夫脏腑冷热不调。气行上下哽涩。结搏于喉关。吞吐不利。或塞或壅。故咽喉不利也。
方
犀角汤 治咽喉不利。肺脏风热。涕唾稠粘。
犀角（镑） 玄参 枳壳（去瓤麸炒） 人参 木通（锉） 麦门冬（去心焙） 射干 马
兜铃
防
马牙硝
（
煎
紫菀汤 治咽喉痒。咳嗽。
紫菀（去苗土） 贝母（去心炒） 桑根白皮（锉炒） 桔梗（炒） 柴胡（去苗） 麦
门冬（去
心焙）
锉一分）
上粗
牛黄凉膈丸 治风壅痰实蕴积不散。头痛。面赤。心烦潮躁。痰涎壅塞。咽喉不
利。精神恍
牛黄（钱） 牙硝 寒水石（各二两） 紫石英 胆星（各半两） 脑子 麝香（各二
分） 甘
草（
生干地黄散（出圣惠方）治脾肺壅毒。咽喉不利。肿痛烦热。
生干地黄（一两半） 犀角屑（三分） 鸡苏苗（三分） 赤茯苓（三分） 射干（三
分） 麦门
冬（
水一中
盏
龙脑丸（出圣惠方）治脾肺壅热。咽喉不利。宜服。通津液。利咽喉。
龙脑（一钱细研） 牛黄（一钱细研） 朱砂（半两细研水飞过） 赤茯苓（一两） 羚
羊角
（半两）
研了药
令匀。炼
茯苓汤 治咽喉凝唾不出。如胶塞喉。
赤茯苓（去黑皮） 桂（去粗皮各二两） 人参 甘草（炙锉） 生干地黄（焙） 芍
药前胡
（去
破。
同
清膈汤 治风热。化痰利咽膈。清头目。消疮疹。
甘草（炒） 栝蒌根 桔梗（炒） 紫苏叶〔各一（二）两〕 鸡苏叶（一两半） 荆
芥穗（四
两）
犀角散（出圣惠方）治咽喉毒瓦斯所攻。气息不利。心胸烦闷。
犀角屑（一两） 川升麻（一两） 木通（一两锉） 射干（一两） 前胡（一两半去
芦头） 川
大
更
入
射干煎（出圣惠方）治咽喉风热。不利疼痛。咽干舌涩。
射干（一两） 川升麻（一两） 犀角屑（一两） 当归（一两） 杏仁（一两汤浸去
皮尖双仁
麸炒
蜜
四两
真珠丸 治心肺客热。虚烦多痰。咽喉不利。
真珠（研如粉半两） 甘草（生末一两一分） 龙脑（研三钱） 硼砂（研半两） 凝
水石（六
两
裹
缚定
匀。煮
调中人参丸 治咽喉中痒。嗽状如伤寒。
人参 青木香 桂（去粗皮） 羌活（去芦头） 大麻仁 酸枣仁（去皮各一分） 上
为细
末。炼
治咽喉不利下气方。（出圣惠方）
射干 杏仁 人参 附子 桂心（各一两） 上为末。炼蜜丸如指大。含一丸。稍稍咽
之。
含
消毒犀角饮子（出御药院方）治大人小儿内蕴邪热。咽膈不利。痰壅嗽。眼赤
脸肿。腮项结
治疗。
甘草（一斤炙） 荆芥穗（二斤） 防风（半斤去芦） 鼠粘子（四斤炒香） 上为末。
每服三
钱。
四服
甘桔汤（出御药院方）治胸中结气。咽喉不利。下一切气。
桔梗 杏仁（汤浸去皮尖麸炒各二两） 甘草（炙一两） 上 咀。每服五钱。水一盏
半。
煎至
治咽喉
薄荷（一两） 紫河车（半两） 甘草（三钱炙） 上为细末。炼蜜为丸。如弹子大。
临卧噙
化。
疗口中咽喉不利。当归含丸方。
当归末（二两） 杏仁（去皮尖一两炒） 上捣筛。以蜜和为丸如梧桐子大二丸。含。
渐渐
咽汁
秘方防风散 治一切风热上壅。咽喉不利。
防风（去芦一两） 白药（三两黑牵牛半两同炒香熟为度去牵牛一半） 上为细末。每
服一
钱匕
治上焦壅滞。风冷伤肺。气道痞塞。咽喉不利。（出圣惠方）
随所患左右。刺手小指甲。令血出。效。
治咽喉不利。肿塞气道不通。宜用此方。（出圣惠方）
用以生艾叶捣烂。敷肿上。随手即消。冬月以熟艾。和水捣汁涂之。亦佳。一方用嫩艾
叶。旋取研汁。逐时吞下。
治咽喉逆气不能食方
用麻子一升。熬令黑。以酒一升。淋取汁。空心。一服一升。渐至二升。多汗好覆。勿
触风
犀角散（出御药院方）治利咽膈。下痰。
大黄（二两） 荆芥穗（一两半） 甘草（一两） 薄荷（半两） 上为粗末。每用四
钱。水一
大盏。煎三沸去滓。温调青雪散三钱。细细服。食后。
川芎丸 治咽喉不利。音声不出。及风热上壅。面赤鼻塞。不闻香臭。
石菖蒲（半两） 桔梗（去芦头） 荆芥穗 薄荷叶（去土） 川芎 牛蒡子（炒以上
五味各
一两）
食后
临卧服。一方有缩砂。无牛蒡子。
王医师法
用生萝卜切作片。冬月临卧时。吃三两片。可无咽喉之患。
百霜丸 治咽喉中结块核。不通水食。危困欲死者。大效。
上用釜底百草霜。不拘多少研细。蜜和为丸龙眼大。每一丸。新汲水化开灌下。甚者。
不过三丸。即愈。
【背景信息】
书名：普济方 作者：朱梓 朝代：明·永乐四年 章节：咽喉不利（附论） 类别：方剂
【原文翻译】
脏腑冷热不调和，气机在上下运行中发生哽噎涩滞，结聚搏动于喉关之处，导致吞咽困难。有时堵塞，有时壅塞，这就是所谓的“咽喉不利”。
方剂：
犀角汤：治疗咽喉不利。适用于肺脏风热引起的鼻涕和唾液稠厚粘腻之症。
药材：犀角（镑片）、玄参、枳壳（去瓤麸炒）、人参、木通（锉碎）、麦门冬（去心焙干）、射干、马兜铃、防马牙硝（此处疑为排版错误，通常指芒硝或类似矿物药，依原文保留）、紫菀。
紫菀汤：治疗咽喉发痒、咳嗽。
药材：紫菀（去苗土）、贝母（去心炒）、桑根白皮（锉碎炒）、桔梗（炒）、柴胡（去苗）、麦门冬（去心焙）。
牛黄凉膈丸：治疗风邪壅盛、痰实蕴积不散。症状包括头痛、面红、心烦急躁、痰涎壅塞、咽喉不利、精神恍惚。
药材：牛黄、牙硝、寒水石（各二两）、紫石英、胆南星（各半两）、脑子（即冰片）、麝香（各二分）、甘草、生干地黄。
生干地黄散（出自《圣惠方》）：治疗脾肺壅毒。症状为咽喉不利、肿痛、烦热。
药材：生干地黄、犀角屑、鸡苏苗、赤茯苓、射干、麦门冬。
龙脑丸（出自《圣惠方》）：治疗脾肺壅热。症状为咽喉不利。此方可通利津液，利咽。
药材：龙脑（一钱细研）、牛黄（一钱细研）、朱砂（半两细研水飞）、赤茯苓、羚羊角。
茯苓汤：治疗咽喉凝唾不出，如胶状物堵塞喉咙。
药材：赤茯苓（去黑皮）、桂枝（去粗皮）、人参、甘草（炙锉）、生干地黄（焙）、芍药、前胡。
清膈汤：治疗风热，化痰利咽膈，清头目，消疮疹。
药材：甘草（炒）、栝蒌根、桔梗（炒）、紫苏叶、鸡苏叶、荆芥穗。
犀角散（出自《圣惠方》）：治疗咽喉被毒瓦斯所攻。症状为气息不利、心胸烦闷。
药材：犀角屑、川升麻、木通、射干、前胡、川大黄。
射干煎（出自《圣惠方》）：治疗咽喉风热。症状为咽喉不利、疼痛、咽干舌涩。
药材：射干、川升麻、犀角屑、当归、杏仁（汤浸去皮尖双仁麸炒）、蜜。
真珠丸：治疗心肺客热。症状为虚烦多痰、咽喉不利。
药材：真珠（研如粉）、甘草（生末）、龙脑（研）、硼砂（研）、凝水石。
调中人参丸：治疗咽喉中发痒，咳嗽状如伤寒。
药材：人参、青木香、桂枝（去粗皮）、羌活（去芦头）、大麻仁、酸枣仁（去皮）。
治咽喉不利下气方（出自《圣惠方》）：
药材：射干、杏仁、人参、附子、桂心。制法为末，炼蜜丸如指大，含服，慢慢咽下。
消毒犀角饮子（出自《御药院方》）：治疗大人小儿内蕴邪热。症状为咽膈不利、痰壅嗽、眼赤脸肿、腮项结块。
药材：甘草（一斤炙）、荆芥穗、防风、鼠粘子（牛蒡子，四斤炒香）。
甘桔汤（出自《御药院方》）：治疗胸中结气。症状为咽喉不利，能下一切气。
药材：桔梗、杏仁（汤浸去皮尖麸炒）、甘草（炙）。
治咽喉薄荷方：
药材：薄荷、紫河车、甘草（炙）。制法为细末，炼蜜为丸，如弹子大，临卧含化。
疗口中咽喉不利，当归含丸方：
药材：当归末、杏仁（去皮尖炒）。制法为捣筛，以蜜和为丸如梧桐子大，含服，渐渐咽汁。
秘方防风散：治疗一切风热上壅。症状为咽喉不利。
药材：防风（去芦）、白药（黑牵牛同炒香熟为度，去牵牛一半）。
治上焦壅滞，风冷伤肺，气道痞塞，咽喉不利（出自《圣惠方》）：
方法：随患侧左右，刺手小指甲，令血出，有效。
治咽喉不利，肿塞气道不通，宜用此方（出自《圣惠方》）：
方法：用生艾叶捣烂，敷于肿处，随手即消。冬月用熟艾，和水捣汁涂之，亦佳。一方用嫩艾叶，旋取研汁，逐时吞下。
治咽喉逆气不能食方：
方法：用麻子一升，熬令黑，以酒一升，淋取汁。空心服，一服一升，渐至二升。多汗好覆，勿触风。
犀角散（出自《御药院方》）：治疗利咽膈，下痰。
药材：大黄、荆芥穗、甘草、薄荷。
川芎丸：治疗咽喉不利，音声不出，及风热上壅。症状为面赤鼻塞，不闻香臭。
药材：石菖蒲、桔梗（去芦头）、荆芥穗、薄荷叶（去土）、川芎、牛蒡子（炒）。
王医师法：
方法：用生萝卜切作片，冬月临卧时，吃三两片，可无咽喉之患。
百霜丸：治疗咽喉中结块核，不通水食，危困欲死者。大效。
方法：用釜底百草霜，不拘多少研细，蜜和为丸龙眼大，每一丸，新汲水化开灌下。甚者，不过三丸，即愈。
Background Information:
Book: Puji Fang (General Repository of Prescriptions); Author: Zhu Zi; Dynasty: Ming, Yongle 4th Year; Chapter: Throat Discomfort (With Discussion); Category: Formulas.
[Translation]
When the cold and heat of the Zang-Fu organs are not harmonious, Qi movement becomes obstructed and涩 (stagnant) up and down, knotting and pulsating at the throat gate, leading to difficulty in swallowing. Sometimes there is blockage, sometimes congestion; this is what is called "throat discomfort" (Yan Hou Bu Li).
Formulas:
Xijiao Tang (Rhinoceros Horn Decoction): Treats throat discomfort. Indicated for lung wind-heat causing thick and sticky nasal discharge and saliva.
Ingredients: Rhinoceros Horn (sliced), Scrophulariae Radix (Xuanshen), Aurantii Fructus (Zhike, bran-fried), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Akebiae Caulis (Mutong), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong, heart removed and baked), Belamcandae Rhizoma (Shegan), Aristolochiae Fructus (Madouling), and Natrii Sulfas (Fangmayaxiao - likely a textual variant or error for Mangxiao/Mirabilite).
Ziwan Tang (Asterae Radix Decoction): Treats throat itching and coughing.
Ingredients: Asterae Radix (Ziwan, roots and soil removed), Fritillariae Bulbus (Beimu, heart removed and fried), Morus Albae Cortex (Sangbaipibai, sliced and fried), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, fried), Bupleuri Radix (Chaihu, roots removed), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong, heart removed and baked).
Niu Huang Liangge Wan (Calculus Bovis Cooling Diaphragm Pill): Treats wind congestion and phlegm-solid accumulation that does not dissipate. Symptoms include headache, red face, vexation and irritability, phlegm-saliva congestion, throat discomfort, and mental confusion.
Ingredients: Calculus Bovis (Niu Huang), Natrii Sulfas (Yaxiao), Gypsum Fibrosum (Hanshuishi), Flammulae Lapis (Zi Yingshi), Arisaematis Cum Bile (Danning), Borax (Naobzi), Moschus (Shexiang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (Sheng Gan Dihuang).
Sheng Gan Dihuang San (Prepared Dried Rehmannia Powder) [From Shenghui Fang]: Treats spleen and lung toxic congestion. Symptoms include throat discomfort, swelling and pain, vexation and heat.
Ingredients: Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (Sheng Gan Dihuang), Rhinoceros Horn Fragment (Xijiao Xie), Houttuyniae Herba (Jimiao), Poria Cocos (Chifuling), Belamcandae Rhizoma (Shegan), Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong).
Longnao Wan (Borneol Pill) [From Shenghui Fang]: Treats spleen and lung heat congestion. Symptoms include throat discomfort. This formula promotes fluid secretion and benefits the throat.
Ingredients: Borneolum Syntheticum (Longnao), Calculus Bovis (Niu Huang), Cinnabaris (Zhusha, water-washed), Poria Cocos (Chifuling), Saigae Tataricae Cornu (Lingyangjiao).
Fuling Tang (Poria Decoction): Treats congealed saliva in the throat that cannot be expectorated, feeling like glue blocking the throat.
Ingredients: Poria Cocos (Chifuling, black skin removed), Cinnamon Twig (Gui, rough bark removed), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried and sliced), Rehmanniae Radix Preparata (Sheng Gan Dihuang, baked), Paeoniae Radix Alba (Shaoyao), Peucedani Radix (Qianhu).
Qingge Tang (Clear Diaphragm Decoction): Treats wind-heat, transforms phlegm, benefits the throat and diaphragm, clears the head and eyes, and reduces sores and rashes.
Ingredients: Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, fried), Trichosanthis Radix (Gualougen), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, fried), Perilla Leaf (Zisuye), Houttuyniae Herba (Jimuye), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingsheisui).
Xijiao San (Rhinoceros Horn Powder) [From Shenghui Fang]: Treats throat attacked by toxic vapors. Symptoms include difficult breathing and chest/heart vexation.
Ingredients: Rhinoceros Horn Fragment (Xijiao Xie), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Chuan Shengma), Akebiae Caulis (Mutong), Belamcandae Rhizoma (Shegan), Peucedani Radix (Qianhu), Rheum Palmatum Radix et Rhizoma (Chuan Dahuang).
Shegan Jian (Belamcanda Decoction) [From Shenghui Fang]: Treats wind-heat in the throat. Symptoms include throat discomfort, pain, dry throat, and coarse tongue.
Ingredients: Belamcandae Rhizoma (Shegan), Cimicifugae Rhizoma (Chuan Shengma), Rhinoceros Horn Fragment (Xijiao Xie), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui), Prunus Armeniaca Semen (Xingren, soaked in water, skin and pointed end removed, double-kernel, bran-fried), Honey (Mi).
Zhenzhu Wan (Pearl Pill): Treats exogenous heat in the heart and lungs. Symptoms include deficiency vexation, excessive phlegm, and throat discomfort.
Ingredients: Pearl (Zhenzhu, ground to powder), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, raw powder), Borneolum Syntheticum (Longnao), Borax (Pengsha), Halloysitum Rubrum (Ningshuishi).
Tiaozhong Renshen Wan (Regulating Middle Ginseng Pill): Treats throat itching and coughing resembling Taiyang syndrome (Shanghan).
Ingredients: Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Pogostemonis Patchouli Herba (Qingmuxiang), Cinnamon Twig (Gui, rough bark removed), Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix (Qianghuo), Cannabis Seed (Damaoren), Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (Suanzaoren, skin removed).
Formula for Lowering Qi in Throat Discomfort [From Shenghui Fang]:
Ingredients: Belamcandae Rhizoma (Shegan), Prunus Armeniaca Semen (Xingren), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (Renshen), Aconiti Lateralis Radix Preparata (Fuzi), Cinnamon Bark (Guixin). Process into powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of a finger. Hold one pill in the mouth and slowly swallow.
Xiaodu Xijiao Yinzi (Detoxifying Rhinoceros Horn Drink) [From Yuyao Yuan Fang]: Treats internal accumulation of pathogenic heat in adults and children. Symptoms include throat/diaphragm discomfort, phlegm congestion with cough, red eyes, swollen face, and lumps in cheeks and neck.
Ingredients: Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried, 1 jin), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingsheisui, 2 jin), Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, root removed, half jin), Arctii Fructus (Shuniuzi, stir-fried until fragrant, 4 jin). Process into powder. Take 3 qian per dose.
Ganjie Tang (Licorice and Platycodon Decoction) [From Yuyao Yuan Fang]: Treats knotted Qi in the chest. Symptoms include throat discomfort; it descends all types of rebellious Qi.
Ingredients: Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng), Prunus Armeniaca Semen (Xingren, soaked, skin/end removed, fried, 2 liang), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried, 1 liang). Process into coarse pieces. Take 5 qian per dose with 1.5 cups of water, decoct.
Throat Mint Formula:
Ingredients: Menthae Haplocalyx Herba (Bohe), Human Placenta (Ziheche), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao, honey-fried). Process into fine powder, mix with refined honey to make pills the size of an egg. Hold in mouth before sleep to dissolve.
Danggui Hanwan Formula for Mouth and Throat Discomfort:
Ingredients: Angelicae Sinensis Radix Powder (Danggui Mo), Prunus Armeniaca Semen (Xingren, skin/end removed, fried). Pound and sieve, mix with honey to make pills the size of Sophora seeds. Hold in mouth and slowly swallow the juice.
Secret Formula: Fangfeng San (Saposhnikovia Powder): Treats all wind-heat congesting upwards. Symptoms include throat discomfort.
Ingredients: Saposhnikoviae Radix (Fangfeng, root removed, 1 liang), Baiyao (White Medicine, mixed with half Jin of Black Qian Niu, stir-fried until fragrant, remove half of Qian Niu). Process into powder. Take 1 qian bi per dose.
Treatment for Upper Jiao Congestion, Wind-Cold Damaging Lung, Qi Obstruction, and Throat Discomfort [From Shenghui Fang]:
Method: Depending on the affected side (left or right), prick the nail of the little finger to let blood out. Effective.
Treatment for Throat Discomfort with Swelling Blocking Airway [From Shenghui Fang]:
Method: Use fresh Mugwort leaves, pound them into a paste, and apply to the swelling. It subsides immediately. In winter, use cooked Mugwort, mix with water, pound into juice, and apply. Also good. Another method uses fresh tender Mugwort leaves, crush to extract juice, and swallow gradually throughout the time.
Formula for Rebellious Qi in Throat Preventing Eating:
Method: Use 1 sheng of Hemp Seeds, roast until black. Pour 1 sheng of wine over them to extract the juice. Take on an empty stomach, starting with 1 sheng, gradually increasing to 2 sheng. Sweating profusely is good; cover well and avoid wind.
Xijiao San (Rhinoceros Horn Powder) [From Yuyao Yuan Fang]: Benefits the throat/diaphragm, descends phlegm.
Ingredients: Rheum Palmatum Radix et Rhizoma (Dahuang), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingsheisui), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Gancao), Menthae Haplocalyx Herba (Bohe). Process into coarse powder. Use 4 qian per dose with 1 large cup of water, boil three times, strain. Mix with 3 qian of Qingxue San, take slowly after meals.
Chuanxiong Wan (Ligusticum Chuanxiong Pill): Treats throat discomfort, loss of voice, and wind-heat congesting upwards. Symptoms include red face, nasal congestion, and inability to smell.
Ingredients: Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Shichangpu), Platycodonis Radix (Jiegeng, root removed), Schizonepeta Spike (Jingsheisui), Menthae Haplocalyx Herba (Boheye, dirt removed), Ligusticum Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), Arctii Fructus (Niubangzi, fried). Each of these five herbs is 1 liang. Take after meals, before sleep. One variation includes Amomi Fructus (Suosha) and excludes Niubangzi.
Physician Wang's Method:
Method: Slice fresh radish. In winter, eat 3 liang slices before sleep to prevent throat ailments.
Baishuang Wan (Hundred Frost Pill): Treats nodules/lumps in the throat preventing intake of water and food, causing critical condition nearing death. Highly effective.
Method: Use Baicaoshuang (Soot from the bottom of a cauldron), grind finely regardless of quantity. Mix with honey to make pills the size of a dragon eye. Dissolve one pill in fresh well water and administer orally. For severe cases, no more than three pills are needed for recovery.