火也。中虚之象。
心
恍惚心中多悸惊。三关定息脉难成。血虚脏腑生烦热。补益三焦便得宁。
恍惚者。阳主动之貌。脉难成。往来之象。烦热者。血虚也。欲令气血实。故补益三焦
命门
柴胡（去苗） 黄芩（各一两） 地骨皮 人参 知母 半夏（制） 茯苓（各一两） 炙
甘草（三
汤治之。
四。促者阳也。促脉象坎。主中盛满之象。遇坎而退。则是脉八九至并寸口。渐渐退则
活。
促脉前来已出关。常居寸口血成斑。忽然渐退人生也。若要痊除命在天。
升多而不降。前曲后居如操带钩。曰死。渐退者。以阳得阴则解。如散丝者、独阳脱阴。
知
五。结者阴也。主四肢气闷。连痛。时来结脉。象兑金。动而有止曰结。应腹中之右旁。
故
积气生于脾脏旁。大肠疼痛阵难当。渐宜稍泻三焦火。莫谩多方立纪纲。
生气。是三焦之气。旺于脾脏旁。脾受湿而反热。传至大肠。故发疼痛。乃大肠金受三
焦火
六。代者阴也。主形容羸瘦。口不能言。不因病羸瘦。脉有止曰代。代真死脉也。若暴
损气
人参 白茯苓 熟生黄 甘草（炙） 地骨皮（各半两） 黄 白芍药 桔梗 天门
冬
半夏
食前
服。
代脉时时动若浮。再而复起似还无。三元正气随风去。魂魄冥冥何所居。
浮甚阳太过。沉甚阴太过。浮甚八至九至死在外。沉甚一至二至死在内。脾脉居中土之
象。
七。牢者阴也。牢脉象震。其脉不来不往曰牢。其性紧而急。前后水火相乘之象。水能
克火
脉入皮肤辨息难。时时气促在胸前。只言水火相刑克。欲要痊除更问天。
牢者木也。前后有水火相乘之象。以牢为阴。助水克火。故云命在天。又云。水火并于
胸。
八。动者阴也。主四体虚。崩中血痢。动脉象艮山也。不来不往曰动。山止之貌。动而
不移
动脉根源气主阴。三关指下碍沉沉。血山一倒经年月。志士名医只可寻。
以卫为叶。荣为根。血去则根亡而叶凋。此脉寸有尺无。绝无根叶。此尺脉第三同断病
也。
当归 白芍药 地黄（熟用） 白术（各一两） 人参 干姜（炮） 茯苓 桂（各半
两） 上
咀
九。细者阴也。主腰酸髓冷。乏力折精。肾无所养。阳不荣于下。阴不荣于上。阴阳不
能相
乏力无精胫里酸。形容憔悴发毛干。如逢冬季经霜月。不疗其 必自痊。
细脉象巽风也。为木。风主发。阳气内不润于皮毛。致毛发干。至秋则失。秋时气平。
故不
解肌
葛根 黄芩（各一两） 麻黄（去节半两） 赤芍药（四钱） 上 咀。一两。生姜七
片。水
二盏
之。
一、长脉属阳。洁古说：长脉的法度在于其形态。这是阳明脉，所以寸部和尺部都呈现长象。症状表现为身体发热、眼睛疼痛、鼻子干燥、无法安卧。治疗应当采用发汗法。
长脉悠长，跨越寸关尺三关。手指下感觉脉搏来时又返回。若是阳毒在脏，三焦有热，必须徐徐发汗才能安宁。
云岐说：阳毒在脏，为什么说用发汗法？这是因为病邪不在五脏的根本，而阳毒之气位于五脏的表象（标）。什么是五脏的根本？肝为根本，病位在标的深远之处。如果病情急迫，邪气不能外出，就用升麻汤发汗。此法针对阳明经的标证。另一种方法加入羌活、麻黄。中间治法用地骨皮散，治疗浑身壮热。
地骨皮、茯苓（各半两）、柴胡、黄芩、生地黄、知母（各一两）、石膏（二两）。如果已经出汗较多，增加知母的用量。将药材切碎，加入生姜煎煮。徐徐发汗，即是缓汗之法。
二、短脉属阴。主要主管四肢恶寒，腹中产生寒气，宿食不消化。短脉效法坤卦。腹中有宿食，应当用泻下法。
短脉显示阴中有伏阳，气机壅塞在三焦，不得通畅。脏中有宿食产生寒气，必须大泻通肠才能康复。
宿食产生寒气，为何要通畅？是因为阴中有伏阳的缘故。使三焦之气在上下宣行，所以使用巴豆这种动药。
三、虚脉属阴。主要主管力气少、易受惊吓，心中恍惚不定。小儿惊风，虚怯羸弱。虚脉对应离火。这是中虚的征象。
心中恍惚多悸动惊恐，寸关尺三部定息后脉象难以成形。血虚导致脏腑产生烦热，补益三焦便能安宁。
恍惚是阳气主动的表现。脉象难以成形，是往来无力的征象。烦热是因为血虚。想要让气血充实，所以补益三焦和命门。
柴胡（去苗）、黄芩（各一两）、地骨皮、人参、知母、半夏（制）、茯苓（各一两）、炙甘草（三两）。用汤剂治疗。
四、促脉属阳。促脉象坎水。主要主管中焦盛满之象。遇到坎位而退却，则是脉搏八九次跳动并见于寸口，渐渐退去则生机尚存。
促脉前来已出关，常居寸口处血液成斑。忽然渐渐退去人还能存活。若要痊愈，命运在天。
若升多而不降，前曲后居如操带钩，主死。渐渐退去的，是以阳得阴则解。如散丝者，是独阳脱阴。
五、结脉属阴。主要主管四肢气闷，连累疼痛。时来结脉，象兑金。动而有止称为结。应验于腹中的右旁。
积气生于脾脏旁边，大肠疼痛阵痛难当。逐渐适宜稍泻三焦之火，不要随意多方设立纲纪。
生气，是三焦之气，旺盛于脾脏旁边。脾受湿而反热，传至大肠，所以发生疼痛。乃是大肠金受到三焦火的影响。
六、代脉属阴。主要主管形体消瘦，口不能言。不是因病导致的消瘦，而是脉有间歇称为代。代脉真是死脉。若是暴损气。
人参、白茯苓、熟地黄、甘草（炙）、地骨皮（各半两）、黄芪、白芍药、桔梗、天门冬、半夏。饭前服用。
代脉时时跳动若浮，再而复起似有若无。三元正气随风而去，魂魄冥冥不知何处居住。
浮甚为阳太过，沉甚为阴太过。浮甚且八至九至，死在外；沉甚且一至二至，死在内。脾脉居中土之象。
七、牢脉属阴。牢脉象震木。其脉不来不往称为牢。其性紧而急，是前后水火相乘的征象。水能克火。
脉入皮肤辨息难，时时气促在胸前。只言水火相刑克，欲要痊愈更问天。
牢者属木。前后有水火相乘的征象。以牢为阴，助水克火，所以说命运在天。又说，水火并于胸。
八、动脉属阴。主要主管四体虚弱，崩中血痢。动脉象艮山。不来不往称为动。如山静止之貌。动而不移。
动脉根源气主阴，三关指下碍沉沉。血山一倒经年月，志士名医只可寻。
以卫气为叶，营气为根。血去则根亡而叶凋。此脉寸有尺无，绝无根叶。此尺脉第三同断病也。
当归、白芍药、地黄（熟用）、白术（各一两）、人参、干姜（炮）、茯苓、桂枝（各半两）。上药切碎。
九、细脉属阴。主要主管腰酸髓冷，乏力折精。肾无所养，阳不荣于下，阴不荣于上，阴阳不能相济。
乏力无精胫里酸，形容憔悴发毛干。如逢冬季经霜月，不疗其疾必自痊。
1. The Long pulse belongs to Yang. Jiegu stated: The principle of the Long pulse lies in its morphology. This is the Yangming pulse, therefore both the Cun (inch) and Chi (cubit) positions present a Long image. Symptoms include fever, eye pain, nasal dryness, and inability to lie down. Treatment should employ diaphoresis (sweating method).
The Long pulse is long and extends across the three positions (Cun, Guan, Chi). Under the fingers, the pulse seems to come and then return. If Yang toxin resides in the Zang organs with heat in the Sanjiao (Triple Burner), slow diaphoresis is required for peace.
Yunqi said: If Yang toxin is in the Zang organs, why speak of diaphoresis? This is because the pathogen is not at the root of the five Zang organs, but the Qi of Yang toxin is at the "Biao" (superficial/exterior aspect) of the five Zang organs. What is the root of the five Zang organs? The Liver is the root; the disease location is deep within the Biao. If the condition is urgent, the pathogen cannot exit; use Shengma Tang (Cimicifugae Decoction) to induce sweating. This method targets the Biao of the Yangming channel. Another method adds Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) and Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba). The intermediate treatment uses Digupi San (Lycium Bark Powder) to treat generalized high fever.
Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Fuling (Poria), Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix), Shengdihuang (Rehmanniae Radix), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma) (each 0.5 liang); Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (2 liang). If sweating has already occurred excessively, increase the dosage of Zhimu. Crush the herbs, add fresh ginger, and decoct. Slow diaphoresis implies a gentle sweating method.
2. The Short pulse belongs to Yin. It primarily governs aversion to cold in the four limbs, generation of cold Qi in the abdomen, and indigestion of retained food. The Short pulse follows the Kun trigram. Retained food in the abdomen requires purgation.
The Short pulse indicates hidden Yang within Yin, with Qi stagnation in the Sanjiao preventing smooth flow. Retained food in the Zang generates cold Qi; vigorous purgation to unblock the intestines is necessary for recovery.
Retained food generates cold Qi; why promote smooth flow? Because there is hidden Yang within Yin. This allows the Qi of the Sanjiao to circulate up and down, hence using Badou (Crotonis Fructus), a potent purgative.
3. The Deficient pulse belongs to Yin. It primarily governs weakness of strength, frequent fright, mental restlessness, pediatric convulsions, and deficiency frailty. The Deficient pulse corresponds to the Li fire. This is a sign of middle Jiao deficiency.
Mental restlessness with palpitations and fright; after stabilizing respiration at the three positions, the pulse is difficult to form. Blood deficiency causes irritability and heat in the Zang and Fu organs; tonifying the Sanjiao brings tranquility.
Restlessness is the manifestation of active Yang. The difficulty in forming the pulse is a sign of weak transmission. Irritability and heat are due to blood deficiency. To make Qi and blood substantial, one must tonify the Sanjiao and Mingmen (Gate of Vitality).
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, remove seedlings), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 1 liang); Digupi (Lycii Cortex), Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Zhimu (Anemarrhenae Rhizoma), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma, processed), Fuling (Poria) (each 1 liang); Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) (3 liang). Treat with a decoction.
4. The Rapid pulse belongs to Yang. The Rapid pulse resembles the Kan trigram. It primarily governs the image of fullness and excess in the center. Withdrawing upon encountering Kan indicates the pulse beats eight or nine times and appears at the Cun position; gradual withdrawal suggests survival.
The Rapid pulse comes forward beyond the Guan, often residing at the Cun position where blood forms spots. Sudden gradual withdrawal allows life to continue. Recovery depends on Heaven (destiny).
If rising exceeds descending, curving forward and staying behind like holding a belt hook, it indicates death. Gradual withdrawal means Yang resolves by obtaining Yin. Like scattered threads, this is solitary Yang departing from Yin.
5. The Knotted pulse belongs to Yin. It primarily governs Qi oppression in the four limbs and radiating pain. The Knotted pulse appears intermittently, resembling the Dui metal. Movement with cessation is called Knotted. It corresponds to the right side of the abdomen.
Accumulated Qi arises beside the Spleen organ; paroxysmal pain in the Large Intestine is unbearable. Gradually, it is appropriate to slightly drain Fire from the Sanjiao; do not arbitrarily establish multiple protocols.
Vital Qi is the Qi of the Sanjiao, flourishing beside the Spleen organ. The Spleen receives dampness and turns hot, transmitting to the Large Intestine, causing pain. This is Metal of the Large Intestine affected by Fire of the Sanjiao.
6. The Alternating pulse belongs to Yin. It primarily governs emaciation and inability to speak. Emaciation not caused by illness, but with pulse interruptions, is called Alternating. The Alternating pulse is truly a death pulse. If sudden Qi damage...
Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Baifuling (White Poria), Shudihuang (Prepared Rehmanniae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, roasted), Digupi (Lycii Cortex) (each 0.5 liang); Huangqi (Astragali Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Tianmendong (Asparagi Radix), Banxia (Pinelliae Rhizoma). Take before meals.
The Alternating pulse moves occasionally as if floating, rising again only to seem absent. The Three Yuan righteous Qi departs with the wind; where do the soul and spirit reside in darkness?
Excessive floating indicates excessive Yang; excessive sinking indicates excessive Yin. Floating excessively with eight to nine beats indicates death externally; sinking excessively with one to two beats indicates death internally. The Spleen pulse represents the image of central Earth.
7. The Firm pulse belongs to Yin. The Firm pulse resembles the Zhen trigram. A pulse that neither comes nor goes is called Firm. Its nature is tight and rapid, representing the mutual multiplication of Water and Fire before and after. Water can overcome Fire.
It is difficult to distinguish respiration when the pulse enters the skin; frequent shortness of breath occurs in the chest. One speaks only of Water and Fire punishing each other; seeking recovery requires asking Heaven.
Firm belongs to Wood. There is an image of Water and Fire multiplying before and after. Considering Firm as Yin, assisting Water to overcome Fire, thus saying destiny lies in Heaven. It is also said that Water and Fire congregate in the chest.
8. The Moving pulse belongs to Yin. It primarily governs weakness of the four limbs, metrorrhagia, and bloody dysentery. The Moving pulse resembles the Gen mountain. Not coming nor going is called Moving. It resembles the stillness of a mountain. Moving without shifting.
The root of the Moving pulse is Qi governing Yin; obstructed and heavy under the fingers at the three positions. After the blood mountain falls for months and years, only wise men and famous doctors can seek [the cause].
Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) is the leaf, Ying Qi (Nutritive Qi) is the root. When blood is lost, the root perishes and the leaves wither. This pulse exists at Cun but not at Chi, completely lacking roots and leaves. This Chi pulse third position diagnoses disease similarly.
Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba), Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix, prepared), Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) (each 1 liang); Renshen (Ginseng Radix), Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma, roasted), Fuling (Poria), Guizhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) (each 0.5 liang). Crush the upper herbs.
9. The Fine pulse belongs to Yin. It primarily governs soreness of the waist and cold marrow, fatigue and essence depletion. The Kidney lacks nourishment; Yang does not prosper below, Yin does not prosper above, and Yin and Yang cannot interact.
Fatigue, lack of essence, soreness in the shins; emaciated appearance and dry hair. If encountering winter months after frost, without treating the disease, it will heal itself.
The Fine pulse resembles the Xun wind, belonging to Wood. Wind governs emission; Yang Qi internally fails to moisten the skin and hair, causing dryness. By autumn, this is lost. In autumn, Qi is balanced, thus no need to resolve the muscle layer.
Gegen (Puerariae Lobatae Radix), Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) (each 1 liang); Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, remove joints, 0.5 liang), Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra) (4 qian). Crush the upper herbs, take 1 liang, add seven slices of fresh ginger, and decoct in two zhan of water.